高考语法填空解题技巧

语法填空旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语用知识

的掌握情况，着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。这一题型着重在语篇层面考查考生的语法分析能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的灵活运用。

解题步骤

1. 通读全文、明确大意

在通读全文的过程中，弄清文章的体裁、题材(话题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落层次等，这不仅有利于考生读懂全文大意，也有利于在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。2. 边读边填、先易后难了解了文章大意之后，就可以着手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到无法确定答案的空时，先跳过去，利用下文的内容提示，或在核查时进一步联系上、下文进行推理解答。3. 验证复查、清除难点在答题时间充足的情况下，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案填进短文中并进行通读，最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。

应试技巧

有提示词

(1) 给出的提示词是名词对名词的考查主要涉及在特定的语境中考查名词的数（包括可数名词的单复数形式，名词的可数性和不可数性及它们之间的转化等）、名词的所有格、名词转换成其他词性等。

【高考例题1】

No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in

various (activity) on Earth Day. (2019北京卷)

【试题解析】activities。空格前面有形容词various修饰，故空格处填activity 的复数形式，表示“各种各样的活动”。

【高考例题2】

We are so proud of her. It’s (wonder). (2019全国卷II)

【试题解析】wonderful。设空处作前面系动词is的表语，表示It的特征，故填wonderful。

(2) 给出的提示词是人称代词每个人称代词有主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词五种形式。以代词I为例，它有I, me, my, mine和myself这五种形式。需要针对提示词在句中的语法功能确定正确形式。

【高考例题】Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. (2019北京卷)

【试题解析】myself。此处指低声对自己说，句子的主语和宾语指同一个人，故填myself。

(3) 给出的提示词是动词如果括号内提供的是动词，首先判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。

【高考例题】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends

I (make) over the years. (2019全国卷II)

【试题解析】have made。friends后为定语从句。根据后面的时间状语over the years 可知，空格处用现在完成时，故填have made。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所填动词就是非谓语动词，需要确定是填V-ing形式，V-ed形式，还是动词不定式。

【高考例题】On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国卷III)

【试题解析】listening。设空处在此处作状语，表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we 之间在逻辑上是主动关系，故填listening。有时，需要根据英语单词的派生或其他变化规则填入所给单词的正确形式。

【高考例题】When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. (2019全国卷III)

【试题解析】competition。设空处作know of的宾语，结合空格前的an interesting 可知，此处应填compete的名词形式。

(4) 给出的提示词是形容词、副词如果括号内给出的提示词是形容词或副词，可能会考查这两种词性的互换，或考查比较级和最高级。

【高考例题1】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000 - 25,000 polar bears worldwide. (2019全国卷I)

【试题解析】poorly。由于空格处所填单词在句中修饰动词studied，故填poor

的副词形式。

【高考例题2】Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are. (2019全国卷I)

【试题解析】higher。根据空格后的than可知，此处需填形容词的比较级形式。

无提示词

如果短文没有给出提示词，通常需要考生根据上下文语境在空格中填入冠词、代词、介词、连词或副词等。

(1) 考查冠词名词前面若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能需要填上一个冠词。

【高考例题】When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it

was joke. (2019全国卷II)

【试题解析】a。joke为可数名词，意为“玩笑”，在此处表示泛指，故填a。(2) 考查介词一般来说，名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面通常需要填上介词。

【高考例题】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The

answer this question is not clear. (2019浙江卷)

【试题解析】to。名词answer与介词to连用，表示“……的答案”。

(3) 考查连词连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词。● 填并列连词and, or, but, so等。

【高考例题】I work not because I have to, because I want to. (2019全国卷II)

【试题解析】but。此处考查not … but …结构，意为“不是……而是……”。● 填从属连词引导状语从句。

【高考例题】Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. (2016全国卷III)

【试题解析】as/when。根据语境可知，此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句。

● 填从属连词引导名词性从句。

【高考例题】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. (2019全国卷I)【试题解析】that。设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，故填that；that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。

(4) 考查定语从句

【高考例题】Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop inMacclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全国卷II)

【试题解析】which。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the pet shop。

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