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2017年华二高三上学期期中考试卷详细分析版

2017年华二高三上学期期中考试卷详细分析版
2017年华二高三上学期期中考试卷详细分析版

2017年华师大二附中高三上期中考试卷——解析版

On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry. These years my _____(21)_____(recent)annual salary was over $ 700,000. I am a Truman National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.

_____(22)____ of it feels like enough. I feel (23)_____ _____ I am wired (极度紧张的) for a permanent state of fight or flight, waiting for the other shoe to drop. I ‘ve chosen not to have children, partly because - __(24)____ any success- I still don’t feel I have a safety net. If you knew me personally, you ___(25)__ get glimpses of stress, self-doubt, anxiety, and depression.

In my childhood, I spent a lot of my time ___(26)____ (ponder) basic questions. Where will my next meal come from? Will i have electricity tomorrow? I ___(27)_____ (acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocer store checkout. I remembered panic setting in as early as age eight, at the prospect of a perpetual uncertain about everything in life, from food to clothes to education. I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal. I just wasn’t sure ___(28)___ it was that was wrong with the tiny microcosm I was born into.

As an adult I thought I’d figured that out. I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and caution, in “lessons learned” kind of way. Over the past decades, though, that narrative __(29)____ (evolve). We’ve learned that the stresses ___(30)____ (associate) with poverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined. It can reduce the surface area of your brain, shorten your telomeres, and lifespan, increase your chance of obesity, and make you more likely to take outsized risks.

Keys: 21. most recent 22. none23. as if24. despite 25. might

26. pondering27. was acquainted28. what29. has evolved

30. associate

解析:

24.因为右面有提示词still

25.虚拟语气的用法,如果你了解我,你可能会看到。。。

26.Spend time doing

27.acquaint sb with sth.

28.强调句,不确定,我出生的社会哪里出了问题

29.标志词Over the past decades

30.客观性陈述,故用一般现在时

词汇积累:

1. wired

ADJ If someone is wired, they are tense, nervous, and unable to relax. 紧张的; 不安的[美国英语][非正式]例:

Tonight he is manic, wired and uptight.

他今晚焦躁不安,紧张易怒。

2.fight or flight 战或逃

3.wait for the other shoe to drop 提心吊胆的等待最后的结果

4.ponder 仔细思考

5.acquaint v. ~ sb with sth. 使了解(正式)

6.food stamps 美国政府发放给低收入者以兑换食物的票券

7.set in (不好的事物)来了

8.perpetual 永恒的,无休止的

9.microcosm n. 社会的缩影

10.wary and caution 小心谨慎

11.outsized 特大的,极大的

DreamWorks Animation Bringing Broadway to Shanghai

DreamWorks animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step ____31_____.

Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be the new ____32____ of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large, X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway ____33___ as an extended red carpet.

The waterfront development is ____34__ to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.

The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators, up from the company’s current 250 employees, and will be at the ___35___ heart of the complex.

Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five major live-performance venues with 8500 seats in total, including a 3000 seat facility housed in a dome where cement was once mixed. In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and dramas, the Dream Center is visualized as a ___36___ for pop, rock and jazz concerts; sporting events such as mixed martial arts and motorbikes racing; fashion shows and awards ceremonies; and conferences, art fairs and ___37___ exhibitions.

Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Centre and an attraction ___38__ called Kung Fu Panda Experience. The complex is designed by New York __39____ firm Kohn Pedesen Fox Associates, which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.

The IMAX theater, meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the ___40____ venue to host premiers of productions from oriental dream works-though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort, “Kung Fu Panda 3”, scheduled for release in January.

Keys: DKFBI AEJGC

解析:

31.take a big step forward 向前迈进一大步

32.需要填入名词,这里意思为梦工厂的总部

33.缺后置定语,被想成是红毯

36. 看做是音乐会,体育赛事等的吸引力

词汇解析:

1.magnet n. 有吸引力的事物;磁铁

2.schedule v. 安排,计划

3.envision vt. 设想

4.tentatively adv. 暂时地,实验性地

5.underway adj. 进行中的,起步的

III. Reading Comprehension(45%)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to

surface’s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in

—by moon dust.

it cuts like glass. It’s formed when shooting stars

cash on the moon’s surface, heating its rock and dirt and them to fine particles. Since

there’s no wind or water to smooth edges, the tiny grains are sharp and uneven, and cling to nearly everything.

