高考试题
江西省九校
2016届高三下学期联考
英语试题
本试卷分Ⅰ卷（选择题）和Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两大部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题满分100分)
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How is the weather today?
A. Cloudy and a little windy.
B. Clear and a little windy.
C. Rainy and cool.
2. Who had the flu?
A. The woman.
B. The man.
C. Bill.
3. What difficulty does the woman have in learning English?
A. Pronunciation.
B. Grammar.
C. Spelling.
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Mike?s job interview.
B. Mike?s meeting with a friend.
C. Mike?s good behavior.
5. How does the man feel about the woman?
A. She is careless with money.
B. She doesn?t like money.
C. She is able to make money.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a bookstore.
B. At a classroom.
C. At a library.
7. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. To sell another book to him.
B. To reserve him a copy.
C. To keep him a secret
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
8. What does the woman ask the man do first?
A. To pay the mini-bar bill. B . To take his own bags himself.
C. To get the bill charged with his company.
9. How will the man pay?
A. With the company?s cash.
B. With his Visa card.
C. With his cash.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. Why did Maria call her dad?
A. She made a traffic accident.
B. She lost her way.
C. Her car broke down.
11. How does the man let people know that he is in trouble when the man is driving on the highway?
A. Put up hood of the car.
B. Tie a white piece of cloth onto the antenna.
C. Both A and B .
12. What can Maria turn on?
A. The radio.
B. The flashes.
C. The head lights.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。
13. How many points did the man get?
A. 80 points.
B. 70 points.
C. 60 points.
14. Why is the man?s score not satisfactory?
A. He didn?t recite the language points at all.
B. He just hurriedly prepared for the exam.
C. He had to do some part-time jobs.
15.How does the woman feel about the man?s study methods ?
A. Quite effective than expected.
B. She didn?t give comments.
C. Not effective at all.
16. What is “Distributed practice” involved according to the woman?
A. It involves hurriedly preparing for an exam.
B. It involves spreading out studying over time.
C. It involves absent-mindedly preparing for exams.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. How long will be the principle talk?
A. About fifteen minutes.
B. About twenty minutes.
C. About half an hour.
18. What will the director of studies talk about?
A. Tomorrow?s activities.
B. Next morning?s activities.
C. The courses and the different requirements.
19. Where will the freshmen go at 11o?clock?
A. The Main Hall.
B. The language lab.
C. Classroom 521.
20. Why will the freshmen take a test?
A. To watch a video.
B. To listen to a lecture.
C. To find their level of English.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
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21. One of the benefits mentioned in HD Magazines is that____________.
A. you can read Kindle Magazines with a 30-day free trial
B. readers can read magazines at any time and at any place
C. readers can only look through just a few magazines given
D. readers can take back issues home free of charge
22. What do you think of Ian Fleming?
A. A seller.
B. A film.
C. A book.
D. A writer.
23. How much will the reader probably save if he or she wants to buy Kindle eTextbooks at most?
A. 20 %.
B. 50%.
C. 58%.
D. 80%.
B
The highlight of my journey was to be Paris，the city I'd always longed to see．But now I was frightened to travel without a companion．I steeled myself and went anyway．I arrived at the train
station in Paris panicked．Pulling my red suitcase behind me，I was pushed by sweaty travelers . On my first Metro ride, I encountered a clumsy pickpocket．I melted him with a look，and he eased his hand from my purse to fade into the crowded car. At my stop，I carried my heavy suitcase up the steep stairs and froze in confusion．Somewhere in this confusing city my hotel was hidden，but suddenly I couldn?t read my own directions．I stopped two people．Both greeted me with that Parisian face that said："Yes, I speak English，but you'll have to struggle with your French if you want to talk to me."
When I finally found the hotel，my heart was pounding. Then when I saw my room．I couldn't stay．Could I? The wallpaper looked like it had been through a fire．The bathroom was down the hall，and the window looked out onto the brick wall of another building．Welcome to Paris．It was my third week away from home and my kids，and I had arrived in the most romantic city in the world, alone, lonely and very scared．
The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment．I knew that if I didn't go out，right then，and find a place to have dinner，I would hide in this place my entire time in Paris. I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual．So I went out．Evening in Paris was light and warm．I strolled along a winding path，listening to birds sing，watching children float toy sailboats in a huge fountain．Paris was beautiful．And I was here alone but suddenly not lonely．My sense of accomplishment at overcoming my fear had left me feeling free，not abandoned．
During my week's stay in Paris．I did everything there was to do，and it was the greatest week of my European vacation．I returned home a believer in the healing power of solitary travel．Traveling alone makes up for its problems by demanding self－reliance and building the kind of confidence that serves the single life well．Certainly Paris became my metaphor(比喻说法）for addressing life's challenges on my own．Now when I meet an obstacle I just say to myself: If I can go to Paris，I can go anywhere．
24. How did the two Parisians respond when the author turned to them?
A. They warmly offered her help.
B. They asked her to speak French.
C. They thought she should struggle to learn French.
D. They showed they were only willing to communicate in French.
25. Which of the following statements is NOT true ?
A. Her purse was stolen on her first Metro ride.
B. She had great trouble finding the hotel she had booked.
C. She might have felt abandoned before she decided to explore alone.
D. Her stay in Paris was the most memorable part of her journey.
26. The underlined word in the last paragraph probably means_________
A. make up for
B. deal with
C. come across
D. believe in
27. What did the author learn from her solitary trip in Paris?
A. Solitary travel can heal people?s wounds.
B. Traveling alone brings about many problems.
C. Traveling alone helps people become independent and confident.
D. Solitary travel in Paris makes it not a challenge to go anywhere.
C
Greg Evans started to study film at Ryerson University, but had a change of heart and switched to social work at George Brown College in second year．Yet the college recognized only one of Evans' general-interest credits（学分）from Ryerson , and also made him take English all over again although he had passed it at university．
“So I spent time and money taking a course I had already taken before”, complained Evans．"The system really needs to change．" Evans was part of a chorus of Ontario students on Monday cheering a new $ 73．7 million five-year plan to help students switch from college to university, and from university to college．
After years' of urging from students, the Ontario government set up a new Credit Transfer Innovation loud to help students move back and forth between the more hands-on courses of community college to the often broader academic focus of a university degree．" We hear horror stories about students who can't get recognition from one institution for a very similar course at another, and in one case I believe the same professor was teaching them both," noted Malloy after announcing the new fund．
Individual colleges and universities have decided on nearly 500 joint deals to honor each other's credits in certain courses．Each school is required to set targets for more credit-transfer agreements, and link these increases to provincial funding．
More than 4,000 college graduates transfer （转换）to university in Ontario every year twice as many as eight years ago, noted Justin Fox, president of the College Student Alliance．Yet Ontario universities and colleges have been cautious about transferring credits, in part to avoid copying each other's courses, noted Bonnie Patterson, president of the Council of Ontario Universities ,who welcomed the increased flexibility．
28.What happened when Greg Evans switched to social work at George Brown College?
