2014.4四级模拟试题

2014年大学英语四级模拟测试一

Part I Writing （30 minutes）

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay entitled Low Carbon Lifestyle, following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上

1. 低碳生活受到人们的普遍欢迎

2. 低碳生活方式非常有好处

3. 我们应该如何去做

Low Carbon Lifestyle

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Questions 1 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A. He does not have a good hearing. B. He has been driving madly for a year.

C. He never takes what she says seriously.

D. He is always impatient with her.

2. A. He is poor at remembering numbers.

B. He can't remember Mary's phone number.

C. He doesn't know Mary's phone number at all.

D. He doesn't want to tell her Mary's phone number.

3. A. They should go to see the man's father.

B. A guy named Tom will go to a new place.

C. The woman might go with the man to see his mother.

D. Going to see the new kid is the best thing they can do.

4. A. Their first child is very lovely.

B. They don't want children for the time being

C. They will start a family as soon as they get married.

D. Mrs. Smith wishes to have children, but her husband doesn't.

5. A. He has done what he shouldn't. B. He has done more than enough.

C. He has done as much as he could.

D. He hasn't done as much as he could.

6. A. The man paid a lot to join the gym.

B. The man has been working too hard.

C. The man has improved his physical condition.

D. The man has paid off his debts through hard work.

7. A. Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman.

B. Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman.

C. Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman.

D. Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman.

8. A. She didn't go to the game. B. She also left the game before it was over.

C. She's also curious about who won the game.

D. She was sitting right behind the man at the game.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. in a library. B. in a school. C. in a bookstore D. in a publisher's office.

10. A. Travel. B. Mystery. C. History. D. Poetry.

11. A. She has a copy of one of his books. B. He gave gifts to millions of people.

C. He was a very wealthy man in his time.

D. Sample of his writing is worth a lot of money.

12. A. Do some research. B. Sell some of her books.

C. Talk to some politicians.

D. Sign her name in the book.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A. It's rather expensive. B. It's too small for the man.

C. It has plenty of light.

D. It doesn't have many closets.

14. A. Each renter is given a parking lot.

B. It's difficult to find a parking place.

C. The renter has to pay to park.

D. The renter can use any space in the parking area.

15. A. He is unimpressed by what the woman told him.

B. He doubts he can afford it.

C. He doesn't think it's suitable for him.

D. He's enthusiastic about it.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions . Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. People don't often eat English food.

B. People don't like English food.

C. People who travel to Britain eat English food in English home.

D. People who travel to Britain don't know much about English food.

17. A. The speaker thinks that we live to eat, but not eat to live.

B. The speaker doesn't think that we should eat when living.

C. The speaker thinks that we eat to live, but not live to eat.

D. The speaker thinks that we eat to live and live to eat.

18. A. The criticism of English food by visitors is unfair.

B. It is impossible to find good English food in large towns.

C. As well as food people also travel to Britain for shopping and sightseeing.

D. If people complain about English food, they will get better food.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. Our self-respect. B. Our financial rewards.

C. Our advertising ability.

D. Our friendly relationship.

20. A. it is equal to lying. B. it is equal to stealing.

C. it is equal to cheating.

D. it is equal to advertising

21. A. We'll be very excited. B. We'll feel unfortunate.

C. We'll have a sense of honor.

D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.

22. A. How to Live Truthfully B. Importance of Peacefulness

C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect Actions

D. Happiness through Honorable Actions

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. How animals react to frightening situations.

B. Why mice are particularly fearful animals.

C. Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait.

D. Why certain animals are feared by humans.

24. A. They fought with the other mice.

B. They stayed close to their mothers.

C. They ran back and forth constantly.

D. They remained close to one wall.

25. A. To show the relationship between fearfulness and environment.

B. To give examples of animals that aren't fearful.

C. To compare fear in mammals to fear in other animals.

D. To identify the nerves that control fear in certain animals.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

In many English homes four meals are served: they are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. These are the meals that are served in the homes of people who are well-to-do. It might be (26) to you to know what sort of meals English people have and how they behave at the table, for the people of one country act

(27) from those of another. An old proverb says, “W hen in Rome, do as the Romans do,” and this is

(28) .

Breakfast may be served any time from seven to nine. Lunch comes at about one o’clock. It generally (29) cold meat, potatoes and salad. Most people drink water or beer instead of strong alcoholic drinks. Afternoon tea, served between four and five, is the most (30) meal of the day.

Dinner is the most important meal of the day and is a very formal meal. Many people even wear (31) for dinner, so if you are asked out to dinner, you must (32) whether you are expected to wear a dinner suit. For you’ll feel very (33) , if when you got there, you were the only person in ordinary clothes. During the meal, conversation is (34) . You should try to get into conversation with the person on your right or left, but you should not try to talk to someone who was a long way from you. If you are in (35) surroundings, keep an eye open for what the others are doing.

Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can (36) performance at work and school. Cognitive (认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on (37) and gifts from others.

The latter view has gained many supporters, (38) among educators. But the careful use of small (39) rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed (40) inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

“If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively (41) task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to

(42) creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”

A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for

(43) achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and (44) failing grades.

In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows (45) in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。

A) mental B) promise C) kill D) avoid E) hope

F) especially G) aid H) ordinary I) approval J) monetary

K) generally L) improve M) challenging N) restore O) excellent Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

How to Make Peace with Your Workload

[A] Swamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliché you employ to

depict it, we’ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload.

Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.

[B] Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your

capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that you’ll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,”says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.”Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can’t locate a document or report easily because it’s lost in

a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,”he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time

to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”

[C] Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account

executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,”she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand;

otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if you’re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page.

Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,”Carlson says. [D] Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it’s counterproductive. Unless you’re

drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, you’re not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,”Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.”Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,”he says.

[E] Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says she’s frequently overwhelmed

by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all”by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (轻轻地掠过)from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,”Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I don’t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.”

[F] Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but

someone forgot to tell them (that they’re no longer important). There are usually clear priorities in the manager’s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee,”says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green’s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.”Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren’t just complaining about their workload.

[G] Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with

them accordingly,”says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says ‘You’ve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you.”Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roth’s point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,”he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,”he says.

[H] Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of today’s work environment is that the

more you do, the more that’s expected of you,”Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned (使一致)with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such

a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other

pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you;

Will he or she be crushed if you say no?

[I] Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize

efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. “The more you do, the more you are expected to do” has been a paradox in today’s work environment.

47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers

would like to help them decide what to do first.

48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and

housework.

49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.

50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and

important files at hand.

51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is

recommended.

52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the e-mail

notice are suggested in combating interruptions.

53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each

task.

54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.

55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage one

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Some people say the traditional calendar of 180 days no longer meets the needs of American society. They point out that students in most other industrial countries are in school more hours a day and more days a year. Critics also say a long summer vacation causes students to forget much of what they learned and schools are under pressure to raise test scores. Some schools have changed their calendars to try to improve student performance. They have lengthened the school day or added days to the year or both. This can be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days and school employees need to be paid for the extra time.

Some schools have a year-round schedule. The school year is extended over twelve months. Instead of a long vacation, there are many short ones. Local businesses may object to a longer school year because students are unable to work as long at summer jobs. Some parts of the country had year-round programs in the nineteenth century, mostly for economic reasons. They felt it wasted money to use school buildings for only part of the year. Year-round programs can also reduce crowding in schools. In one version, students attend school for nine weeks and then have three weeks off. The students are in groups that are not all in school at the same time.

Another year-round calendar has all students in school together for nine weeks and off for three. This is meant to provide the continuous learning that can be lost over a long break. But year-round schooling has opponents. They say it can cause problems for families when they want to make summer plans. And they say it interferes with activities outside school – including summer employment.

Some experts say no really good studies have been done to measure the effect of school calendars on performance. But some educators think year-round schooling especially helps students from poor families that lack educational support at home.

56. The best title for the passage seems to be .

A. Debating upon Year-round Schooling

B. Advantages of Year-round Education

C. Disadvantages of a Long Summer Vacation

D. Different Types of School Calendars

57. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that schools should extend school days?

A. The traditional calendar is out of date.

B. Long holidays cause students to forget much of what they learned.

C. Schools face pressure to raise test marks.

D. Schools in other countries do so.

58. There were year-round programs in the 19th century because of .

A. the need of science

B. the need of research

C. economic reasons

D. political reasons

59. Those against year-round schooling argue that .

A.it does little to help improve students' performance at school

B.it may cause learning-weariness

C.it will not have much educational value

D.it affects students’ activities outside school

60. We learn from the passage that year-round schooling .

A. will enable students to raise their scores

B. is expected to get under way soon

C. remains a controversial issue

D. is approved by the government

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Wouldn't it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away? Well, you can. The forecast is written in clouds. If you can read that writing, you can tell something about the atmosphere. With some practice, you can become a pretty good weather forecaster. Who knows, you might even do as well as meteorologists.

Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast. They collect data from all over the world. Then they put it into powerful, high speed computers. This does give the meteorologists an advantage, because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country. But you have an advantage, too. You can look at the sky and get your data directly. A meteorologist uses a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast.

What are you seeing when you look at a cloud? “A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere,” says meteorologist Peter Leavitt. There's moisture throughout the atmosphere. Most of the time you don't see it,

because it's in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor. Sometimes, the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water. It's called condensation, and we see it happen all the time (for example, when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror). When enough water vapor condenses, droplets come in the air. These droplets scatter light. A cloud is seen.

Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come. Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere. You should begin to notice patterns. Certain clouds, following each other in order, can signal an approaching storm. But don't take our word for it; see for yourself.

61. The word "meteorologists" in the first paragraph means .

A. people who broadcast weather on TV

B. people who are in charge of weather forecast

C. experts who study the earth's atmosphere and its changes

D. experts who study the earth's crust, rocks, strata and the history of its development

62. According to the passage, an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecast .

A. with some simple practice looking up at the sky

B. with the help of the high-speed computers

C. through complex instruments

D. consulting a weather station

63. Meteorologists can make their weather forecast .

A.by using information of the appearance of the clouds only

B.by collecting data from parts of the world

C.by calculating and analyzing this data

D.by watching the sky

64. According to the passage, your advantage in weather forecasts is that .

A. you have a high-speed computer

B. you observe the sky and obtain your data directly

C. you have more instruments at home

D. you can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country

65. This passage mainly tells us about how to .

A. train yourself as a meteorologist

B. be an assistant to a meteorologist

C. forecast the weather by ourselves

D. broadcast the weather forecast

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

博客(blog)的实质只不过是一种“网络日志”，即在网页上按照时间顺序排列(chronologically)个人信息的一种记录形式。博客的最大特点就是利用网络空间，发表自己的观点主张，最大程度地彰显个人的自主性或独立性。尽管它正在成为一种越来越重要的文化载体(carrier)甚至社会载体，但是无论如何都不可能取代最古老的知识传承方式—读书。

大学英语四级模拟试题四(附含答案解析)

大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s

大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

大学英语四级考试真题及答案.doc

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