“The intruding of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design

issue, as well as a issue for setters, than does radiation,” wrote Harrison Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, “Return to the moon.” The dust damaged spacesuits and ate

away layers of moon boots. Over the of six Apollo missions, not one rock box 49 its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts followed the astronauts back into their ships too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing difficult. No one knows precisely what the extremely small particles do to human lungs.

The dust not only the moon’s surface, but floats up to sixty miles above it—as an outer part of its atmosphere, where particles are bound to the moon by gravity, but are so thin that

they collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting

the moon, recorded a phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night. Cernan

a series of pictures illustrating the challenging scene; streams of particles popped

the ground and hovered, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter

approached daylight. there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds, th eir origin is something of a mystery. It’s presumed that they’re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.

41. A. solar B. lunar C. dusty D. mysterious

42. A. destroyed B. stained C. changes D. redesigned

43. A. because B. however C. but D. so

44. A. adapting B. reducing C. tailoring D. shaping

45. A. soft B. hard C. rough D. flat

46. A. nature B. speed C. degree D. troops

47. A. intelligence B. health C. fund D. future

48. A. moment B. situation C. course D. program

49. A. installed B. lost C. found D. maintained

50. A. coats B. affects C. protects D. crusts

51. A. frequently B. violently C. gently D. rarely

52. A. strange B. similar C. common D. different

53. A. sketched B. described C. recovered D. copied

54. A. out B. in C. off D. down

55. A. Although B. Wherever C. Unless D. Since BACBC ABCDA DBACD

41. B. lunar岩石和土壤从月球上带回,带上封条是为了保证和月球一样的环境

42. A. destroyed. But转折,说明后面是不好的状况,封条被破了。stain vt. 沾污;败坏;给…

着色

43. C. but 月球尘埃前文讲像渺小的粉末,后面讲像玻璃,转折关系且填连词,however是副

词,不能连接句子

44. B. reduce to 变少;使处于;减少到;沦落到, 加热岩石和尘埃,使他们变成细小的颗粒,adapt

to 适应,tailor to: 适合,shape to 塑造成

45. C 使粗糙的表面变平滑hard adj坚硬的,flat adj 平坦的,单调的

46.A 月球灰尘的入侵性代表着一个更加有挑战性的工程设计问题,nature n. 自然;性质;种

类;本性

47. B 后文提到,尘埃会有侵蚀性,是关乎定居者的健康问题

48. C 在做任务的过程当中course n.课程;进程, 过程;航向, 航线;一道菜

49.D 前文提到,尘埃破坏了航空服和靴子,所以没有一个岩石盒保有真空封条,都被破坏了

install vt.安装

50. A coat vt.为某物涂抹,覆盖。尘埃不仅覆盖月球表层,也漂浮在60英里上空,作为大气层的

外在部分。crust n. 面包皮;外壳;坚硬外皮vi. 结硬皮;结成外壳vt. 盖以硬皮;在…上结硬

51. D 颗粒因为重力被束缚在月球上,但太过细小,以至于很少碰撞

52. B 绕地球轨道运行时,遇到同样的现象

53. A sketch n. 素描;略图;梗概vt. 画素描或速写vi. 画素描或速写,Cernan描绘了一系列图

片描绘了这幅变化的情景

54. C pop off 脱离,弹出,指颗粒堆脱离地面。

55. D 既然没有风去形成并维持云团,他们的起源也成为了谜团

生词:aluminum n. 铝

seal n.海豹; 印章, 印鉴, 图章; 封条, 封蜡vt.盖章于

particle n. 颗粒;质点;极小量;小品词

fine adj.细致的; 细微的

collide v. vi. 碰撞;抵触,冲突

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of developed world’s environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threads to its inhabitants’ well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor counties, they are often accused of naivety.

