简单句的五种基本句型及句子成分

简单句的五种基本句型

句型一主语+系动词+表语（SLP）

[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appea r等。例如：

I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.

我是高中生，他是初中生。

After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.

四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。

The story sounds interesting and instructive.

这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。

(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：

In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)

In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)

Look! Y our pet dog is there. (副词作表语)

The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)

Y ou’ve changed a lot. Y ou are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)

Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)

The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语）

(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词（-ing）(在高中阶段将大量的涉及到。) 例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)

He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用is remained)

比较以下句子：

The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.

(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)

We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.

(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)

Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.

(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)

[练习] 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。

(1) I __________(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has __________(turn / become) engineer.

(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It __________ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.

(3) What he said __________(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.

(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.

(5) We do morning exercises to __________(keep / turn / become) healthy.

(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.

(7) Please keep __________(安静); The baby has fallen __________(睡着).

(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).

Key:

(1) — (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; comfortable

(5) — (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; tru

句型二主语+不及物动词(SV)

[讲解] (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。

(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。

(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：

The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词)

The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)

The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.

(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。

[练习] 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。

(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( )

(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. ( )

(3) His father used to work hard to make much money. ( )

(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( )

(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( )

2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。

(1) I don’t agree _____ you completely. I have my own opinion.

(2) The dictionary is not Tom’s. It belongs _____ me.

(3) Use your head, and you will think _____ some ways to solve the problem.

(4) To improve my English, I work hard _____ it.

(5) Look _____ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain.

Key：

1. 不及物动词：(1)、(3)、(4)；及物动词：(2)、(5)。

2. (1) — (5) with, to, up, at, at

句型三主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)

[练习]划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。

如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.

(1) I wrote a passage last night.

(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.

(3) We missed going to college for that reason.

(4) What he said touched me greatly.

句型四主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）(SVOO)

[讲解] （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）

The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。

The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.

The singer sang another song for us.

[练习]在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。

(1) Mother bought a birthday cake ______me.

(2) Give another apple______her. She likes it.

(3) The company will provide some drinks ______ the volunteers.

Key：

句型三

(1) I wrote a passage last night.

(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.

(3) We missed going to college for that reason.

(4) What he said touched me greatly.

句型四

(1) — (3) for; to; for

句型五主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)(SVOC)

[讲解] 宾补是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾补的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。宾补可由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等来充当。例如：

Tom made the baby laugh. (不带to的不定式laugh作宾补)

Tell him to follow the instructions. (不定式短语作宾补)

They made Beijing the capital of the PRC. (名词作宾补)

We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked. (现在分词短语作宾补)

I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one. (不定代词one作宾补)

What made you here? (副词作宾补)

We found ourselves in great trouble. (介词短语作宾补)

Don’t leave the machine working all day long. (现在分词短语作宾补)

[练习]根据汉语或英语提示在空格上填一个恰当的单词。

(1) Let him ________(进来).

(2) Let the student ________(站) outside the classroom.

(3) We made our classroom ________(明亮).

(4) Father have some employees ________(work) all day and all night.

(5) Did you have your bicycle ________(repair)?

(6) I have nothing ________(do) this afternoon. Let’s go swimming.

(7) He kept us ________(read) the story once and again.

(8) The keeper kept the monkey ________(在笼子里).

(9) Jenny had her money ________(偷了).

(10) I found myself ________(surround) by some snakes.

(11) I would like to see the plan ________(carry) out.

(12) Who got the machine ________(start)?

(13) Jim asked me ________(wait) him at the school gate.

(14) The boy was made ________(stand) outside the room.

(15) Don’t allow the guests ________(smoke) here. Key：

(1) — (5) in; stand; bright; working; repaired

(6) — (10) to do; reading; in the cage; stolen; surrounded (11) — (15) carried; started; to wait; to stand; to smoke

简单句的句子成分分析

句子的基本成分分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成分，高中阶段的主要语法的学习，如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。

一、句子的主要成分与次要成分

[讲解] 句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成分由主语和谓语部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：

The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring.

(主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)

Who left the guest waiting in the meeting room so long?

(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)

[练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成分。

1. They are workers from China.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2. The singer made himself known.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3. My classmates sent their best wishes to me.

