上海市初中英语语法和知识点

上海市初中英语语法和知识点

介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词宾格或相当于名词的其

他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短

语介词,如：out of从…中出来, because of因为, away from距离…, on top of在…

顶上, ever since自从…, next to在…隔壁, according

to根据…, in front of在…前方等。

地点位置、范围介词：above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after 在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside 在...旁边, between在...之间,

by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of 在...前, close

to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

方向目标趋向介词：across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路

过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面,

near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...

时间介词：about大约..., after在…以后, at在… 时刻, before在…以前, by 到…为止, during在…期间, for有…之久, from从…时起, in在上/下午;在多久以后, on在某日, past过了…时, since自从…至今, through 贯穿…期间, till直到…时, until直到…时,

to到下一时刻, ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时

方式介词：as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…语言, like与…一样, on骑车/徒步,通过收音机/电视机, over通过收音机, through通过..., with用材料,用手/脚/耳/眼, without没有…

涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…方面, of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言

其它介词:

【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…

【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...

【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同

【伴随/状态介词】 against和…一起比赛,at在上班/休息/上学/家,etc.,in穿着…衣服/颜色,into变成...,on在值日, with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起

介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came .状那个人走下楼来/The woman is from the countryside.定头上戴花的妇女来自乡下

/The teacher is now with the pupils.表老师现在和学生在一起

介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾; 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.状语他想来年在上海找份好工作/ They searched

the room for the thief.他们在房间里搜索小偷 / The letters are for you.表语信是给你的/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?定语你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?

⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇/ He had a bad cold that

week.那个星期他患重感冒

⑵ for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.房子够大的可以容10个人住

⑶ of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：It’s very

nice/kind of you to do so.你这么做真是太好了

⑷ 介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。

① 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?你们在谈论谁?

② 宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。 / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗?

③ 动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a

chair to sit on.我最终找到了一张椅子坐。

5 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in到达…,on foot步行,not…at all根本不,to the north of在…以北,in the east of在…的东部,in the night在夜间,at night在

晚上,be afraid of害怕…,be full of充满/ 装满….,be filled

with充满/ 装满….,be good/bad for对…有益/有害,be made of由…做成,be made from由…制造,play with玩耍……,look out of朝…外面看,at the end of在…

末梢/结束时,by the end of不迟于…/到…末为止,with the help of或with one’s

help在…的帮助下,look after照料…,look for寻找…,on a bike=by bike骑车, help sb. with帮某人做…,get on well with与某人相处[融洽],等等。

⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后, on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表

示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或

与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May

10th.他出生于五月十日的早晨/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.我

通常在早上的七点钟起床 / His glasses are right on his nose.他的眼镜就架在他的

鼻子上/ He is at the cinema at the moment.此刻他正在电影院

⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+具体时刻/从句”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+一段时间”表示“在多久之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.他说他六点钟之后会来这儿/ My father is

coming back from England in about

a month.我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来

⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+具体时刻/that-从句”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +一段斶间”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;如：

Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂

工作了/ Uncle Li has worked in this

factory for over 30 years. 李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年

⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with

our eyes and walk with our feet.我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路/ Please write

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语语法知识—形容词的知识点(3)

一、选择题 1．— President Xi said that we are, we will be. —That's really true, we can only live a better life by working hard. A．the hard-working; the luckier B．the more hard-working; the luckier C．more hard-working; luckier 2．You are doing great! I’ve ne ver had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 3．―is the population of China? ―It’s about 1.4 billion. I think it's becoming . A．what, more and more B．How many, larger and larger C．What, larger and larger D．How much, smaller and smaller 4．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 5．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 6．—Chinese Poetry Competition was one of during the Spring Festival. —I agree with you. I watched it every week. A．more popular shows B．most popular show C．the most popular shows 7．David didn’t pass the driving test yesterday, so he was very _____. A．shy B．glad C．proud D．disappointed 8．—Sonia, do you think you are different from Linda? —Yes. I'm ______ at drawing than her. A．better B．good C．well D．best 9．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 10．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 11．His _______ experience helped him a lot when he met with difficulties. A．comfortable B．natural C．valuable D．surprising 12．I can’t tell you how fantastic the film Secret Superstar i s! It’s the ______ one I have ever seen. A．better B．best C．worse D．worst 13．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 14．－Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the school talent show?－OK, but a dress might be____. A．good B．bad C．better D．worse

初中英语语法 知识点(全)