56.Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.

But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. 57.The survey will argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.

In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supple have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water. Throughout Latin American, Asia, Africa, 58.forests are disappearing, causing not just long-tem concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage.

58.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation; it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country’s GDP. This

is no more than educated guess, but whichever way the sum is done, the cost is not negligible. 56. The critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should be more concerned about __________.

A. the potential greenhouse effect

B. the harm of genetically engineered crops

C. how to get rid to poverty

D. how to develop education

根据第一段最后一句,批评者认为摆脱贫穷是发展中国家面临的更紧迫的问题,选C

57. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air.

B. Developing countries’ economy will develop rapidly if environmental problems are solved.

C. Conventional wisdom holds that handling environmental problems now will generally cost less.

D. Conventional wisdom has it that solving environmental problems may hurt economic growth. 根据第二段最后一句,传统智慧认为解决环境问题会对经济增长造成影响,选D

58. The underlined word “pundits” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. experts

B. politicians

C. institutes

D. educators

pundit, 指权威,专家,选A

59. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?

A. To analyze the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries.

B. To explain why developing countries should handle the environmental problems immediately.

C. To demonstrate what serious damage pollution can do to a country’s economic development.

D. To explain why rich countries’ environmental concerns have little to do immediate threats.

根据第三四段,污染问题迫在眉睫,需要立即解决

CDAB

生词:

emerge vi.出现; 显出; 暴露

indisputable adj.无可争辩的, 不容置疑的

irritation n. 刺激;刺激物;激怒

equivalent adj.相等的, 相当的

negligible adj.可忽略的, 无足轻重的

(B)

Outdoor Recreation

Get outdoors with this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs.Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for your enjoyment.

All fitness levels are welcome; we can accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at lwright@utsc.utoronto.ca with any questions.Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, no-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg.utoronto.ca or in person at the TPASC Registration desk.

Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refunds are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.

Upcoming Adventures

TBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain Biking

Participants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and all equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.

Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking Trails

A bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trails and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.

Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw Caves

The Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explore the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Come enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.

60. If you are a U of T teaching staff members who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?

A. You can’t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.

B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.

C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.

D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.

正确答案:C

解析:第二段标红处Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, no-registered students and guests of the participants.

61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT___________.

正确答案:A

解析:A是室内活动,文章开头就写get outdoors。

62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?

A. Friday, October 6th: Canoeing &Kayaking on the Humber River

B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1

C. Wednesday, July 19th: Regular Checkup (Men’s only) on Military Trail

D. August 25-27th : White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River

正确答案:D

解析:第一段开头Get outdoors with this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. 所以活动需要是在outdoor,而且是在summer。

生词列表:

1. refund退款;返还金额A refund is a sum of money which is returned to you, for example because you have paid too much or because you have returned goods to a shop.

2. trek VERB (通常指徒步)艰难旅行,跋涉,远足If you trek somewhere, you go on a journey across difficult country, usually on foot.

This year we're going trekking in Nepal.

今年我们准备去尼泊尔远足。

3. serene平静的;宁静的;安详的Someone or something that is serene is calm and quiet.

4. tentative (协议、计划、安排)暂行的,临时的,试探性的Tentative agreements, plans, or arrangements are not definite or certain, but have been made as a first step.

(C)

A recent case in Australia shows how easily fear can frustrate an informant’s good intentions. In December, a woman wrote anonymously to the country’s antitrust watchdog, the ACCC, alleging that her employer was colluding with others in breach of the Trade Practices Act. Her evidence was

sufficient to suggest to the ACCC that fines of A$10m could be imposed on "a large company".

But the agency needed more details. So just before Christmas it advertised extensively to try and persuade the woman to come forward again. Some days later her husband rang the ACCC, but he hung up before disclosing vital information. Now the agency is trying to contact the couple again.

