festival、holiday和vacation的用法

festival一般是指节日,与holiday和vacation有比较明显的区别.

请看以下比较.

holiday(holidays),leave,vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思，但含义用法并不相同。

holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”

Tom and I are going to have a holiday.

我和汤姆准备去度假。

I've already had my holidays this year.

我今年已经度过假了。

During a holiday in Sweden,I found this note on my car.

在瑞典度假期间，我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。

Postcards always spoil my holidays.

明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。

My holidays passed quickly,but I did not send any cards to my friends. 我的假日过的很快，但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。

注：have a (或one's)holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”，如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。

leave 指“请假”，被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间

He stays at home on sick leave.

他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave.

他请了6个月的假。

而 vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子，美国可指任何假日（期）

The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation.

这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.

费勒先生在度假。

holiday:假日 vacation:假期

a、对于英国人或者澳大利亚人来说，“假日”的意思等同于“假期”(尽管他们很少用“假期”)

b、如果你是美国人，“假日”是指一个特殊的日子，好像圣诞节，而“假期”是指你会花两到三周的时间和你的家人出去旅行。

holiday n. 一般表示时间可长可短的假期，为可数名词。与季节连用时多用复数;与数词连用时只表示次数，不表示日期。例如:

We have had three holidays since the beginning of the year.

但三天的假期应说:a holiday of three days或a three days’ holiday。

vacation n. 一般表示比较长的假期，多指大学的假期、法庭的休庭期。至于寒、暑假，英国人喜欢用:summer/winter holidays，美国人喜欢用:summer/winter vacation，区别不大。

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初中英语——可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。 二、关于可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。 如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ① child → children ② man → men woman → women policeman → policemen（规律：man → men） ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ] ④ foot → feet tooth→ teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。] ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。 三、关于不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如：water （水）→ waters （水域）orange （橘汁）→ oranges （橘子） 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。 如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 四、名词可数不可数“六注意” 1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples 等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。 2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a（an），表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a（an）修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如： He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。 No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。 3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示"一些，许多"。如： There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。 There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。 4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如：a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。

初中信息技术优质课展评基本功竞赛试卷

初中信息技术优质课展评基本功竞赛试卷 I 基础知识考试试题（总分40分，测试时间：60分钟） 一、单选题（每题1.5分，6小题，共9分） 1.下面有关4G网络的特点描述，不正确的是（） A．比3G通信速度更快 B．比3G网络频谱更宽 C．集3G与WLAN于一体 D．不受通信系统容量的限制 2．中国电信无线宽带上网有WiFi、3G、1X三种接入方式，用户随时随地都能享受高速的无线上网服务。其中，WiFi方式采用的通信技术是（） A.无线局域网技术 B. 红外技术 C. WAP技术 D. 蓝牙技术 3.下面哪款软件没有使用语音识别技术？（） A．有道词典 B．谷歌Voice Search C．iPhone Siri D．科大讯飞 4.下面这个教案片断中对哪个概念把握有误？（） A．Windows B．软件 C．应用软件 D．操作系统 5．某货运司机违反交通规则，将行人撞倒后驾车逃逸，以下是几个事故现场目击人对肇事车车牌号的描述： A说：我记得该车的车牌号码上有4位阿拉伯数字，而且第一位不是0； B说：我记得该车的车牌号码是小于1100的数； C说：我用该车牌号码除以9刚好余8； 请问通过编程帮助警方尽快找到肇事车辆，采用哪种算法比较好？（） A．分治法 B．解析法C．穷举法 D．递归法

6．下图是用GoldWave软件打开某音频文件后的部分信息，从图中可以看出该音频文件（） A.只有一个声道 B.采样频率为44.1kHz C.时间长度约为1:52.634 D.属于Wave格式 二、简答题（共11分） 1.下图一和图二分别为排序前和排序后的某校学生成绩登记表。（5分，每空1分） 图一图二 （1）如果想分别查看各个班级的总分由高到低的排名情况，即如图二所示，那么显然需要进行排序处理，请确定排序时需要的主要关键字________和次要关键字_________。 （2）实现表中的总分统计，我们一般使用公式或函数来实现。在图一中，如果要统计学号为120000004的学生的总分，我们可以设计公式为________________________。 （3）表格数据图形化可以增强数据的可读性。上表中，为了反映该年级各班语文平均分的排名情况，适合使用柱形图；为了反映年级中各分数段的学生数占全体学生的比例时，适合使用_________图；为了反映学号为120000010的学生几次考试成绩的趋势时，适合使用_________图。 2.下图是两幅典型的位图和矢量图，请简述位图和矢量图在（1）技术原理、（2）图片特点、（3）适用场合等三个方面的差异。（6分） 三、案例分析（共20分） 阅读下述案例片段，回答如下两个问题： （1）试分析该案例在教学流程（学习任务）设计上存在哪些主要问题？（10分）

四人英语 对话

旁白：One day Samantha Candy and Jujo are planing for their Summer holiday. a:Where would you like to go ? b:I want to swim. c:But I can't swim and it is too crowded there .so I don't want to go there ．How about going to Beijing ? a:Can Beijing offer us a lot of fun ? c:Yes .We can visit a lot of landmarks in Beijing , such as the Summer Palace and the Tian'anMen Square .They are all beautiful. b:Ok,let's go to Beijing for our Summer holiday . 旁白:In Summer holiday ,Samantha ,Candy and Jujo were visiting Beijing together .They visited the Summer Palace ,the Great Wall and the Tian'anMen Square .But they weren't happy .Because they thought the air in Beijing wasn't clean and the air pollution was not good for their heath.One week later,they came back .) a:Oh!The air in Beijing is very dirty.It's bad for our heath. b:Yes.That's air pollution .How can we clean the air . c:We can plant more trees. a:Why? b:Oh!I know. The trees take harmful gas from the air and release oxygen into the air.They can lelp us to clean the air . c:Yes.That's true.Trees are useful .They an make streets more beautiful and less noisy. And the fruit and the nuts for cola,and the beas for the coffee alll come from trees. a:Wow .The trees are great. Are the wood in our pencil and paper in our notebooks all from trees? b,c:Yes,they are all from trees.