七年级（上） 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in （如in English） 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes，it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式：①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I，+es ④o结尾，除了negro hero tomato potato +es，其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入（团体组织）take part in 参加（活动） 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况：主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it？=what’s time？询问钟点回答：It is….（一律） 单词：trumpet喇叭racket（网球羽毛球）球拍plural复数，复数形式，复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数 七年级（下） 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一，再一 other 其他的，别的（无范围）+名词（复数） the other 两个中的另一个（通常搭配one…the other…） others 其他的人或物（代词） the others 多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some….the others…） 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do？询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天（状语）everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上（非树本身的一部分）on the tree 在树上（树上的一部分） 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来

新初中英语语法知识—副词的知识点训练及答案(1)

一、选择题 1．We’ll meet kinds of difficulties in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 2．—Do you often go shopping with your mom, Mike? —You know, most boys ________ go shopping, but I do. A．sometimes B．usually C．hardly 3．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school. A．never; for B．never; to C．always; for D．always; to 4．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 5．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.—Oh, please tell her to call me_______ because I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 6．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 7．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 8．Of the three boys over there, John sings English songs ________. A．more beautiful B．the most beautiful C．more beautifully D．the most beautifully 9．The boy read the book________and found something important in it. A．carefully enough B．enough careful C．careful enough D．enough carefully 10．If you don’t work ________enough, I don’t think your dream will come ________. A．hardly;truly B．hard;true C．hardly;true 11．―What do you think of the TV show Readers hosted by Dong Qing? ―Wonderful! I think it is a meaningful TV show that many people like watching it. A．so; so B．so; such C．such; such D．such; so 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps

最新初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点训练及答案

一、选择题 1．She ______ her______every evening at home. A．does；homework B．does；homeworks C．do；homework D．do；homeworks 2．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 3．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 4．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 5．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 6．People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest（丰收）on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day. A．Thanksgiving Day B．Christmas Day C．National Day 7．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 8．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 9．—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive 10．_______mother usually cooks for_______ at the weekend. A．Lily and Nick; their B．Lily's and Nick's; them C．Lily and Nick's; their D．Lily and Nick's; them 11．— Is this room yours? —No, it's not__________.It's __________. A．mine; Lily's and Lucy's B．my; Lily and Lucy's C．my; theirs D．mine; Sally's 12．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．student’s D．students’13．—What do animals eat? —Some eat_______ and some eat_______.

初中英语语法知识点(全)

七年级（上） 1.familyname=lastname姓firstname=givenname名字 用介词in（如inEnglish） 2.用某种语言 3.电话用语中thisthat回答 “IsthatMr.H” “Yes，itis” 4.hat有边沿的帽子cap有帽舌的帽子 +y去y为 I，+es④o结 +s②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es③辅音字母 5.名词的复数形式：①一般 尾，除了negroherotomatopotato+es，其余+s⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢Y ouarewelcome=That’sallright=That’sOK=Notatall=It’smypleasure. 7.Hereyouare=Hereitis=Itishere倒装句here+be+名词here+代词+be 8.in年月季节on日星期几节日at钟点 织）t akepartin参加（活动） 9.join参加加入（团体组 10.bebusydoing 11.bestrictwithsbbestrictinsth 12.bring+人或物+to+地点把?带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来? 13.startdoingstart+名词 ;其后的动词与想法感情有关starttodo的情况：主语是物不是人;start本身为s tarting时 14.whattimeisit？=what’stime？询问钟点回答：Itis?.（一律） 单词：trumpet喇叭racket（网球羽毛球）球拍plural复数，复数形式，复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧s ingular单数plural复数 七年级（下） 1.hearfromsb.收到?的来信 2.befriendlyto对?友好 3.another另一，再一 other其他的，别的（无范围）+名词（复数） theother两个中的另一个（通常搭配one?theother?） others其他的人或物（代词） theothers多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some?.theothers?） 业 4.what+be+主语?=whatdo/does+主语+do？询问职 5.besurprised+atsth./todosth./句子 6.inthecorner屋里某个角落 onthecorner=atthecorner街头某个拐角处 7.everyday每天（状语）everyday日常每天的adj.+n.. ） 8.inthetree在树上（非树本身的一部分）onthetree在树上（树上的一部分 9.inhospital住院inthehospital在医院工作 10.agreewithsbagreetosth答应agreeon/upon/about达成一致意见 11.tell?from?把?与?区别开来

初中英语语法重点汇总

初中英语语法重点汇总 1、 as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、(1)too…to与 so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read.

3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

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