A. He was considered to be unqualified for social work．
B. His previous credits were not all recognized．
C. He wasn't able to get enough credits．
D. His English didn't reach the required standard．
29.According to Paragraph 3, Malloy believes _____________
A. it is time that the system was changed
B. the same professor can't teach in different schools
C. students should focus on their chosen courses
D. the students' stories are horrible
30. Ontario universities and colleges have been cautious about transferring credits partly to
_____________.
A. avoid accepting unqualified students
B. keep their similar courses
C. prevent courses becoming similar
D. attract famous professors
31.What attitude does Bonnie Patterson have towards the transferring system?
A. He is strongly against it B．He is very doubtful about it
C. He thinks it is too flexible D．He supports it for its flexibility
D
Where do dogs come from?
Gray wolves are their ancestors. Scientists are pretty consistent about that. And researchers have suggested that dogs? origins can date back to Europe, the Near East, Siberia and South China. Central Asia is the newest and best candidate, according to a large study of dogs from around the world.
Laura M. Shannon and Adam R. Boyko at Cornell University, and an international group of other scientists, studied not only purebred(纯种的) dogs, but also street or village dogs.
Dr. Shannon analyzed three different kinds of DNA, Dr. Boyko said, the first time this has been done for such a large and diverse group of dogs from 38 countries. And that led them to Central Asia as the place of origin for dogs in much the same way that genetic studies have located the origin of modern humans in East Africa.
The analysis, Dr. Boyko said, pointed to Central Asia, as the place where “all the dogs alive today” come from. The data did not allow preci se dating of the origin, he said, but showed it occurred at least 15,000 years ago.
Greger Larson of Oxford University, who is leading a large international effort to analyze ancient DNA from fossilized bones, said he was impressed by the study. “It?s rea lly great to see not just the number of street dogs, but also the geographic breadth and the number of remote locations where the dogs were sampled,” he said in an email. He also praised the sampling of different kinds of DNA and the analytic methods.
Dr. Larson, who was not involved with the study, said he thought the Central Asia finding required further testing. He said he suspected that the origins of modern dogs were “extremely messy” and that no amount of sampling of living populations will be definit ive. He said a combination of studies of modern and ancient DNA is necessary.
32. According to the research on a large number of dogs, we can know____________.
A. dogs mainly lived in Europe and the Far East
B. dogs would like to live in Central Asia
C. dogs? ancestors come from gray wolves
D. the Near East has many gray wolves
33.What can we infer from what Dr. Boyko said?
A. There are three different kinds of DNA in dogs.
B. This is the second time they have done so many dogs.
C. They only do research on village dogs from many countries.
D. Modern humans are from East Africa while dogs come from Central Asia.
34. Greger Larson got a very deep impression of his study because he____________.
A. found the study based on many different dogs and the sample dogs? remote locations
B. saw the number of street dogs from fossilized bones
C. watched the geographic breadth of the sampled dogs
D. praised his teammates for their hard work on the dogs
35. Who wasn?t engaged in the study of dog s? origins?
A. Laura M. Shannon
B. Adam R. Boyko
C. Shannon and Boyko
D. Greger Larson
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We looked through the Styles archive(档案文件) of 2015, sorting through the many tips and
tricks throughout our stories. Our subjects are about what you wear, what you consume and how you love. 36
1. Wear comfortable underwear.
“I only wear granny panties(内裤),” said Julia Baylis, 22. Mayan Toledano, 27, added: “What?s sexy for us is being natural and com fortable.”37
2. Stare into the eyes of someone you love (or want to love) for exactly four minutes.
Not two. Not three. Four. “38 ” said Mandy Len Catron, the author of a Modern Love column on the exercise. “Four really takes effect.”
3. Be nice to babies.
Even if they're screaming on a plane. Nyfesha Miller became a social media star after taking care of her seatmate's crying infant on a flight earlier this year.
4. 39
It may be true that you can't really cure depression, so you can only get better at living with it. But raising a kitten（小猫）seemed to help one depressed man.
5. Make sure you are the boss of your electronic devices.
Rather than the other way around. 40 That?s the most important for us to keep the laws. 6. Enjoy the phrase 'I'm too old for this.'
“There is also something profoundly liberating about aging: an attitude, one that comes hard won,”wrote Dominique Browning. “Only when you hit 60 can you begin to say: …I?m too old for this.? This line is about to become my personal motto.”
A. Here are some tips for improving your existence in the coming year.
B. It?s only allowed to wear granny panties for the young.
C. Help a depressed man.
D. In other words, it?s our first choice to feel natural and at ease.
E. Get a pet.
F. Try making a few rules for when you do (and don't) use your phone.
G. Two minutes is just enough to be terrified.
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Those who believe that they will never do well in a particular area probably never will. Those who believe they are not good at 41 will forever feel unprepared. But those who believe that it is 42 to succeed at what they attempt can surprise themselves.
Adam was ready to 43 . His wife Anna, however, was less 44 . As she explained to a friend,” Adam has 45 done anything that required physical strength. When he retires, he will
sit in his easy chair and 46 me to bring him his food.”
But to Anna?s 47 , soon after her husband retired, he 48 a health club. Arriving home from exercise class one night, he announced,”I49 for the wrestling tournament. I am going to 50 Friday night.” Anna was sho c ked. “Please don?t do it., Adam. You?re not in51 . You will be so beat up that they will have to carry you home!” 52 , he couldn?t be persuaded and she told him that if he wanted really to do it, she was not going to watch.
53 to her word, she stayed away as Adam wrestled. And just as she 54 , two men carried Adam home. He 55 down on the bed, every muscle pained and wounded. 56 she could speak, he cried out,”Don?t say a(n)57 , Anna! This is not the worst of it. I 58
tonight. I have to wrestle again tomorrow night!”
