大学英语翻译实用技巧7

第七单元句子的翻译（3）

真实、虚拟条件句和否定句的翻译

第一部分：英语中真实条件句和虚拟条件句的翻译

一. 真实条件句的翻译

在真实条件句中，说话人或把条件视为事实，或仅仅提出条件，不作任何主观设想，如果条件实现，主句内容便成为事实；如果条件不实现，结果也就不会发生。译成分句即可。

例如：

·If the weather is not good, I shall stay at home.

如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。

·Unless the weather is good, I shall stay at home.

如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。

·I will stay at home providing /provided/ on condition(that) the weather is not good.

假如天气不好，我就呆在家里。

·I will stay at home only if the weather is not good.

如果天气不好，我只好呆在家里。

·I will stay at home if only the weather is not good.

只要天气不好，我就呆在家里。

·Given bad weather, I will stay at home.

假使天气不好，我就呆在家里。

·Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?

假设我们弄不到必要的设备，那我们怎么办？

·As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

·Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw?

就算这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？

·Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.

万一有什么困难请给我们一个信。

·We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean.

我们可以让你们用这个房间，如果你们能保持清洁的话。

·She would have fallen but that I caught her.

要不是我抓住她，她就摔倒了。

·He is a quite conscientious man so far as I know.

据我所知，他是一个很负责的人。

二. 虚拟条件句的翻译

1.用“早”“本来”“原先”“当初”译出虚拟语气。

例如：

·If you had tried, you would have been able to do it.

如果你原先设法做了，你早就会了。

·With his aid you would have succeeded.

当初若有他帮助，你早就成功了。

·She could have come to a patty, but she has been sick.

她本来要出席这个宴会，但她病了。

·Such mistakes could have been avoided.

这样的错误本来是可以避免的。

·I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.

我那天生病了，否则我就参加游行了。

2.用“多好”“吧”“怎么办”译出虚拟语气。

例如：

·If only he could speak French.

要是他会说法语多好啊！

·Suppose a lion should come out of the forest.

假如一头狮子从树林中冲出来，怎么办？

·You might do me a great favor.

请帮帮忙吧！

·Wouldn’t it be better for us to do it ourselves?

咱们自己干不是更好吗？

3. 用“竟然”“居然”“怎么”译出虚拟语气。例如：

·It is strange that he should be absent today.

今天他居然缺席，真奇怪。

·That he should think me capable of it!

他居然认为我会干出这种事来。

·That it should have come to this!

事情怎么会闹到了这个地步！

·It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.

真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。

4. 用表示愿望的句子译出虚拟语气。例如：

·I wish she would marry me.

可惜她不愿意嫁给我。

·Had he time, he would help you decorate your room.

可惜他没有时间帮你装饰房间。

·My naughty son is always driving me crazy, I could have given his a good beating everyday.

我那淘气的儿子总让我着急，我恨不得天天打他一顿。

·I wish 1 were as versatile as you.

我巴不得像你一样什么都会。

5. 原形动词表示的虚拟语气用相应的汉语译出即可。

例如：

·So be it.

但愿如此。

·God bless you.

上帝保佑你。

·Heaven help us!

老天爷保佑！

·God damn it!

该死的！

·The devil take you!

滚你的吧！

·Long live our motherland!

祖国万岁！

·Good luck be yours!

祝你走运！

·Heaven help us.

老天保佑我们。

·Suffice it to say that the manager is pleased with the work.

我只想说经理对这项工作很满意。

·May this book in a small way help to enhance the understanding and friendship between the two peoples.

希望这本书对促进两国的了解和友谊起一点作用。

6. 其他表示虚拟语气的形式译为汉语的假设句。

·Jesse, boy, you should have asked roe before you decided to walk all the way there.

杰西，孩子，在你决定步行来这之前，不问一问我，这可不好。

·A timely medical treatment could have saved the child.

如果治疗及时，这孩子本可以得救的。

·It would be a mistake Dot to take this opportunity.

如果不利用这个机会，那就不对了。

·Born into a rich family, he would have received better education.

假如生在富有的家庭，他本可以接受更好的教育。

·By united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this

catastrophe.

