教你看懂英语中考阅读理解长难句

教你看懂英语中考阅读理解长难句

对句子的理解一般包含两个层次，第一个层次是对句子本身含义的理解，这需要读者对句子的结构以及高考命题人组织长难句的方法有基本的把握和正确的认识；第二个层次是对句子弦外之音的感悟，理解句子对下文内容和文章结构的指示作用。这两个层次可以通过语法分析和语义提取得以实现。

长难句的语法分析

分析长难句的核心思想就是“提取主干”。再复杂的句子也是由一个个部分组成的，其中重要的是句子的主干，一般包括主语、谓语和宾语，因为它们是文章在传递信息时的主要载体，而其它成分，不论有多长多复杂，都不过是起辅助作用的成分罢了。语法分析可以按照下列步骤来操作：

1、首先把长难句分解成若干个简单句。

2、找出连词和关键词，确定句与句之间的关系，分清主句和从句。

3、分析主句与从句的成分，识别谓语动词，判断谓语动词的时态语态和语气，接着看该句是否有倒装、省略、插入成分、独立成分、同位成分等。

4、分析主句与从句、从句与从句之间的关系。同时，考虑上下文、文化背景，从总体上把握句子的字面含义以及字里行间的深层意思。

长难句的语义提取

一般来说，除了语言学家，人们对自己母语的语法知识可以说是知之甚少。然而当我们阅读本族语的时候，也能够很轻易的看懂一些从语法角度来说很复杂的句子，这显然不是语法分析的结果。这是因为人们对自己的母语有着丰富的语言经验，接触过不计其数的语言材料，对其中信息的提取已经习惯成自然。同理，我们也可以通过丰富自己的英语语言经验来提高自己阅读英语长难句的能力。有意识地、有针对性地进行长难句训练，反复进行忽略语法的快速浏览，就能够达到在阅读时对原句各成分自动拆分组合，把零碎的信息点拼成有机的信息流的水平。

实战训练

1)从真题中选取有代表性的长难句，每篇文章找出2—3个。

2)将这些长难句收集到一起，打印或者抄下下来。

3)反复阅读，最好能够达到熟能成诵的境界，注意在此过程中不进行任何语法分析。在头脑中把英语句子中各成分拆分，然后把这些概念组合成可以理解的汉语句子就可以了。

4)将真题中的长难句都如此练习一番，长难句就基本攻破了，之后，我们将会进入到一个阅读的新境界！

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第三、有的词是需要摸索的。 在阅读题中，有的词是在文章中有提示的，因为英语写作有个潜在的规则，词语若非不得已，不要重复。秉承这个原则，我们可以在文章的结构平行处找线索。或是反义词，或是近义词，根据文章的具体情况，同学们不难作出一个比较有针对性的选择。 第四、考纲单词必须熟记。 大纲要求的单词、平时做题总是遇到的单词，生活中会经常遇到的单词，这些词是同学们发挥才智，施展所有做题技巧的基础。没有特别好的方法，就是有恒心一直背：把单词表上的词分类，单独把不会的列出来，分批背，平时总是遇到又不认识的，用一本笔记本把他们都记下来，天天反复天天背。 文章看不懂 “单词我都认识，文章说什么我就是看不懂。”也许有的同学会这样说。问题可能出在这里： 第一、单词不是真的都认识。 英语中几乎每一个单词都不是只有一个释义，同学们所说的认识，也许只是这些单词的一个意思，有可能在文段中考查的是这个单词另外一个意思。这类情况要解决它，就把它当个生词来处理就行了。唯一不同的是，同学们对这类词的处理要注重在语境中理解，这样才能更好地区分不同词义。