Nothing 59 in your life until you believe you can do things that are important to you. And if you have a low 60 of yourself, nobody else is likely to raise it.
41. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
42. A. possible B. vital C. impossible D. important
43. A. travel B. retire C. resign D. leave
44. A. confident B. negative C. enthusiastic D. elegant
45. A. always B. often C. again D. never
46. A. expect B. warn C. invite D. urge
47. A. sorrow B. surprise C. delight D. relief
48. A. owned B. founded C. supported D. joined
49. A. signed up B. made up C. took up D. came up
50. A. prepare B. exercise C. wrestle D. consult
51. A. place B. shape C. trouble D. practice
52. A. Anyhow B. Moreover C. Therefore D. However
53. A. True B. Exact C. Opposite D. Relevant
54. A. advised B. promised C. predicted D. designed
55.A. settled B. lay C. sat D. laid
56. A. When B. After C. Before D. Until
57.A. plan B. idea C. goal D. word
58. A. lost B. won C. gained D. performed
59. A. changes B. happens C. recovers D. reacts
60. A. talent B. doubt C. opinion D. suggestion
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题满分50分）
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
We have all heard it: these are supposedly the best years of our lives. 61 are these years really the best years we will ever like? Or will we look back on these years with a sense of regret?
The best way 62 (ensure) we graduate high school regret-free is to step outside the bubble we live in and to step outside of the classrooms we are trapped in. 63 (gain) a sense of the greater picture---of how these years affect our future---will ground us in the 64. _______(decide) we make during these years. When we graduate, what will we wish we 65___ (do) differently?
When we base our thinking on this idea, suddenly our understanding will be a little bit 66___ (good). But more than that, we will ensure that we can look back with a positive feeling.
Of course, it is always difficult to be completely regret-free just by thinking about 67 ________we will regret in the future. Fortunately, here is a list of how to prevent some of the most common regrets:
Listen to 68 advice of joining clubs....but do not join too many.
Do not set limits on who you can be friends 69 , and do not judge people.
Get to know your teachers.
Have fun, but not too much fun. Stay true to 70 (you).
.........and so on.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear American guests,
On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. We are lucky to have us here in the middle of our English Week activities.
As being scheduled, we had English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is
develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and spoken. The programme consists in the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story told and so on. The Show will begin at two o?clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcomed to take part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit great from your presence.
I sincerely hope you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，计划寒假找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请根据要点（箭头所指内容）写一封申请信。
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节使行文连贯；
3. 开头已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mr. Smith,
I?ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children?s winter camp.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____
________________________________________________________
____________________
Yours,
Li Hua
九校联考英语答案
听力
1~5 BCCAA 6~10 CBABC 11~15 CBBBC 16~20 BACBC
阅读理解
21~23 ADB 24~ 27 DABC 28~31 BACD 32-35 CDAD
36~40 ADGEF
完形填空
41---45 CABCD 46---50 ABDAC 51---55 BDACB 56---60CDBAC
第二节语法填空短文填空
61. But ; 62.to ensure; 63. Gaining ; 64. decisions 65. had done 66.better 67. what 68. the 69. with 70.yourself
第一节改错
Dear American guests,
On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you. We are
lucky to have us here in the middle of our English Week activities. As being(删除)
you
scheduled, we had English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is ∧
have to
develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and spoken.
speaking
The programme consists in the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling,
of
story told and so on. The Show will begin at two o?clock this afternoon at
telling
the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcomed to take part in our activities. I
welcome
hope we students will benefit great from your presence.
greatly
I sincerely hope you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
wish
书面表达
Dear Mr. Smith,
I?ve read y our ad vertisement for an assistant teacher for a children?s winter camp. I?m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.
To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native teachers from England. I will be available for the work on evenings and weekends and can start working from the end of this term. I would really appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
听力录音材料
Text 1
M:It?s a perfect day for a picnic , isn?t it?
W:It sure is ! There isn?t a piece of cloud in the sky , and the wind is keeping it nice and cool. Text 2
W:Are you feeling better now？
M:Yes.And I?ve taken some medicine.I feel much better , thank you.
W:you?ll be well soon.
M:I hope so.By the way , what?s the latest news about Bill?
W:He had the flu for a couple of weeks , but he is fine now.
Text 3
W:You now , Jack , since I started speaking English all the time , my pronunciation?s getting better and even the grammar?s beginning to make some sense . But I don?t think I?ll ever be able to spell. M:You?re not alone there.I have trouble with spelling , too.
Text 4
M:I?m so worried I?m going to do the wrong thing.
W:Just take it easy , Mike.I?m sure everything will be fine.
M:I hope so.
W:When you meet the boss , the most important thing is to look him in the eye , smile , and shake hands.
Text 5
W:I certainly would like to buy the brown suit I saw in the department store , but I don?t have enough money.
M:Well , if you would plan the spending of your money more carefully , you would be able to buy it.
Text 6
W:May I help you?
W:I can?t find the book I want .
W:Why don?t you try looking at the database ?
M:I checked it already.
W:Do we have it available?
M:It wasn?t there .
W:I guess it is lost.
M:Will you be getting another copy?
W:Yes , we will.
M:Could you reserve a copy for me?
W:I can do that.
M:That?s great.Thanks a lot.
Text 7
W:Of course , sir . Oh , before you go would you be able to settle the mini-bar bill?
M:Oh yes certainly.How much will that be?
W:Let?s see.The bill comes to $37.50 . How would you like to pay for that?
M:I?ll pay with my Visa card , thanks , but I?ll need a receipt so I can charge it to my company. W:Absolutely. Here we are sir . If you like you can leave your bags with the porter and he can load them onto the shuttle for you when it arrives.
M:That would be great , thank you .
Text 8
W:Hello ,Dad , this is Maria. I?m on Highway 101 .I stopped the car and I can?t get it started again. What should I do?
M:Okay don?t worry. Is the car on the side of the road ?
W:Yes,it is.
M:That?s good. First you should put up the hood. Then tie a white piece of cloth onto the antenna. That way people will know you are in trouble.
W:Should I turn on the headlight?
M:No , you shouldn?t . You?ll use out all the energy in the battery that way. Just turn on the flashlights. Then lock the doors of the car and wait for me to come. Maria , don?t turn on the radio. It also uses too much energy.
