英语语言学-练习题(含答案))
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:
1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.
6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.
7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.
9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology.
10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.
11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.
12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies
meaning not in isolation, but in context.
14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.
15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.
17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.
19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not t he written language.
20. The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begi ns with the letter given:
21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k_____ _____ of the rules of his language.
22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by a ll the members of a speech community while the parole is the c oncrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two l
evels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a high er level of meaningful units.
24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for h uman communication.
25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s____ ____.
26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the d etails of language have to be taught and learned.
27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the sett lement of some practical problems. The study of such applicatio ns is generally known as a________ linguistics.
29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the constr uction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other w ords, they can produce and understand an infinitely large numb er of sentences which they have never heard before.
30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of lang uage.
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the c hoice that can best complete the statement:
31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language peo ple actually use, it is said to be _______.
A. prescriptive
B. analytic
C. descriptive
D. linguistic
32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human lan guage?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.
A. primary
B. correct
C. secondary
D. stable
34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amou nt of information conveyed
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquir es his mother tongue
D. All of the above
35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky l ooks at language from a ________ point of view.
A. sociological…psychological
B. psychologica l…sociological
C. applied…pragmatic
D.semantic…linguistic
37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lin guistic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech commu
nity.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical c onnection between _______ and meanings.
A. sense
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from th
e immediate situations o
f the speaker. This feature is called ____ ___,
A. displacement
B. duality
C. flexibility
D. cultural transmission
40. The details of any language system is passed on from one g
eneration to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.
A. learning
B. teaching
C. books
D. both A and B
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics
42. Phonology
43. Syntax
44. Pragmatics
45. Psycholinguistics
46. Language
47. Phonetics
48. Morphology
49. Semantics
50. Sociolinguistics
51. Applied Linguistics
52. Arbitrariness
53. Productivity
54. Displacement
55. Duality
56. Design Features
57. Competence
58. Performance
59. Langue
60. Parole
Suggested answers to supplementary exercises:
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or F alse:
1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
6. F
7. T
8. F
9. T 10. F
11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. F
Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begi ns with the letter given:
21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific ( or systematic)
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the c hoice that can best complete the statement.
31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
Ⅳ. Define the following terms:
41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific st udy of language.
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