In America, there is some evidence that the events of September 11th have made people more public-spirited and more inclined to blow the whistle. The Government Accountability Project, a Washington-based group, received 27 reproaches from potential informants in the three months before September 11th, and 66 in the three months after. Many of these complaints were about security issues. They included a Federal Aviation Administration employee who claimed that the agency had repeatedly failed to respond to known cases of security violations at airports.

Legislation to give greater protection to people who expose corporate or government misbehavior externally (after having received no satisfaction internally) is being introduced in a

number of countries. In America, it focuses on informants among federal employees. According to Billy Garde, a lawyer who was a member of BP’s Alaska inquiry team, they "have less rights than prisoners". A bill introduced last year by Senator Daniel Akaka to improve protection for them is currently stuck in congressional committees.

In Britain, the came fully into force last year. Described by one American as "the most far-reaching informant protection in the world", it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest. This separates them from people who are merely pursuing a personal grievance. But even in Britain, the protection is limited. Rupert Walker, a fund manager, was fired by Govett Investments in September 2001 for expressing concerns in the Financial Times about a group of people of investment trusts that invest in each other.

63.What does the author most probably think about what the ACCC did to the woman ?

__________

A.Inconsistent.

B.Disheartening.

C.Unreasonable.

D.Bureaucratic.

正确答案: B

解析:首段列举发生在ACCC和那名妇女之间的例子是为了说明该段主题,即首句。开始的时候,那名妇女匿名举报,就是害怕暴露身份,但当时她仍然相信ACCC能按照她提供的证据采取相应的措施,可是ACCC却大登广告,这无异于暴露了这名妇女的身份特征,虽然ACCC可能因为要取得更多的证据才这样做,但它没有考虑到保护证人安全的重要性,这使那名妇女失去了对它的信任,不敢再与其合作,由此可见,选项B为本题答案。

64. It can be inferred that the Federal Aviation Administration employee __________.

A.had repeatedly complained to his employer

B.did not get any response from his employer

C.was concerned about public security

D.became brave after the 9.11 disaster

正确答案:C

解析:作者在第2段末句提到航空管理局的雇员,是为了举例说明该段倒数第2句,由此可推断,该雇员经历了9.11事件之后,出于对公众安全问题的关注,他把雇主的不当行为举报给政府职责促进会,由此可见,选项C为本题答案。从第2段末句虽然提到航空管理局repeatedly未对机场的违规案例做出反应;但这并不意味着机场的违规行为都是由那名雇员向上报告的,因此选项A不正确;从第2段末句难以推断该雇员是否有向他的雇主指出问题的所在,这样看来,当然也难以推断他是否得到过航空管理局的答复了,因此选项B也不是正确的推断;选项D毫无依据,本段根本没有讨论“勇敢”的话题。

65. According to the third paragraph, informants among the American federal employees

___________.

A.disclose misbehavior externally when they are disappointed internally

B.get more protection than people who disclose misbehavior externally

C.have less rights than prisoners

D.get as much protection as before

正确答案

D

解析: [定位] 第3段末句。

[解析] 第3段末句表明虽然保护举报人的法案已经提出,但是未能在国会委员会通过,也就是说,对举报人还未能提供更好的保护,因此选项D为正确的说法。

[点睛] 选项A的说法在第3段首句也有提到,但它说的是“说多国家正在立法对这样做的举报者予以保护”;文章紧接着说,美国重点保护联邦雇员中的举报者,表明联邦雇员中的举报者与采取先内后外行动的举报者是并列关系,联邦雇员举报者并不一定采取“先内后外”的举报手段,故A不正确。原文也没有就第3段第12句提到的不同国家的举报者进行任何对比,因此选项B的说法不正确。选项C来自第3段第9句,但该句并非真的表明举报者的权利比罪犯少,而是通过这个比较说明举报者受到的保护比罪犯还要少,选项C照搬了原文,但没有放在双引号里面,整个意思就改变了。

66. Britain’s protection to informants is not perfect in that ____________.

A.the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force only last year

B.it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest

C.informants are threatened with the possibility of losing their jobs

D.informants are considered as merely pursuing a personal complaint

正确答案: C

解析: 末段一开始说的都是英国举报人保护法的好处,第4句开头的but这一转折连词表明接下来的才是其缺点,由此可见,答案应在第4句及其后寻找,第5句提到举报人可能因为举报而遭解雇,选项C就表达了这个意思。

单词列表:

1. informant 信息提供人An informant is someone who gives another person a piece of information.