W:Please hurry , Dad. It?s dark and lonely here.
M:I?ll be there in twenty minutes.
Text 9
M:I just scored 70 points this time.
W:Did you? But you studied really hard !
M:And I went over all the contents as the teachers directed.
W:You must have hurriedly prepared for the final exams.
M:Yes , I spent a whole week reciting the knowledge points.
W:Do you know your common study methods are not effective at all?
M:Not effective at all? They are the most-used approaches to studying.
W:But they don?t actually guarantee great grades as expected at all.
M:Do you highlight texts , reread , underline?
W:Right. I use these methods to review.
M:Remember the new method from now on. Just carry on “Distributed practice”?
W:It involves spreading out studying over time rather than hurriedly preparing for an exam.
M:Sounds reasonable!
Text 10
Good evening , ladies and gentlemen. Attention please. I am glad to inform you of tomorrow?s activities for freshmen. Firstly , let me read you a booklet. It tells you a bit more about the school , the courses and the social activities we offer. Now , on the first page , there?s an outline of next morning?s activities. At 10 o?clock , all the new students will gather in the Main Hall to meet the principal and the rest of the staff. The principal?s talk will last about fifteen minutes and then the director of studies will talk to you for half an hour about the courses and the different requirements for each. After that , the student adviser will tell you about the various services and activities we offer to students. After that we?ll go to the language lab at 11 o?clock. There you?ll have a test to help us find your level of English so that we can put you in the right class. We still have a couple of things to do in the afternoon. At 2 p.m. , you?ll watch a video about the school life in classroom 521 , Main Building. At 4 , a lecture about course registration will be given.
研究高考小说真题,提高2020小说备考的针对性.pdf
研究 2019 年高考小说真题，提高 2020 备考的针对性 小说阅读高考考查的重点是什么？小 说阅读复习的重点是什么？ 向高考真题问命题原则复习策略。 高考真题:全国一卷《理水》，全国二卷《小步舞》，全国三卷《到梨花屯去》. 命题原则：选材多样，体现社会热点，主题培养学生继承传统文化关心思考国家变化时代，理解时代洪流，体现了考查学生阅读能力关注社会以德树人的标准；注重知识系统性，高考考点与教材知识点衔接。如：鲁迅的《理水》，可以通过初高中学过的鲁迅作品，理解这篇小说的主旨以及风格；联系莫泊桑的《我的叔叔于勒》《项链》，解读《小舞步》。 所以小说选材要多样化：主题体现社会正能量，以中国小说为主；以知名作家为主，通过阅读小说拓展深化教材，提高小说鉴赏能力；以社会政治热点和文化热点为主，培养学生参与社会能力。 7.下列对本文相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3 分）（2019 全国Ⅰ 卷） A.第一段中，洪灾中的民间疾苦被筵宴上大啖酒肉的大员们转化为“ 水乡沿 途的风景” 等谈资，这不仅是讽刺，更表达了忧愤。 B.鲁迅善以细节传神，文中写胖大官员脸上“ 流出着一层油汗” ，与写祥林 嫂“ 眼珠间或一轮” 一样，都是以外在细节刻画人物内在特征。 C.针对禹提出的“导”的治水方法，众大员软硬兼施，口口声声“老大人”，是 以所谓“ 孝” 给禹施压，实质上还是反对禹的变革。 D.文中有意使用“ 水利局” “ 时装表演” “ 摩登” 等现代词语，以游戏笔墨 颠覆了“ 大禹治水” 的严肃性与真实性，从而传达出历史的虚无感。 7.下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3 分）（2019 全国Ⅱ 卷） A.“ 我” 初见老舞蹈师时见他拿着一根手杖，后来得知这是德·克莱蒙伯爵送 给他的一件礼物，二者不仅前后照应，也暗示着人世的沧桑。 B.老舞蹈师在一个早晨，“ 以为周围没有人，便做起一连串奇怪的动作来”，他 之所以避开别人，是因为他出身高贵、性情高傲、孤芳自赏。 C.老舞蹈师夫妇跳完小步舞之后，“ 忽然出人意料地相拥着哭起来” ，这种失 态其实是一种宣泄，说明当时他们的内心压抑痛苦。 D.小说注重从小事中感受大时代，虽然“ 我” 与老舞蹈师夫妇的相遇相识十分平常，但偶尔提到的“ 国王路易十五时代” ，却使寻常故事有了历史感。7．下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3 分）（2019全国Ⅲ卷） A.小说中的“ 包队” “ 定产到组” 等词语，以及关于“ 安徽” 的报道，都指向 改革初期的现实，在今天又使小说具有记录历史的意味。 B.谢主任感慨报道中基层干部的“ 肩膀硬” ，而赶车老人随后提及这一带做挑 抬活路的农民们“ 肩膀最硬” ，对谢主任予以嘲讽与回击。 C.小说前半部分描写了两个下乡干部逐步消除因挖沟曾产生的隔阂，后半部 分转而描写赶车老人讲述填沟等往事，进一步深化了时代主题。 D.小说多次写到路，“ 拐弯” “ 爬坡” “ 重新展现” “ 越来越平坦” 等，既是 写实，又使最后一段自然地传达出“ 柳暗花明又一村” 的愿景。
2017高考全国2卷理科数学试题及答案
2017高考全国2卷理科数学试题及答案
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科数学 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的 1. =++i i 13（ ） A 、i 21+ B 、i 21- C 、i +2 D 、i -2 2、设集合} 04|{},4,2,1{2 =+-==m x x x B A ，若} 1{=B A I ，则= B （ ） A 、}3,1{- B 、}0,1{ C 、}3,1{ D 、}5,1{ 3、我国古代数学名著《算法统宗》中有如下问题：“远望巍巍塔七层，红光点点倍加增，共灯三百八十一，请问尖头几盏灯？”意思是：一座７层塔共挂了381盏灯，且相邻两层中的下一层灯数是上一层灯数的2倍，则塔的顶层共有灯 （ ） A 、1盏 B 、3盏 C 、5盏 D 、9盏 4、如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗实线画出的是某几何体的三视图，该几何体由一平