假如采取一致行动，他们本可以使自己和全世界免遭这场灾难的。

·Anyone who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed.

任何人这样做了都会被解雇。

·Could the dead man have spoken, he could have identified his murderer.

如果死人会说话，他会认出谁是谋害他的人。

·I’ve loved you as if you were my son.

我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。

·It is not as though we were poor.

我们又不是穷。

EXERCISES

1. If you visit London, try to see some of these things as well as the famous sights.

2. Suppose (Supposing) we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?

3. As long a s we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.

4. Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw?

5. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.

6. We’ll let you use the room on condition that (provided that) you keep it clean and tidy.

7. She would have fallen but that I caught her.

8. He is a quite conscientious man so far as I know.

9. Were I to do it，I should first of all get the teacher to discuss the plan.

10. I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

11. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

12. I wouldn’t have acted as he did.

13. I had rather (that) you told him than I did.

14. How I wish it wasn’t raining!

15. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.

16. Would you mind turning the light on?

17. Long live world peace!

18. If he only knew how we miss him!

19. May the friendship between our two peoples last forever?

20. Wouldn’t it be better for us to do it ourselves?

第二部分：无主句的翻译

汉语中，只有谓语部分而没有主语部分的句子叫做无主句。汉语中无主句比较多。但所谓无主句，并不是省略了主语的句子（汉语中省去主语的句子属于“省略句”），而是习惯上有时这样讲；其主语到底是谁很难界定，但是在任何语言环境里它都能表达完整明确的意思。可是在英语中，句子一般都要有主语，因此，汉语的无主句译成英语时，往往要补出主语或改变句型，使句子结构符合英语语法的规范。

汉语无主句的英译法大致有以下几种：

一、运用英语的被动结构

有时我们可以把汉语无主句中的宾语转换为英语被动结构中的主语

1. 某些表示事物存在，出现的无主句，可以译成被动句。

·封面上印着一个猎人的像。

The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover (of the book).

(此句为表示“像”的存在而译成被动句)

2. 某些表示要求，规定的无主句，也往往可以译成被动句。

·必须保证八小时睡眠。

Eight hours’ sleep must be guaranteed.

二、采用“There + be …”, “It + be…+ to …”等结构

1.汉语中某些格言，经验，或带有哲理的无主句，翻译时一般采用这种结构。

·活到老，学到老。

It is never too old to learn.

·没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。

Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility.

2. 装语序

有些表示事物存在，出现或消失的无主句，结构形式与英语的倒装句相似，因此，在汉译英时用倒装语序往往是十分得体的，

·和这些产品一道展出的还有钢铁厂和高炉的模型。

On display by the side of those products were models of steel works and blast furnaces.

·远处传来悲壮的笛声。

In the distance sounded a solemn, stirring reed flute.

3. 使句式

汉语中表示请求，命令，号召，及标语，口号等的无主句，可仿照英语中的同类句式来翻译。

·请勿吸烟。

No smoking.

·中国共产党万岁！

Long live the Chinese Communist Party!

4. 当的名词或代词补出主语

汉语无主句的英译，除上述几中方法外，还可以根据上下文选用适当的名词或代词（包括人称代词和否定代词）补出主语，构成一个完整的句子。例如：

·知彼知己，百战不殆。

Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred of battles with no danger of defeat.

·弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

If things are not properly handled, our labour will be totally lost.

EXERCISES

1. 全面建设小康社会，最根本的是坚持以经济建设为中心，不断解放和发展社会生产力。

2. 走新型工业化道路，大力实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略。

3. 走新型工业化道路，必须发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的重要作用，注重依靠科技进