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

二、主语、主语的词性及构成

[讲解]主语Subject

1、定义：主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如：Deer are animals. (主语由名词deer来充当)

Everything goes well. (主语由代词everything来充当)

99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当)

以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。它们是：不定式、动名词等形式充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语充当主语以及主语从句充当主语。例如：

To say is one thing and to do is another thing. (主语由不定式to say来充当)

To host a party is not an easy thing. (主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当) Swimming does good to one’s health. (主语由动名词swimming来充当)

Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.

(主语由动名词短语walking his pet dog every day来充当)

What he said hurt me greatly. (主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当)

[练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出主语的词性、充当主语的形式、短语或句子。

Y ou, he and I are all senior school students. ( )

Nothing is more important than EQ. ( )

To learn a foreign language calls for patience. ( )

Being honest will pay. ( )

Where his mother will go is a secret. ( )

key：一、1. (主语) (系动词) (表语) (定语)

2. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语)

3. (定语) (主语) (谓语) (定语) (定语) (宾语) (状语)

二、1. You, he and I are all senior school students. (代词)

2. Nothing is more important than EQ. (代词)

3. To learn a foreign language calls for patience. (不定式短语)

4. Being honest will pay. (动名词短语)

5. Where his mother will go is a secret. (主语从句)

三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词

[讲解] 谓语Predicate

1、定义：用来说明陈述主语。

2、特点：A、经常由动词充当。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息，除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外。例如：

The bike went wrong again. (went 作谓语，系动词)

Most of my classmates work hard. (work作谓语，不及物动词)

He told me his experience in America. (told作谓语，及物动词)

Some students are making much noise in the classroom now. (are making作谓语) We will stay at the school at the weekend. (will stay作谓语)

Many flowers will have been planted by the end of the year. (will have been planted 作谓语)

[练习] 将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线。

1. The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.

2. Our old books have been sold out already.

3. Does he go to work at eight?

4. Are you watching football games now?

5. Y ou shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.

四、宾语、宾语的词性及构成

[讲解] 宾语Object

1、定义：表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。

2、特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、宾语表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句等。例如：

The factory makes paper. (名词作宾语)

I will make it one day. (代词作宾语)

The price increased by 10%. (数词作宾语)

They planned to go ahead of time. (不定式作宾语)

Do you like swimming? (动名词作宾语)

Some students asked to act as volunteers. (不定式短语作宾语)

I forgot bringing my mobile phone. (动名词短语作宾语)

Do you know where he lives? (宾语从句作宾语)

[练习] 根据汉语提示将以下句子的宾语译成英语。

1. I like my new ________(学校) and my _________(同学).

2. I only told you the secret. Who made ________(它) known?

3. Do you want ______ ______ ______ ______（休息一下）？

4. Let’s stop ______(工作) and go out for a change.

5. Can you understand ______ ______ ______(我所说的话) just now?

Key：三、1. The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.

2. Our old books have been sold out already.

3. Does he go to work at eight?

4. Are you watching football games now?

5. You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.

四、1. school; classmates 2. it 3. to have a rest / break

4.working

5. what I said

五、定语Attribute

定义：用来修饰或限定名词或相当于名词的词。

特点：1. 常用形容词，或相当于形容词的介词短语，分词（现在分词和过去分词），不定式或句子等充当。

The whole house was ill with the mumps(腮腺炎)。全家人都患了腮腺炎。

John had a great desire to travel.约翰很想旅行。

六．状语Adverbial

1、定义：用来修饰和限制动词、形容词、副词及全句的

2、特点：A、经常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句充当。

Alex did badly on exam.ALEX考得不好。

Houses are so expensive now that we simply can’t afford to but one .

现在房子这样贵，我们简直买不起。

Frankly, I don’t think the plan will succeed.

He ran up to her breathing heavily.

七．补语Complement

是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成份。补足主语的叫主补，补足宾语的叫宾补。

Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 又累又困，我就睡觉了。（主补）

He was found dead.他被发现死了。（主补）

Y ou made me sad.你让我很伤心。(宾补)

Then named the child Jmmy.他们将孩子命名为吉米。(宾补)

I found the book very interesting我发现那本书很有趣。(宾补)

八．同位语Appositive

当两个指同一事物的句子放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。这两个句子成分多由名词、代词充当。同位语通常放在其所说明的名词、代词之后。

We have two children,a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。

We, the Chinese people,are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.

我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。

英语简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） It began to rain.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词） They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词）

简单句的五种基本句型教案

教学讲义

三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常

十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..

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初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

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简单句的五种基本句型

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简单句的五种基本句型典型例句

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