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中考英语阅读理解难题及答案(word)1

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英语阅读长难句

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中考长难句翻译

中考长难句翻译

中学英语长难句子的翻译 一、英语汉语的不同 1、英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念，而汉语则不同，常常使用若干短句，作层次分明的叙述。 Although these stores aren’t very attractive, and they usually do not have individual dressing rooms, not only are the prices low, but you can often find the same famous brands that you find in high-priced department stores. 天目山林深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。 英语句子的结构: ―葡萄藤型‖结构（grapevine structure），意为在短短的主干上派生出长长的枝蔓和丰硕的果实；汉语句子因为很少叠床架屋，节外生枝，而是一个短句接一个短句地往下延伸，因此被称为―竹竿型‖结构（bamboo structure）。 因此，在进行英译汉时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解，翻译成汉语的短句。 2、英译汉的翻译方法和技巧是建立在英汉两种语言的对比之上的。这两种语言在词汇和句法方面的一些表达手段上各有其特点。语序调整主要指词序、句序两方面的调整。 首先我们谈谈词序的调整。 英汉语句中的主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的，但各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。 汉语说―他正在卧室里睡觉‖，而在英语中却说He is sleeping in the bedroom.（他睡觉在卧室。）；英语汉语都说―他出生于北京‖，"He was born in Beijing"。 一）定语位置的调整 1. 单词作定语 英语中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此。有时英语中有后置的，译成汉语时一般都前置。 something important（后置）重要的事情（前置） 如果英语中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。 a little, yellow, ragged beggar（前置） 一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛。（后置） 2. 短语作定语 英语中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习惯而定。 their plan to cross the river （后置）他们渡江的企图（前置） One day an earthquake rocked the mountain, causing one of the eggs to roll down the mountain to a chicken farm, located in the valley below. 二）状语位置的调整 1. 单词作状语

【英语】英语│英语中考英语阅读理解(有难度)经典1

【英语】英语│英语中考英语阅读理解(有难度)经典1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 It's hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don't have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050. One reason for this is climate（气候） change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data（数据）from 27 countries and regions that produce 86 percent of the world's bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years, the average yield（平均产量） has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare（公顷）. However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out. Shouldn't bananas grow more easily if it's hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range for growing bananas is between 24 and 32 C. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing. Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other crops, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings（茎段）rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same genotype（基因型）. In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all. One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus（真菌） in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation（种植园）suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease. （1）What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. People's love for bananas. B. The taste of bananas. C. The convenience of eating bananas. D. The future disappearance of bananas. （2）What might happen if temperatures keep going higher? A. More countries will start to grow bananas. B. Bananas will grow better in most countries. C. Bananas will not be able to grow any more. D. Bananas won't be as tasty as before. （3）What does Paragraph 5 tell us? A. What diseases bananas may suffer from. B. How bananas are grown. C. How diseases can easily kill bananas. D. Which diseases can kill bananas. （4）The passage is written to ________. A. offer tips for growing bananas B. explain why bananas may die out C. show the difficulties of growing bananas D. describe bananas' growing conditions 【答案】（1）D （2）C （3）C

(精品)初中英语长难句——语篇从句讲义(初中学生版)

初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义 语篇学语法——从句 I arrived in London on a foggy day, to go to a very important meeting. The place①where the meeting was going to be hel d was on the other side of the town. All traffic came to a stop②because the drivers were not able to see more than a yard in front of them. The meeting would begin at 9:00, so I decided to go there on foot. Minutes later, I was completely lost. I stood there and though t③that I would have to phone to the meeting to explain④that I was not able to arrive there on time. Then I heard a young man’s voice coming out of the fog, “I suppose⑤you are lost. Can I help you?” I was very glad to have a ma n ⑥who could take me to the meeting. Afterward I told him⑦where I wanted to go, took his arm, and we started. We walked quite fast, turning corners and crossing roads. ⑧As I followed him through the dark streets, I wondered⑨why he found his way so easily. “I know this part of London quite well,” he said. “But in such a fog it’s impossible to see anything,” I said. “I am blind, sir.” he answered, “In the fog, it is exactly the same for me as usual.” 在英语语法中，按照句子结构，英语句子主要可以分为三种类型：简单句、并列句和复合句。 1.简单句：最基本的句子类型，一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。 Eg：My uncle gives me a camera. 2. 并列句：由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的，通常用并列连词 来连接两个或两个以上的句子， Eg：Jim went to the party last night, but his wife didn’t.. Study hard and you will make progress. 3. 复合句：由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句（从句有相应的连词引导）组成的句子。 因此，复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构（完整的句子），句子与句子之间用连接词连接。其中，主句部分可以独立存在，但从句担当了主句某一句子成分，故通常不能独立存在。根据从句在句子中充当的成分，可以将其分为6类，即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。