步和提高劳动者素质，改善经济增长质量和效益。

4. 合理开发和节约使用各种自然资源。抓紧解决部分地区水资源短缺问题，新建南水北

调工程。

5. 坚持以信息和带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、

资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化路子

6. 优先发展信息产业，在经济和社会领域广泛应用信息技术。

7. 用高新技术改造传统产业，大力振兴转北制造业

8. 加快发展现代服务业，提高第三产业在国民经济中的比重

9. 鼓励科技创新，在关键领域和若干科技发展前沿掌握核心技术和拥有一批自主知识产

权

10. 必须把可持续发展放在十分突出的地位，坚持计划生育、保护环境和保护资源的基本

国策。

第三部分：否定句的翻译

各种语言都有各自不同的表达肯定和否定的方式。单从思维逻辑概念来说，中国人和西方人有相似的否定思维方式。在翻译的过程中，我们可以直接把汉语的否定形式译成英语的否定形式。例如：“你明天不去上课吗？”译成：“Are you not going to attend class tomorrow？”但是，英汉两种语言在表达肯定和否定的方式上是有明显区别的。汉语中的否定概念通过词汇手段表达，否定句带有否定字词的标记。如：“不、无、非、没、莫、勿、未、否”等，以及由这些字组成的词语，如：“毫无、根本没有、否则、决不、没有、未尝。”等。另外，还有表示部分否定的词语，如：“并非所有的都，几乎没有，不是每个都，不总是，几乎不，不怎么”，以及表示双重否定的词语：“非……不,非……莫,不……没有”等。英语中表达否定概念通常有两种手段。

1. 借助词汇表达否定

英语借助no, not, never, nor, neither等否定词，和具有否定意义的词语：如hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, narrowly, few, little等带有半否定意义的副词；fail, deny, defy, miss lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, overlook, exclude, withhold, prevent（from）等带有否定意义的动词；unless, until, rather than, or等带有否定意义的连词；but, without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of, anything but, in vain等带有否定意义的介词；far from, free from, safe from, missing, ignorant等带有否定意义的形容词；以及由no-, non-, dis-, in-, un-, im-, -less等含有否定意义的前缀和后缀组成的词语。

2. 借助结构和表达方式表达否定

英语还运用比较结构more…than…, other than…, rather than…, would rather than…, know better than…, too…to..., too…for…等来表达否定。在这类结构中,连词than引出意义否定的部份。例如:

·部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。

The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.

·他年龄太小,不能照顾自己。

He is too young to take care of himself.

3. 还有由连词if 引起的表示诅咒，发誓，感叹的句型也能表达否定的含义。例如：

·他说他要放手就不是人。

He said he’d be damned if he’d stop.

由此可见，由于汉语和英语在表达否定概念的方法的差别，决定我们在汉译英的过程中要根据不同的情况采取适当的翻译方法，尽量使译文准确，地道，易懂。通常采取

以下几种常见的翻译方法：

一、将汉语的否定句译成英语的否定句

?天都这么晚了，我看她不会来了。

It is so late. I do not think she will come.

?房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。

With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.

?我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的殷切希望。

We will never betray the trust of the people of our country.

?如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。

A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction.

?二氧化碳不能燃烧，也不能助燃。

Carbon dioxide does not burn, nor does it support burn.

(注：此句否定连词nor置于句首，句子的语序要倒装。)

?不懂的事，不要怕问。

Do n’t be above asking about things you do n’t understand.

二、将汉语的否定句译成英语的肯定句

?俗话说，“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。

As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”

?他决不会说出这样的话。

He was the last man to say such things.

?那位老人能在大风大浪中不停地游泳达三个小时以上。

The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than three hours.

?不错，你有天赋，可是天赋就象深藏在岩石底下的宝石，没有艰苦的发掘，精心地雕琢，他自己是不会发出光彩来的。

Of course you have gifts, but gifts are like deeply buried precious stones that need to be laboriously dug out and polished until they sparkle.

?世有伯乐，然后有千里马。千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。

Only after Bole came into the world were there horses able to gallop one thousand li. Such horses are common, but a Bole is rare.

三、将汉语的肯定句译成英语的否定句

?完全同意。

I couldn’t agree more.

?这些细菌要在温度达到一百摄氏度时才会死亡。

These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100°C.

?自然界中的作用力,必定要牵涉到两个或两个以上的物体。

There is never a force acting in nature unless two or more bodies are involved.

?智者千虑，必有一失。

Even the wise are not always free from errors.