2. ADJ 匿名的;无名的;不知名的If you remain anonymous when you do something, you do not let people know that you were the person who did it.

You can remain anonymous if you wish...

你愿意的话可以不透露姓名。

3. collude 共谋;勾结;串通If one person colludes with another, they co-operate with them secretly or illegally.

Several local officials are in jail on charges of colluding with the Mafia...

几位当地官员因被控勾结黑手党而入狱。

4.breach(对条约、法律或承诺的)违反,破坏A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.

5.blow the whistle 告发,揭发

6.reproach 责备;斥责;指责;责怪If you look at or speak to someone with reproach, you show or say that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because they have done something wrong.

He looked at her with reproach...

他用责备的目光看着她。

7.. disheartening令人灰心的;令人气馁的If something is disheartening, it makes you feel disappointed and less confident or less hopeful.

8. bureaucratic官僚式的;官僚主义的Bureaucratic means involving complicated rules and procedures which can cause long delays.

Diplomats believe that bureaucratic delays are inevitable...

外交官们认为繁文缛节造成的延迟是在所难免的。

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

The understanding that literature can comfort, console and heal has been around since the second millennium BC. ______________

As a bibliotherapist(阅读疗法), I’m interested in the therapeutic(有益于健康的) value

stories have to offer us, particularly during times of stress. Here the intent around reading is different; the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.

One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne, who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness: have a lover, have friends and read books. ______________Therefore, the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.

Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul? Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books? Why, despite all the distractions of modern life, do books still get published and writers’ festival events get sold out? The answer lies in the power of stories.

_______________They tell us what it is to be human, give us a context for the past and an insight towards the future. A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed, internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story. Paradoxically, we think we are escaping ourselves but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds. Freud, who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talking cure”, once wrote that wherever he went he discovered a poet had been there before. It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writers.

________________

What stories have shaped you? It’s a question worth reflecting on, as this shaping is often subconscious. The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a

different intent; you will be “reading” your life from now on, allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.

正确答案:ECBF

解析:源文章全文及参考译文

来源《卫报》

The understanding that literature can comfort, console and heal has been around since the second millennium BC; it is no coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.

自公元前两千年以来,人们就意识到文学具有慰藉、安抚和治愈的作用。医药之神阿波罗(Apollo)同时也是位诗歌之神,这并非偶然。

console to make someone feel better when they are feeling sad or disappointed安慰,慰藉,安抚

As a bibliotherapist, I’m interested in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us, particularly during times of stress. Here the intent around reading is different; the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.

身为一名阅读治疗专家,我对于阅读所能提供的治疗价值十分感兴趣,尤其是当人们身处焦虑之时。在这里,阅读的目的发生了变化:我们情绪上做出怎样的反应,故事就具有怎样的意义。

One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne, who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness: have a lover, have friends and read books. But he argued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too common, and while friendship was better it always ended with death. Therefore, the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.

文艺复兴时期散文家蒙田(Michel de Montaigne)曾提出利用文学作为治疗手段这一伟大言论。蒙田认为,治愈孤独有三种方法:去恋爱、去交友和去阅读。但他指出,性爱上的欢愉转瞬即逝,背叛随处可见,相较之下友情确实更加美好,却也会随着任何一方的死亡戛然而止。因此,只有文学能够作为治疗手段伴随终生。

essayist someone who writes essays giving their ideas about politics, society etc论说文[散文,小品文等]作者

Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul? Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books? Why, despite all the distractions of modern life, do books still get published a nd writers’ festival events get sold out? The answer lies in the power of stories.