面将一圆柱截取一部分所得，则该几何体的体积为 （ ） A 、90π B 、63π C 、42π D 、36π 5、设y x ,满足约束条件?? ? ??≥+≥+-≤-+0303320 332y y x y x ，则y x z +=2的最小 值为 （ ） A 、15- B 、9- C 、1 D 、9 6、安排3名志愿者完成4项工作，每人至少完成1项，每项工作由1人完成，则不同的安排方式共有 （ ） A 、12种 B 、18种 C 、24种 D 、36种 7、甲、乙、丙、丁四位同学一起去向老师询问 成语竞赛的成绩。老师说：你们四人中有2位优秀，2位良好，我现在给甲看乙、丙的成绩，给乙看丙的成绩，给丁看甲的成绩。
历届成人高考数学分类试题
历届成人高考分类试题 第1讲集合与简易逻辑 【最近七年考题选】 2001 年 1、设全集M={1,2,3,4,5}，N={2,4,6}，T={4,5,6},则(M T) N 是( ) (A) {2,4,5,6} (B) {4,5,6} (C) {1,2,3,4,5,6} (D) {2,4,6} 2、命题甲：A=B,命题乙：sinA=sinB.贝9( ) (A) 甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件 (B) 甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件 (C) 甲是乙的充分必要条件 (D) 甲不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件 2002 年 1、设集合A {1,2}，集合B {2,3,5}，则A B等于() A. {2} B ? {1,2,3,5} C .{1,3} D .{2,5} 2、设甲:x 3，乙：x 5,则() A.甲是乙的充分条件但不是必要条件 B.甲是乙的必要条件但不是充分条件 C. 甲是乙的充分必要条件 D. 甲不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件 2003 年 1、设集合M { x, y | x2 y21},集合N 2 2 { x, y |x y 2},则集合M与集合N的关系是() A. M N M B . M N C . N M D .M N 9、设甲：k 1且b 1,乙：直线y kx b与y x平行，则() A.甲是乙的必要条件但不是乙的充分条件 B ?甲是乙的充分条件但不是乙的必要条件 C. 甲不是乙的必要条件也不是乙的充分条件 D. 甲是乙的充分必要条件 2004 年 1、设集合M a,b,c,d , N a,b,c ，则集合M N=() A. a, b, c B . d C a,b, c, d D 2、设甲：四边形ABCD是平行四边形，乙：四边形ABCD是正方形，则( ) A.甲是乙的充分不必要条件 B ?甲是乙的必要不充分条件 C.甲是乙的充分必要条件 D .甲不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件 2005 年 1、设集合P= {1 , 2,3 , 4,5}，集合Q= {2,4 , 6,8 , 10}，贝U PA Q= A、{2,4} B {1,2 , 3,4 , 5,6 , 8, 10} C、{2} D 、{4} 7、设命题甲：k=1 , 命题乙：直线y=kx与直线y=x+1平行，则 A、甲是乙的必要条件但不是乙的充分条件 B甲是乙的充分条件但不是乙的必要条件 C甲不是乙的充分条件也不是乙的必要条件
论文：近几年全国高考理综物理试题研究
近几年全国高考物理试题题型研究 杨大伟朱多跃 新疆呼图壁县第一中学 831200 关键词：物理高考题型 我们主要研究了近三年来的全国理综试卷，对试卷考查的知识点、题型、深度和命题方向进行了分析。 一、对近几年试卷的总体评价 1.较好地体现了命题指导思想与原则 三年来，命题遵循了教育部颁布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试分省命题工作暂行管理办法》，坚持“有助于高等学校选拔人才、有助于中等学校实施素质教育和有助于扩大高校办学自主权”的原则，体现了“立足于平稳过渡，着眼于正确导向，确保试题宽严适度”的指导思想。 2.试卷既遵循考试大纲，又体现地方特色 三年的试题严格按照《当年的普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》和《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》的规定和要求命制试题，命题思路清晰，试题科学规范，未出现科学性、知识性错误；坚持能力立意，注重基础，突出主干知识；考查考生所学物理、化学、生物课程基础知识、基本技能的掌握程度和综合运用所学知识分析、解决问题的能力。 3.试卷有较好的区分度，难度在合理范围控制试题难度，确保区分效果，三年的全卷的平均得分率为0.57，达到了较佳的区分度，总体来看具有较高的信度、效度，合理的区分度和适当的难度，有利于人才的选拔；有利于中学教学，引导教学和复习回归教材。 4．注重理论联系实际 试题联系生产和生活实际，联系现代科技，强调知识应用，贴近生活，学以致用。 5．体现新课标精神，凸现了科学探究能力的考查 试卷注意体现了当前课程改革的精神和新课标的内容以及科学探究能力的考
查，对课程改革起着良好导向作用． 6．突出学科特点，强调实验能力的考查 有鲜明的理科特色，而实验题与教材联系更加紧密，坚持“来源于教材，但不拘泥教材”的思想，对中学实验教学有很好的指导作用。 7. 试题结构非常稳定，难度有变化但幅度不大，试题由浅入深，由易到难，提高了物理试题的区分度，体现了“以能力立意”的命题原则. 8.考查的知识点的覆盖率较高，注重回归教材，这对促进考生注重双基，全面复习，减少投机有良好的导向作用。特别注重了对牛顿第二定律、力和运动、功能关系、动量、机械能、电场、电磁感应等主干知识的考查。易中难的比例大约为1：7：2 。 二、对学生的考查 （一）对学生知识能力的考查 全国高考理综试卷物理部份试题以高中物理的主干知识为主考查。从“运动和力”方面考查的主要有：匀速直线运动、竖直平面内的圆周运动、类平抛运动、物体间的相互作用、粒子在电场与磁场中的运动、闭合线圈（或导线）切割磁感线等。从“能量与守恒”方面考查的有：动能、势能（重力势能、弹性势能、电势能、分子势能等）、核能、内能、动能定理、机械能守恒定律、热力学第一定律等。考查的模型主要有天体运动、弹簧体问题、连接体问题、平抛运动和类平抛运动、导体或闭合线圈在磁场中运动、物体间相互作用及碰撞等。 （二）对学生应用能力的考查 高考物理试题会越来越与新课程思想接轨，对学生应用能力的考查越来越突出。要求考生关注科学技术与社会、经济发展的联系，注重物理在生产、生活等方面的应用。试题注重考查学生的一种学生能力、应用能力，比如提取信息、处理信息的能力等。08年Ⅰ卷中要求估算太阳、地球对月球的万有引力比值，Ⅱ卷中最后一道“嫦娥一号”绕月运动时微波信号发射到地球的实际情况等。其它还有估算云层的高度、学生的接力赛、运动员从下蹲到起跳等都是学生所熟悉的生活实际问题。
2017年高考真题——全国2卷理科标准答案
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅱ卷） 理科数学 1．解析 ()()()() 3i 1i 3i 2i 1i 1i 1i +-+==-++-.故选D. 2．解析1是方程240x x m -+=的解，1x =代入方程得3m =， 所以2430x x -+=的解为1x =或3x =，所以{}13B =，.故选C. 3．解析设顶层灯数为1a ，2=q ，()7171238112 -= =-a S ，解得13a =．故选B. 4．解析该几何体可视为一个完整的圆柱减去一个高为6的圆柱的一半． 2211 π310π3663π22=-=??-???=V V V 总上.故选B. 5．解析目标区域如图所示，当直线2y =x+z -取到点()63--，时，所求z 最小值为15-． 故选A. 6．解析只能是一个人完成2份工作，剩下2人各完成一份工作．由此把4份工作分成3份 再全排得23 43C A 36?=.故选D. 7．解析四人所知只有自己看到，老师所说及最后甲说的话． 甲不知自己成绩→乙、丙中必有一优一良，（若为两优，甲会知道自己成绩；两良亦然）→乙看了丙成绩，知自己成绩→丁看甲，甲、丁中也为一优一良，丁知自己成绩．故选D. 8．解析0S =，1k =，1a =-代入循环得，7k =时停止循环，3S =．故选B.
