外文翻译

外文翻译

学生姓名：田宇

学号： 2007092310 学院：机电学院

专业、年级：机械设计制造及其自动化07（2 ）

指导教师：朱荣光

Method and apparatus for removal of grape seeds from grape skin

Geoffrey Margolis,Ernes J Gallo. Method and apparatus for removal of grape seeds from grape skin[P] .US:20070104842A1.May 10,2007.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to methods for separating the seeds from the skin, pulp and juice of a grape and relates to the discovery that grape seeds may be readily separated from grape skins wherein the grape seeds are passed through apertures of a size nominally sufficient to also have grape skins pass there-through. Specifically, the invention provides a method wherein grapes are driven across an apertured plate by means of a blade and the seeds and juice are passed through an apertured plate while the grape skin and grape pulp are retained on the plate prior to collection. As used herein unless otherwise noted, "juice" refers to both juice derived from grape berries and the mixture of water and juice derived from grape berries in any combination.

The method successfully separates grape seeds from skins at a high rate of throughput and avoids the splitting or crushing of seeds which can release undesirable tannins into the grape must. The methods and devices of the invention utilize a unique orientation of an apertured plate and a blade driving grapes and grape components across the plate to separate grapes seeds from other solids such as skin. The inventive method is surprisingly effective in separating grape seeds from the skins despite the fact that the apertures in the plate are of dimensions larger than that of grape skins.

More specifically, the invention provides a method for separating grape seeds from the skin of a grape comprising the steps of: introducing grape must onto the first side of a plate having first and second sides and apertures there-through of a size and shape selected such that grape seeds, juice and skin can nominally pass through to the second side of the plate. (As used herein unless otherwise noted "grape must" refers to both intact and crushed grapes and mixtures thereof and mixtures of components thereof.) The grape must is then driven across the plate by means of a grape driving blade having a grape contacting face disposed such that the clearance between the blade and the plate is most preferably less than the diameter of a grape seed in order that grape seeds will not be bypassed by the blade. The motion of the blade applies force parallel to the surface of the plate and drives the grapes across the surface of the plate but also applies force normal to the plane of the plate such that the grape seeds and juice will pass through the apertures of the plate while retaining grape skin on the first side of the plate. The method may be applied to grape must for the production of wine but can also be applied to grape pomace (also called "marc") for the separation of grape seeds which can then be used for extraction of tannins and other valuable compounds.

While the apertures are of a size where they are nominally capable of having grape skins pass there-through, the size of the apertures and the orientation of the grape driving blade is such that grape skins typically pass over the apertures and are not driven through the apertures. This is in contrast to the seeds which are capable of being "caught" by the edges of the apertures and are then driven downward through the plate to its second side by the force component of the grape driving blade.

It is preferred that all or substantially all of the grape skins be retained on the first side of the plate and it is usually so retained according to ordinary practice of the invention. The grape seeds and juice are then collected from the second side of the plate and may be further separated from each other by conventional means such as by passing through a sieve, by floatation, centrifugation or other means. The seed-free grape juice may then be recombined with grape skins and pulp collected from the first side of the plate and may be subjected to fermentation steps or other treatment. The seed-free grape juice may also be recycled back to the first side of the plate and used as a transporting fluid to hydrate the grape must and assist in its flowability. Alternatively, juice or other transporting fluid need not be recycled to the first side of the plate but an excess of transporting fluid such as water can be introduced to the first side of the plate and then removed downstream of the seed/skin separation by methods such as membrane separation or thin film evaporation. It is further contemplated that the grape juice, pulp, skins and seeds may be recombined in any combination or not at all or that they can be recombined in various combinations with juice, pulp, skins and/or seeds derived from different varieties or different harvests.

The apertured plate may be flat or can be curved or undulating. According to one preferred aspect of the invention, the plates are curved and undulating above and below the horizontal plane with some portions of the plate lying below the surface of a reservoir containing grape juice and some portions lying above. In this manner the grape driving blade can drive grape must along the plate but below the surface of grape juice so as to introduce moisture to the grape must being treated to assist in subsequent seed/skin separation. As the apertured plate undulates to a higher level the plate is above the surface of the grape juice and the grape must becomes drier.