新视野大学英语翻译答案

汉译英 Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充足的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。（no matter how） No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech ，you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关系吉米一样，吉米也关系他们（just as） Just as all his sister ’ s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。（track down）Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。（tell on） If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。（on one’s own） Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。（reckon with） Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. Unit2 1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron . 3正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并立刻咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit3 1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2..教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one ’ s study after graduatin g from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。

大学英语翻译练习题

1．现在各行各业的人越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种难题. Now people in different walks of life depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems 2．他已做出计划,每月留出一些钱准备明年去北京旅行. He has made a plan to set aside some money every month for a trip to Beijing next year. 3．现代科学技术的发展使社会发生了巨大的变化. The development of modern science and technology has brought about great social changes. 4．直到会议结束之后,他才放弃自己的想法. It was not until after the meeting that he gave up his idea. 5．我们不要怕别人指出我们的缺点。 We should not be afraid of having our shortcomings pointed out. 6．雨下的太大了，我们出不了门. It rained so hard that we couldn’t go out. 7．请务必在离开营地前把所有的火都熄灭掉。 Please make sure to put out all the fires before leaving the camping ground. 8．我们不能排除天气有变坏的可能性. We can not rule out there possibility that the weather may turn out to be bad. 9．要么做好失败的准备,要么干脆别做 .Either prepare yourself for failure or don’t do it at all . 10. 一看到多年未见的老友,她突然哭了起来. At the sight of the old friend she hadn’t seen for years, she burst into tears. 11. 他自失业以来减少了他的日常开支. He has cut down on his daily expenses since he lost his job. 12. 当被问及为何不愿与姐姐同在一屋时, 她只是一声不吭. When asked why she didn’t want to share the room with her sister, she just kept silent. 13. 请务必安排最好的摄影师在结婚典礼上照相. Be sure to arrange for the best photographer to take pictures at the wedding ceremony. 14. 他是否受过正规训练与成为一名优秀的演员并不相干. Whether he has received formal training or not is not relevant to being a fine actor. 15. 诸如空气污染和交通拥堵之类的问题早已引起政府的关注. Such problems as air pollution and heavy traffic have already attracted the government’s attention. 16. 那部新电影是根据真实故事而制作的,我认为它值得一看. I think it worthwhile to see the newly-released film which is based on a true story. 17. 那项新技术可能使他们的产量翻一番. This new technique may enable them to double their production. 18. 即使面前有许多困难,我们也决心要进行这项实验. We are determined to carry out the experiment even if there are a lot of difficulties before us. 19. 请提前一周把申请表寄至人事部门. Please send your application form to the personnel department a week in advance. 20. 他没有把录音机送回到商店,而是决定自己修理. Rather than take it back to the shop, he decided to repair the recorder himself. 21. 在市长的帮助下，我们最终获准接触这起交通事故的受害者。 With the mayor’s help, we were finally allowed access to the victime of the traffic accident. 22. 这是一次冒险的行动，请务必让他知道。

大学英语翻译技巧 7

第七单元句子的翻译（3） 真实、虚拟条件句和否定句的翻译 第一部分：英语中真实条件句和虚拟条件句的翻译 一. 真实条件句的翻译 在真实条件句中，说话人或把条件视为事实，或仅仅提出条件，不作任何主观设想，如果条件实现，主句内容便成为事实；如果条件不实现，结果也就不会发生。译成分句即可。 例如： ·If the weather is not good, I shall stay at home. 如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。 ·Unless the weather is good, I shall stay at home. 如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。 ·I will stay at home providing /provided/ on condition(that) the weather is not good. 假如天气不好，我就呆在家里。 ·I will stay at home only if the weather is not good. 如果天气不好，我只好呆在家里。 ·I will stay at home if only the weather is not good. 只要天气不好，我就呆在家里。 ·Given bad weather, I will stay at home. 假使天气不好，我就呆在家里。 ·Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? 假设我们弄不到必要的设备，那我们怎么办？ ·As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 ·Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 就算这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？ ·Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难请给我们一个信。 ·We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean. 我们可以让你们用这个房间，如果你们能保持清洁的话。 ·She would have fallen but that I caught her. 要不是我抓住她，她就摔倒了。 ·He is a quite conscientious man so far as I know. 据我所知，他是一个很负责的人。 二. 虚拟条件句的翻译 1.用“早”“本来”“原先”“当初”译出虚拟语气。 例如：

新视野大学英语第三版第一册课后翻译答案.doc

新视野大学第三版book1英语课后翻译答案 Unit1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analectshas had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years’traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius’thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit2 圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival-the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival, all expressing people’s love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.