9．解析 取渐近线b y x a = ，化成一般式0bx ay -=，圆心()20， 得224c a =，24e =，2e =．故选A. 10．解析M ，N ，P 分别为AB ，1BB ，11B C 中点，则1AB ，1BC 夹角为MN 和NP 夹角或其补角（异面线所成角为π02? ? ?? ?，） ，可知112MN AB == ，1122NP BC ==， 作BC 中点Q ，则可知PQM △为直角三角形．1=PQ ，1 2 MQ AC = ABC △中，2222cos AC AB BC AB BC ABC =+-??∠14122172?? =+-???-= ??? ，=AC 则MQ = ，则MQP △ 中，MP =， 则PMN △中，222cos 2MN NP PM PNM MH NP +-∠= ? ?2 2 2 +-==. 又异面线所成角为π02? ? ??? ， ．故选C. 11．解析()()21 21e x f x x a x a -'??=+++-???， 则()()324221e 01f a a a -'-=-++-?=?=-????， 则()()211e x f x x x -=--?，()()212e x f x x x -'=+-?， 令()0f x '=，得2x =-或1x =， 当2x <-或1x >时，()0f x '>，当21x -<<时，()0f x '<， 则()f x 极小值为()11f =-.故选A. 12．解析解法一（几何法）：如图所示，2PB PC PD +=u u u r u u u r u u u r （D 为BC 中点），
历届数学高考试题精选——等比数列
历届高考中的“等比数列”试题精选 一、选择题：（每小题5分，计50分） 1.(2008福建理)设｛a n｝是公比为正数的等比数列,若,a5=16, 则数列｛a n｝前7项的和为（） A.63 B.64 C.127 D.128 2.（2007福建文)等比数列{a n}中，a4=4,则a2·a6等于（） A.4 B.8 C.16 D.32 3.（2007重庆文）在等比数列{a n}中，a2＝8，a5＝64，则公比q为（） （A）2 （B）3 （C）4 （D）8 4.(2005江苏)在各项都为正数的等比数列中，首项，前三项和为21，则=（） A．84 B．72 C．33 D．189 5. (2008海南、宁夏文、理)设等比数列的公比，前n项和为，则（） A. 2 B. 4 C. D. 6.（2004全国Ⅲ卷文）等比数列中，，则的前4项和为（） A．81 B．120 C．168 D．192 7.(2004春招安徽文、理)已知数列满足， （），则当时，＝（） （A）2n（B）（C）（D） 8.(2006辽宁理)在等比数列中,,前项和为,若数列也是等比数列,则等于( ) (A)(B) (C) (D)
9.(2006湖北理)若互不相等的实数成等差数列,成等比数列,且,则( ) A．4 B．2 C．－2 D．－4 10.(2007海南、宁夏文)已知成等比数列，且曲线 的顶点是，则等于（） Ａ．3 Ｂ．2 Ｃ．1 Ｄ． 二、填空题：（每小题5分，计20分） 11.（2006湖南文）若数列满足：，2，3….则 . 12.(2004全国Ⅰ卷文)已知等比数列{则该数列的通 项= . 13．（2005湖北理）设等比数列的公比为q，前n项和为S n，若S n+1,S n，S n+2成等差数列，则q的值为. 14.（2002北京文、理）等差数列中，a1=2，公差不为零，且a1， a3，a11 恰好是某等比数列的前三项，那么该等比数列公比的值等于_____________. 三、解答题：（15、16题各12分，其余题目各14分） 15.（2006全国Ⅰ卷文）已知为等比数列，，求 的通项式。
高考历史试题分类大全
中学历史教学园地《名题精解》栏目分课汇总（岳麓版） 史学常识 名题分解 整理人：龚哲山（福建莆田五中历史组） 一、选择题 1．（2011·天津文综·1）下列各组古今地名对应正确的是（） ①大都--北京②汴梁--开封③临安--苏州④益州--成都 A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 【解析】B 本题考查古今地名对照，意在考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度。可用排除法，临安是今天的浙江杭州，故排除③即可。 2．（2011·福建文综·13）1925 年初，土耳其改革者发动对旧式礼拜帽的批判，引起了社会上的强烈不满，但欧式帽还是在土耳其流行起来。在百姓中最流行的是鸭舌帽，因为在做礼拜时可以把帽舌反过来朝后戴，前额依旧可以贴在地上。这种现象反映了（） A．现代与传统之间的一种妥协 B．现代是假，传统是真 C．传统是假，现代是真 D．百姓被迫戴鸭舌帽并改变信仰 【解析】A 本题的时代背景是土尔其凯末尔革命中的政教分离。从题干信息分析可知，代表现代的欧式帽虽遭遇强烈不满，但最终还是被接受了，但做礼拜时还是把帽舌反过来朝后戴，可见人们在接受现代生活方式的同时也没有完全摒弃旧的礼仪，同时“前额依旧可以贴在地上”反映了人们依旧可以进行作礼拜祷告，是传统的体现，故选A项。欧式帽最终还是被人们接受了，所以现代也是真，排除B项。做礼拜时还是把帽舌反过来朝后戴，传统也没被完全摒弃，仍然存在，也是真，排除C项。D项中所谓的信仰与材料的信息不符，排除D项。3．（2011·浙江文综·14）有学者根据材料一“昔汴都数百万家，尽仰石炭（煤），无一家燃薪（木柴）者”，得出宋代开封生活燃料已用煤取代木柴的结论；又有学者根据材料二“赐在京（汴都）官员柴、炭各有差，柴578万，炭585万”，对上述结论予以反驳。下列说法中最为合理的是 A．两位学者所用材料相互矛盾，结论都不能成立
2018高考真题英语全国2卷
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷） 英语 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19. 15. B. ￡9. 18. C. ￡9. 15. 答案是C。 1. What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4. What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A dish. 5. What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题 1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When will Judy go to a party? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 7. What will Max do next? A. Fly a kite. B. Read a magazine. C. Do his homework. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What does the man suggest doing at first? A. Going to a concert. B. Watching a movie. C. Playing a computer game.