葡萄籽皮分离的方法和仪器

本发明的概要

本发明用于方法分离籽皮，葡萄的果肉和果汁种子，葡萄籽可以随时通过分离装置的小孔，其中葡萄籽能通过说明也部分的葡萄皮经过那里通过。具体来说，本发明是用一种在金属板上通过一个刀片，种子和果汁是通过金属板通过，而葡萄皮和葡萄果肉是保留在板前被收集的方法。其中，“果汁”是指从葡萄浆果果汁，或是从任意组合葡萄浆果得到的水和果汁的混合物。

该方法分离葡萄籽、皮分离率较高，避免了破坏种子，可稀释葡萄汁中不好的丹宁酸。该方法的发明与仪器采用独特的金属板把葡萄种子与其他固体分开，如皮与种子。这种发明有效的把葡萄种子与皮分开因为孔的尺寸要比葡萄皮大。

更具体地说，本发明提供了这样的一个分离的步骤，包括分离葡萄皮葡萄籽的方法：进入的葡萄通过第一和第二面和金属板，第一面的尺寸选择这样的形状：能够使葡萄籽，果汁和皮挑选到的板块的第二面。（其中，除非另有说明，“葡萄”包括完整，粉碎了葡萄及其粉碎的的混合物。）葡萄从盘子上通过叶片，在叶片和盘子之间的间隙尽可能小于葡萄种子的直径使葡萄种子不会从叶片空隙绕过。叶片的运动使盘子的表面水平并且让盘子的表面布满葡萄，因此葡萄种子和果汁将通过这个盘子的孔，并在这个盘子的一边上保留葡萄皮时。这些方法适用于用葡萄生产葡萄酒的过程，也可以用于葡萄皮渣(也叫" 果渣" )的分离和用丹宁酸和其他有价值的化合物的抽出的葡萄种子的分离

虽然孔的大小，理论上有葡萄皮通过，该孔的大小和方向应该是这样的：葡萄皮通常是越过孔，不通过孔。而种子，进入孔，然后由于动能，由分离叶片的驱动力向第二侧板。

这时全部或绝大部分的葡萄皮都将保留在第一面的板上。葡萄籽和果汁，收集到的板的第二面，并进一步用传统方式进行分离，如通过一个由筛浮选，离心或其他手段。无葡萄汁的种子着时可能与葡萄皮和在盘的第一面收集并进行发酵或可以被回收回盘的第一面，输送用于滋润葡萄汁，并提高其流动性。另外，果汁或其他液体输送不需要回收到的板块的第一面，然后取出剩下的果皮。

金属板可能水平或弯曲或起伏。板的弯曲，上方和下方的同一个地方包含的葡萄汁和上面的某些部分像水面一样在板的某些部分平面起伏。在这种方式下葡萄被叶片沿板运走，但低于葡萄汁水平面，葡萄必须是先分离在随后进行的种子处理，以使果皮分离出来。由于金属板等运动是向上层的板，因此葡萄汁和葡萄必须是干燥的。