新视野大学英语翻译题英译汉答案总结

第三册 1. 每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。 2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。 3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。 4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。 5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。 6．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。 1. 作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。 2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。 3. 耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。 4．这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。 5．铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。6．一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。 1. 跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。 2．他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。 3．学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。 4．快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。 5．为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。 6．并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。 XII 1. 这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。 2．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。 3．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。 4．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。 5．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。6．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。 1. 直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。 2．在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。

大学英语六级翻译技巧及专项练习讲解

翻译题应试技巧 汉语主动句译成英语被动句 我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然；或强调动作承受者；或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。具体转换方法有如下两种。 1）把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。 例1 ____________（将领你们去参观我们的新车间）by the secretary. 译文：Y ou will be shown our new workshop. 简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。让我们看看译文已给出部分：by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征，"秘书"在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中"你们"转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。 例2 Y ou __________（我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动）this time. 译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns. 简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说"你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动"。中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。全句完整答案是：Y ou are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time. 2）当汉语句以"我们"、"人们"、"大家"等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理成被动语态。处理后的英文译句往往带有know，see，find，say，suppose，estimate，report，suggest，stress，consider，expect，admit，point，understand 等动词。 例3 如果原子失去一个或多个电子，我们就说这个原子带正电荷。 译文：If one or more electrons are removed，the atom is said/believed/thought to be positively charged. 简评：这句话是一个条件从句。即：在原子失去一个或多个电子的情况下，这个电子带正电荷。"我们就说这个原子带正电荷"可理解为"这个原子被认为/ 被确信/ 被说成是带正电荷"。那么根据前面所说的原则，我们在翻译时可以将泛指性主语"我们"省略不译，并使用被动语态。 从这个例子里我们还可以看出，在科技文章中，根据英语表达习惯我们应当多采用被动语态，以强调事物的客观性。 例4 人们采用各种措施来防止腐蚀。 译文：All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion. 简评：这句话可以按原文译成主动态，即：People have taken all kinds of measures to prevent corrosion。也可以用被动语态来翻译--All kinds of measures are taken to prevent corrosion。两者比较而言，被动态译文更突出表明所有、种种措施已经付诸实施，all kinds of measures得到强调，而主动态译法只是平铺直叙，重点不突出。

大学英语翻译答案

Unit1 1. 背离传统需要极大的勇气。(departure, enormous) {It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.} 2. 汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。(performance, bold) {Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.} 3. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (creative, desirable) {Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.} 4. 假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？(worthwhile) {Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it's worthwhile to buy / purchase it?} 5. 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。(throw light on , investigate, valid) {If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.} Unit2 1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。(deny, commercial) {The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.} 2) 每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。(stammer) {Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.} 3) 教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。(cherish) {Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.} 4) 手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。(shortly after, go through) {Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.} 5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。(affluent, minimal) {In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.} Unit3 1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？(proof) {Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?} 2) 计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。(location, narrow down) {The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.} 3) 任何一个有尊严的人都不会一辈子依靠社会救济过活。(welfare)

(完整版)大学英语翻译答案-1

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Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则（George Washington Campbell，Alexander Fraser Tytler） 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差，叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯，势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理，英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维；英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉，英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维，英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义，相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙，给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义：“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词：①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

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表二四六级翻译评分标准-阅卷版（用于量化语法错误） 这两步之后，一份翻译的整体分数就确定了。总的来说，改革后的大学英语四六级翻译项目采取总体评分为主，量化考核为辅的评分方式：阅卷员首先通读整篇译文，根据"总体评分"的原则，确定其所属档位；其次详细阅读译文，寻找译文中的扣分点，在统计扣分点之后，根据"量化考核"的原则，确定译文最终的分数。以下将以2013年12月四级考试翻译中的"中餐篇"为例，给出各个分数档的参考译文以及阅卷员评语。 翻译原文 许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地的差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。 14分参考译文 Many people enjoy Chinese food. In China, cooking is not only viewed as a skill but also regarded as a form of art. A carefully-prepared Chinese dinner can be both tasty and