为什么古希腊人和古罗马人提出的文学能够治愈心灵的观点是正确的呢?为什么蒙田坚信在书籍的终生陪伴下,人们能够忍受漫漫孤寂?为什么在现代生活的百般诱惑下,书籍始终得以出版,作家们的各式庆典活动仍一票难求?答案就蕴含在故事的力量之中。

Stories have been around since time began; they tell us what it is to be human, give us a context for the past and an insight towards the future. A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed, internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story. Paradoxically, we think we are escaping ourselves but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds. Freud, who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talking cure”, once wrote that wherever he went he discovered a poet had been there before. It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writers. They remind us of the universality and timelessness of emotions, helping us better understand our own.

千古以来,故事便一直存在着:故事告诉我们何而为人,让我们了解过去,洞察未来。作者的声音带走了我们内心不安的独白,将我们从生活中抽离,带领我们进入故事中的世界。我们认为这是在逃离自我,但恰恰相反,好的故事引领我们深入自己的内心世界。弗洛伊德认为早在“对话治疗”之前便已有了“阅读治疗”。他曾写到,无论自己去到哪,总能在当地发现一名诗人。要想掌握情绪这门语言着实困难,所以我们才有了作家。他们时刻提醒着我们情绪的普遍与永恒,帮助我们更好地了解自己。

universality the state or quality of being universal 普遍性

What stories have shaped you? It’s a question worth reflecting on, as this shaping is often subconscious. The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent; you will be “reading” your life from now on, allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.

什么样的故事影响了你?这个问题值得我们深思,因为这种影响通常是潜意识的。要想使其意识化,你就得在未来怀揣着一种截然不同的目的去阅读:从现在开始,你将阅读你自己的人生,你将活得更加多姿多彩,你将进一步了解人生。

Recently, more studies are telling us what the ancient Greeks and Romans already knew: reading improves our mental health. In 2009, research out of the University of Sussex found reading could reduce stress levels by 68%, working better at calming nerves than listening to music, going for walks or having a cup of tea. Subjects only had to read silently for six minutes to slow down the heart rate and ease tension in muscles.

近日,许多研究表明:阅读能够改善心理健康。对于这一点,古希腊和古罗马人早已知道。2009年,塞萨克斯大学的(University of Sussex)研究发现,阅读能够减少68%的压力,在镇定安神方面比听音乐更有效。只需安静地阅读六分钟,心率便会有所减慢,肌肉也会有所放松。

A 2013 study found reading literary fiction can help you become more empathetic, by giving you the experience of being emotionally transported to other places and relating to new characters.

Other studies have shown reading can improve sleep quality and ease mild symptoms of depression and anxiety.

2013年的一项研究表明,阅读文学小说能够使人变得更加感同身受,阅读的过程中,情感发生了转移,你与新角色联系在了一起。其他研究则表明,阅读能够改善睡眠质量,缓解抑郁和焦虑等轻度症状。

empathetic Someone who is empathetic has the ability to share another person's feelings or emotions as if they were their own. 体恤别人感受的; 感同身受的

As a bibliotherapist, I am continually reminded that all forms of literature can help people in all sorts of ways. A person who is grieving may need a predictable plot and an ordered fictional world; a man searching for direction or coming to terms with retirement may need a novel that reflects and explores the transience of life; a mother of young children may reach for a novel that illustrates the arc of life and reminds her she is in just one – albeit messy and tiring – chapter for now.

身为一名阅读治疗专家,我时常意识到无论什么形式的文学,无论以何种方式阅读,都将对人们有帮助。陷入悲伤的人需要的是可以预测的情节和一个井然有序的虚拟世界;正在找寻人生方向或是即将步入退休的人需要小说来反映和探索生命的稍纵即逝;年幼孩子的母亲或许需要的则是一本能够阐述生命轨迹的书籍,这本书会提醒她,即使现在日子过得一塌糊涂且疲惫不堪,这也只是漫长人生中的一章节罢了。

transience If you talk about the transience of a situation, you mean that it lasts only a short time or is constantly changing. 稍纵即逝

Sometimes it is not the content of the stories themselves but just knowing you have control by choosing to read or listen that provides the calming effect. All stories offer a safe, contained world with a beginning, middle and end. We have the power of when to start or stop and choose how long we stay in this story’s world.