历年全国理科数学高考试题立体几何部分精选(含答案)
（一） 1.在一个几何体的三视图中，正视图和俯视图如 右图所示，则相应的俯视图可以为 2.已知矩形ABCD的顶点都在半径为4的球O的球面上，且6,23 ==,则棱锥 AB BC -的体积为。 O ABCD 3.如图，四棱锥P—ABCD中，底面ABCD为平行四 边形，∠DAB=60°,AB=2AD,PD⊥底面ABCD. (Ⅰ)证明：PA⊥BD； (Ⅱ)若PD=AD，求二面角A-PB-C的余弦值。
（一） 1.D 2.83 3. 解：（Ⅰ）因为60,2DAB AB AD ∠=?=， 由余弦定理得3BD AD = 从而BD 2+AD 2= AB 2，故BD ⊥AD 又PD ⊥底面ABCD ，可得BD ⊥PD 所以BD ⊥平面PAD. 故 PA ⊥BD （Ⅱ）如图，以D 为坐标原点，AD 的长为单位长，射线DA 为x 轴的正半轴建立空间直角坐标系D-xyz ，则 ()1,0,0A ，()03,0B ，，()1,3,0C -，()0,0,1P 。 (1,3,0),(0,3,1),(1,0,0)AB PB BC =-=-=- 设平面PAB 的法向量为n=（x ，y ，z ），则0,0,{n AB n PB ?=?= 即 30 30x y y z -+=-= 因此可取n=(3,1,3) 设平面PBC 的法向量为m ，则 m 0,m 0,{PB BC ?=?= 可取m=（0，-1，3-） 27cos ,727 m n ==- 故二面角A-PB-C 的余弦值为 27-
（二） 1. 正方体ABCD-1111A B C D 中，B 1B 与平面AC 1D 所成角的余弦值为 A 23 B 33 C 23 D 63 2. 已知圆O 的半径为1，PA 、PB 为该圆的两条切线，A 、B 为俩切点，那么PA PB ?的最小值为 (A) 42-+ (B)32-+ (C) 422-+ (D)322-+ 3. 已知在半径为2的球面上有A 、B 、C 、D 四点，若AB=CD=2,则四面体ABCD 的体积的最大值为 (A) 23 (B)43 (C) 23 (D) 83 4. 如图，四棱锥S-ABCD 中，SD ⊥底面ABCD ，AB//DC ，AD ⊥DC ，AB=AD=1， DC=SD=2，E 为棱SB 上的一点，平面EDC ⊥平面SBC . （Ⅰ）证明：SE=2EB ； （Ⅱ）求二面角A-DE-C 的大小 .
2010年全国高考历史试题及答案-上海
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 历史试题 考生注意： 1．考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。 2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂(选择题）或写(非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。 3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名．并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。 4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。每题只有一个正确选项。） 1．新石器时代，人类引来了第一场重大的经济革命，其标志是 A．农耕逐渐取代采集B．采集逐渐取代狩猎 C．狩猎逐渐取代驯养D．渔猎逐渐取代采集 2．文学是西方文化的载体，其源头可追溯到古代世界，其中对西方文化产生重要影响的是A．《大藏经》、《荷马史诗》B．《旧约全书》、《古兰经》 C．《荷马史诗》、《旧约全书》D．《古兰经》、《荷马史诗》 3．汉代以来，某地出土了数以千计的青铜重器，青铜铭文多涉及诸侯战争、土地交换等内容。学者推断此地应是 A．夏人的活动地域B．周朝的重要都城 C．秦朝的阿房宫遗址D．汉初同姓王的封国 4．春秋战国时代，诸子百家讲政治时大多站在民众一边，替百姓打算，唯有一家与其他各家不同，为君主参谋，专替君主打算。这一家是 A．儒家B．法家C．道家D．墨家 5．西欧中世纪庄园和东汉后期庄园的共同特点是 A．主人和农民之间有雇佣关系B．具有商品货币关系 C．有自营地和份地的区别D．自给自足的经济体 6．一个唐朝商人从长安出发，沿着丝绸之路的陆路通道行走。途中可以与他进行贸易的的国家和地区有 A．西域、大食、波斯 B．大食、波斯、新罗 C．西域、日本、大食 D．波斯、新罗、日本 7．人们在一座古老建筑的墙上发现了一幅画（右图）它反映了西欧中 世纪某个阶段的政教关系。其特征是 A．教皇拥有至高无上的权威。 B．教皇成了君主的人质 C．教皇和君主各执权柄、互不干涉 D．教皇和君主相互依存、相互利用
几道高考试题的研究
几道高考试题的研究 [试题]1、研究发现，烯烃在合适催化剂作用下可以双键断裂、两端基因重新组合成新烯烃。若CH2＝C(CH3)CH2CH3与CH2＝CHCH2CH3的混合物发生该类反应，则新生成烯烃中共平面的碳原子数可能为 A．2，3，4 B．3，4，5 C．4，5，6 D．5，6，7 [疑问]本小题是2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）化学第一大题第9小题试卷第一道大题，为单项选择题，每小题只有一个答案正确。但我们认为该题应有两个正确答案，C 和D。 [分析]本题的命题背景选材于2005年诺贝尔化学奖成果有关的烯烃复分解反应。２０世纪５０年代，人们首次发现，在金属化合物的催化作用下，烯烃里的碳－碳双键会被拆散、重组，形成新分子，这种过程被命名为烯烃复分解反应。 在烯烃分子里，两个碳原子就像双人舞的舞伴一样，拉着双手在跳舞。烯烃复分解反应原理如下图： 该题CH2＝C(CH3)CH2CH3与CH2＝CHCH2CH3双键断裂、两端基团重新组合成新烯烃应该有四种可能的形式： a. CH2＝CH2， b. CH3 CH2CH＝C(CH3)CH2CH3， c. CH3 CH2CH＝CHCH2CH3， d.CH3 CH2(CH3) C＝C(CH3)CH2CH3。 新生成烯烃中共平面的碳原子数分别为： a中只有2个； b中有三种情况，可能为5、6、7； c中有三种情况，可能为4、5、6； d中有三种情况，可能为6、7、8。