外文翻译

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外文翻译

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建筑-外文翻译

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外文翻译 原文 Marketing Material Source：Marketing Management Author：Philip Kotler Marketing Channels To reach a target market, the marketer uses three kinds of marketing channels. Communication channels deliver messages to and receive messages from target buyers. They include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, mail, telephone, billboards, posters, fliers, CDs, audiotapes, and the Internet. Beyond these, communications are conveyed by facial expressions and clothing, the look of retail stores, and many other media. Marketers are increasingly adding dialogue channels (e-mail and toll-free numbers) to counterbalance the more normal monologue channels (such as ads). The marketer uses distribution channels to display or deliver the physical product or service to the buyer or user. There are physical distribution channels and service distribution channels, which include warehouses, transportation vehicles, and various trade channels such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. The marketer also uses selling channels to effect transactions with potential buyers. Selling channels include not only the distributors and retailers but also the banks and insurance companies that facilitate transactions. Marketers clearly face a design problem in choosing the best mix of communication, distribution, and selling channels for their offerings. Supply Chain Whereas marketing channels connect the marketer to the target buyers, the supply chain describes a longer channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers. For example, the supply chain for women’s purses starts with hides, tanning operations, cutting operations, manufacturing, and the marketing channels that bring products to customers. This supply chain represents a value delivery system. Each company captures only a certain percentage of the total value generated by the supply chain. When a company acquires competitors or moves upstream or downstream, its aim is

智能交通灯控制系统_英文翻译

英文 Because of the rapid development of our economy resulting in the car number of large and medium-sized cities surged and the urban traffic, is facing serious test, leading to the traffic problem increasingly serious, its basically are behaved as follows: traffic accident frequency, to the human life safety enormous threat, Traffic congestion, resulting in serious travel time increases, energy consumption increase; Air pollution and noise pollution degree of deepening, etc. Daily traffic jams become people commonplace and had to endure. In this context, in combination with the actual situation of urban road traffic, develop truly suitable for our own characteristics of intelligent signal control system has become the main task. Preface In practical application at home and abroad, according to the actual traffic signal control application inspection, planar independent intersection signal control basic using set cycle, much time set cycle, half induction, whole sensor etc in several ways. The former two control mode is completely based on planar intersection always traffic flow data of statistical investigation, due to traffic flow the existence of variable sex and randomicity, the two methods have traffic efficiency is low, the scheme, the defects of aging and half inductive and all the inductive the two methods are in the former two ways based on increased vehicle detector and according to the information provided to adjust cycle is long and green letter of vehicle, it than random arrived adaptability bigger, can make vehicles in the parking cord before as few parking, achieve traffic flowing effect In modern industrial production,current,voltage,temperature, pressure, and flow rate, velocity, and switch quantity are common mainly controlled parameter. For example: in metallurgical industry, chemical production, power engineering, the papermaking industry, machinery and food processing and so on many domains, people need to transport the orderly control. By single chip microcomputer to control of traffic, not only has the convenient control, configuration simple and flexible wait for an advantage, but also can greatly improve the technical index by control quantity, thus greatly improve product quality and quantity. Therefore, the monolithic integrated circuit to the traffic light control problem is an industrial production we often encounter problems. In the course of industrial production, there are many industries have lots of traffic equipment, in the current system, most of the traffic control signal is accomplished by relays, but relays response time is long, sensitivity low, long-term after use, fault opportunity increases greatly, and adopts single-chip microcomputer control, the accuracy of far greater than relays, short response time, software reliability, not because working time reduced its performance sake, compared with, this solution has the high feasibility. About AT89C51 (1)function characteristics description: AT89C51 is a low power consumption, high performance CMOS8 bit micro-controller, has the 8K in system programmable Flash memory. Use high-density Atmel company the beltpassword nonvolatile storage technology and manufacturing, and industrial 80S51 product instructions and pin fully compatible. Chip Flash allow program memory in system programmable, also suitable for conventional programmer. In a single chip, have dexterous 8 bits CPU and in system programmable Flash, make AT89C51 for many embedded control application system provides the high flexible, super efficient solution. AT89C51 has the following standard function: 8k bytes Flash, 256 bytes RAM, 32-bit I/O mouth line, the watchdog timer, two data pointer, three 16 timer/counter, a 6 vector level 2 interrupt structure, full-duplex serial port, piece inside crystals timely clock circuit. In addition, AT89C51 can drop to 0Hz static logic operation, support two software can choose power saving mode. Idle mode, the CPU to stop working, allowing the RAM, timer/counter, serial ports, interruption continue to work. Power lost protection mode, RAM content being saved, has been frozen, microcontroller all work stop, until the next interruption or hardware reset so far. As shown in