有的时候,并不是书本本身的内容起到了安抚的作用,而是人们通过去选择读什么或是听什么来获得一种掌控感,从而得以镇定。所有的故事里都有一个安全且从容的世界,有开头,有中段,还有结尾。我们有权选择何时开始,何时结束,也有权选择在这个故事中的世界待上多久。

Time spent listening to authors talk about their work and their own understanding of the power of literature also allows us, as readers, to reflect on stories that have shaped us.

花点时间,听听作者谈谈他们的作品,谈谈他们是如何理解文学的力量,这样的话,身为读者的我们也能够反思那些曾影响自己的作品。

“Why do stories matter so terribly to us, that we will offer ourselves up to, and later be grateful for, an experience that we know is goi ng to fill us with grief and despair?” questions Helen Garner in her latest collection, Everywhere I Look.

“为什么阅读对我们而言如此重要,即使知道故事里充满着悲伤与绝望,我们还是会将自己奉上,并最终心怀感激呢?”海伦·加纳(Helen Garner)在她最新出版的书籍《我看到的每一处》(Everywhere I Look)中问道。

Robert Dessaix, in his memoir What Days Are For, explores narrative as an “optimistic form”: “Is that why I’m reading a novel in the first place? It’s not a Pollyanna-ish form, it’s not devoid of unravellings and pain, but it’s optimistic in the sense that you keep turning the pages, one af ter the other … in the hope of something transforming happening. Isn’t that it? In the hope of a transforming answer to your particular questions.”

罗伯特·德萨斯(Robert Dessaix)在他的回忆录《日子是用来干什么的》(What Days Are For)中将叙述小说形容为一种“乐观的形式”:这就是我一开始读小说的原因。这种乐观并不是盲目的乐观,它并不是没有任何的解答与痛苦。这种乐观在于你不停地往下翻,一页接着一页…希望接下来会有什么反转。难道不是吗?希望自己某些特殊的问题能有个反转的答案。

unravel to understand or explain something that is mysterious or complicated理解;解释,阐明

Both authors are exploring their identity as readers and the impact reading can have. The writers’ festival is more than an event celebrating authors; it also celebrates the power of literature and the power of you, the reader.

作家不仅探索自己身上作为读者的成分,同时也在探索阅读所带来的影响力。作家们的庆典活动不仅仅是为了庆祝作者本身,还是为了庆祝文学的力量,以及我们读者的力量。

翻译:

1.你怎么能指望在合作过程中依靠一个言而无信的人呢?(expect)

2.只有在自然灾害发生的时候,人们才会真正了解大自然的威力。(Only)

3.尽管许多西方国家在过去的十年中采用了多种政策来鼓励人们生儿育女,但至今效果甚微。(effect)

4.经济学家在上个月的杂志中题型消费者:“便宜没好货”这句中国谚语并不适用于所有国内的工业品(apply)

Keys;

1.How can you expect to rely on a person who always breaks his words/ promises in the process of cooperation?

2.Only when natural disaster occur will human beings truly understand the power of nature.

3.Although many western countries have adopted various policies to encourage bear sons and daughters there has been little effect so far.

The economist reminded customers in the magazine last month that the Chinese proverb that the cheap products are of poor quality didn’t apply to all the domestic manufactures

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2017上海化学高考试卷分析 alTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid so-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid so-border-insidev: .5pt solid so-yfti-iroso-yfti-firstro; BORDER-LEFT: ; BORDER-BOTTOM: so-border-alt: solid al style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.71">知识块 题号 分值 占有百分比 概念与理论

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化学实验 10、26、27 约23 15% 化学计算 17、20、22、24/(1)(3)(4)、25/(4)、30 约38 25% 3.与最近三年相比 知识块

占有百分比08年 09年 10年 概念与理论33% 31% 25% 元素化合物13%

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