[建议]该题改为“若CH 2＝C(CH 3)CH 2CH 3与CH 2＝CHCH 2CH 3分子间发生该类反应”，新生成的烯烃只有两种a. CH 2＝CH 2，b. CH 3CH 2CH ＝C(CH 3)CH 2CH 3，则新生成烯烃中共平面的碳原子数CH 2＝CH 2分子为2个；CH 3CH 2CH ＝C(CH 3)CH 2CH 3分子中5个、6个、7个均可能，此时比较本题设置的4个选项，正确的选项就只有一个D 符合题意了。 [试题]2、某仓库工作人员违章操作，在雨天转运“保险粉”引起爆炸。“保险粉”学名为连二亚硫酸钠（Na 2S 2O 4）,主要用于印染工业作为还原剂，该化学品在潮湿的空气中极不稳定，易分解并引起燃烧，在90℃时发生爆炸。该反应的化学方程式为：2Na 2S 2O 4= Na 2S 2O 3+ Na 2SO 3+_______。因此，该化学品通常在通风、——————、阴凉处密闭贮存。发生爆炸时，现场会扬起大量的白色烟雾。粉末漂浮在空气中并四处扩散。尽快逃生的正确做法是——————（填写正确选项的字母） A.用干毛巾捂住口鼻 B. 用湿毛巾捂住口鼻 C. 顺风远离现场 D. 逆风远离现场 [疑问]该题第一空、第二空没有什么争议。第三空答案为B 、D ，我们认为D 答案是不严谨的。 [分析]该题以“保险粉”连二亚硫酸钠（Na 2S 2O 4）为背景进行命题，考察学生的思维能力和对信息的分析能力。连二亚硫酸钠为白色结晶粉末。极易溶于水，不溶于醇。在水溶液中不稳定，受潮则分解发热并易引起燃烧。加热到75oC 以上分解，发热并放出二氧化硫。具有强还原性。由于无水连二亚硫酸钠的性质很不稳定，通常成品中加入一定量的稳定剂。 此题“保险粉”爆炸时现场会扬起大量的白色烟雾。粉末漂浮在空气中并四处扩散同时还放出二氧化硫气体，综合考虑应用湿毛巾捂住口鼻。但远离现场的方向应根据人所处的具体位置而定。一般情况下，“人逆风远离现场”是没有问题的。但命题者忽略了一种情况（见下图）。 也就是风先经过爆炸源，再吹向人。此时人如果逆风离开现场，就是向爆炸源跑，穿过爆炸源再远离现场，更加危险。如果人顺风远离现场，中毒的可能性仍然会很大。此时最佳的选择是垂直于风向远离，也就是横着跑。 [建议]该题应告诉学生人与爆炸源所处的不同位置，以及风向，否则一律选择“人逆风远离现场”是不科学、不严谨的。 风向 风向 人 爆炸源
2019年全国卷2理综高考试题(含答案)
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历年高考数学真题精选45 排列组合
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历年全国理科数学高考试题立体几何部分精选(含答案)
1.在一个几何体的三视图中，正视图和俯视图如 右图所示，则相应的俯视图可以为 2.已知矩形ABCD的顶点都在半径为4的球O的球面上，且6,23 ==,则棱锥 AB BC -的体积为。 O ABCD 3.如图，四棱锥P—ABCD中，底面ABCD为平行四 边形，∠DAB=60°,AB=2AD,PD⊥底面ABCD. (Ⅰ)证明：PA⊥BD； (Ⅱ)若PD=AD，求二面角A-PB-C的余弦值。
2.83 3. 解：（Ⅰ）因为60,2DAB AB AD ∠=?=， 由余弦定理得3BD AD = 从而BD 2+AD 2= AB 2，故BD ⊥AD 又PD ⊥底面ABCD ，可得BD ⊥PD 所以BD ⊥平面PAD. 故 PA ⊥BD （Ⅱ）如图，以D 为坐标原点，AD 的长为单位长，射线DA 为x 轴的正半轴建立空间直角坐标系D-xyz ，则 ()1,0,0A ，()03,0B ，，() 1,3,0C -，()0,0,1P 。 (1,3,0),(0,3,1),(1,0,0)AB PB BC =-=-=- 设平面PAB 的法向量为n=（x ，y ，z ），则0, 0,{ n AB n PB ?=?= 即 3030 x y y z -+=-= 因此可取n=(3,1,3) 设平面PBC 的法向量为m ，则 m 0, m 0, { PB BC ?=?= 可取m=（0，-1，3-） 27 cos ,727 m n = =- 故二面角A-PB-C 的余弦值为 27 7 -
1. 正方体ABCD-1111A B C D 中，B 1B 与平面AC 1D 所成角的余弦值为 A 23 B 33 C 2 3 D 63 2. 已知圆O 的半径为1，PA 、PB 为该圆的两条切线，A 、B 为俩切点，那么PA PB ?的最小值为 (A) 42-+ (B)32-+ (C) 422-+ (D)322-+ 3. 已知在半径为2的球面上有A 、B 、C 、D 四点，若AB=CD=2,则四面体ABCD 的体积的最大值为 (A) 23 (B)43 (C) 23 (D) 83 4. 如图，四棱锥S-ABCD 中，SD ⊥底面ABCD ，AB ⊥⊥（Ⅰ）证明：SE=2EB ； （Ⅱ）求二面角A-DE-C 的大小 .