00595自考英语阅读试卷(答案全面)

自考课程综合测验

英语阅读(一) 试卷 （课程代码 00595 ）

PART ONE( 60 POINTS)

I. CAREFUL READING

Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2

points each)

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding--

being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work,

which adds to the fatigue.

We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep

putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And

the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is

obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or

putting it under a pile of other things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first.

To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but We can not seem to do the job right.

Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience

of failure carries with it an ever increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can- -then let

the unconscious take over.

1. Which of the following can be called an evil circle?

A. Success - zeal - success - zeal.

B. Failure - tiredness - failure - tiredness.

C. Failure - zeal - failure - tiredness.

D. Success 一exhaustion - success - exhaustion.

2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience_______.

A. tiredness

B. performance fatigue

C. start-up fatigue

D. unconsciousness

3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need_________.

A. toughness

B. prevention

C. muscles

D. strong willpower

4. The word insurmountable in the last paragraph probably means___________. A. unable to be solved B. unlikely to be understood C. unable to be imagined D. unlikely to be rejected

5. According to the passage ，which of the following statements is NOT true?

A .It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue.

B. Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.

C. One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle.

D. Fatigue often accompanies failure.

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Whenever I see anyone buying a National Lottery ticket I want to stop them and ask if they just know where their

money is going.

The lottery money is Posed to go to charity- but it makes me angry to see some of the so-called “good causes” it's being

used to support. Also, Camelot, the organizer, has made a profit of ￡10.8 million in five months. We hear now that a

lot of that money is booting the pay packets of the company’s bosses.

For the past 10 years I've been helping to raise funds for a cancer research charity called Tenovus. My husband, Sandy,

died from cancer 11 years ago- -he was only 51. There's been a long line of deaths in our family through cancer and it's

been devastating. I've also lost two sisters-in-law, my brother, Michael, my father in-law and my father. That' s apart

from several close friends.

The charity is 50 years old now and raises money mainly for breast cancer research. It also runs a support line for the

families of caner sufferer. Our local group rises money through dances, sales and coffee mornings, and all the funds go

directly 10 caner research. In 1933 Tenovus raised ￡3million---and half that money came from sales of our own lottery

tickets at supermarkets. But our income has dropped by half since the National Lottery was introduced.

I'm not against people playing the National Lottery, but they should think about what they`re doing. The chances of

winning the jackpot are so small; they might as well throw their money away. The Government tells us that the proceeds

are going to things like the arts and sports but what about the National Health Service? They should give some cash to

that, too. How can they justify spending ridiculous amounts of cash on so-called works of art- like displays of photos -or

buying up Winston Churchill's papers at a cost of ￡ 12 million?

So who really are the winners in the National Lottery? When I think of all that money people

could be donating to cancer research, I could weep. It' s time people realized how charities across the country are

suffering because of the National Lottery. It's disheartening and so infuriating.

6. The writer seems to hope that_________.

A. people will spend more money on the National Lottery

B. people will give more money to charity

C. most of the lottery money will go to charity

D. most of the lottery money will be used for cancer research

7. The reason why the writer raises funds for cancer research is that_________.

A. she herself is suffering from cancer

B. the cancer is the most frightening disease

C. a number of her relatives died of cancer

D. some cancer research needs more money than other research

年级 班级 准考证号 姓名

8. In this text the writer is expressing________.

A. her personal opinions

B. the opinions of the general public

C. her feelings about cancer sufferers

D. some ideas of fund-raising

9. The organization “Tenovus" is_________.

A. run by a group of people in the writer’ s town

B. a charity organization which has some local groups

C. set up to collect money for people who lose their relatives

D. set up to assist the National Lottery

10. From the text we can conclude that__________

A. the writer is enthusiastically supporting the National Lottery

B. the writer has objections to the National Lottery

C. the writer believes that the lottery money should be used for cancer research

D. the writer is just expressing her feelings about collecting money for charity

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

“Burn rate" is the speed at which a start-up business consumes money. My rate would be $ 50 000 a month when my new media company started. So, I began looking around for individuals who would be my first investors.“ Angel money" it was called. But when I reviewed my list of acquaintances to find those who might be able to help, I found the number got small. With no other choices, I began meeting with the venture-capital companies. But I was warned they took a huge share of your company for the money they put in. And if you struggled, they could drop you cold.

As I was searching for“Angel money”, I star ted to build a team who trusted me even though I

didn't have money for paychecks yet.

Bill Becker was an expert in computer programming and image processing at a very famous

Media Lab at M. I. T. With his arrival, my company suddenly had a major technolog y“guy" in-house.

Katherine Henderson, a film-maker and a former real-estate dealer，joined us as our director of market research. Steve White came on as operating officer. He had worked for the developer of a home- finance software, Quicken. We grabbed him.

We had some really good people, but we still didn’t have enough money. One night, my neighbor, Louise Johnson, came for a visit. She and I were only nodding acquaintances, but her boys and ours were constant companions. She ran a very good business at the time.

Louise was brilliant and missed nothing. She had been watching my progress closely. She knew I was dying for money and I had prospects but could offer no guarantees of success. She told me that her attorney had talked to mine and the terms had been agreed upon.

She handed me an envelope. Inside was a check for $ 500 ,000.

I almost fell down. I heard her voice as if from heaven.

“I have confidence in your plan，” she said. “You'll do well. You’re going to work hard for it, but it's satisfying when you build your own company.”

Who would have thought I' d find an angel so close to home? There were no words sufficient for the moment. We just said good night. She left and I just stood there，completely humbled and completely

committed.

11. For a newly-estab lished business,“burn rate”refers to_________.A. The salary it pays to its staff

B. the interest it pays to the bank

C. the way in which it raises capital

D. the speed at which it spends money

12. By“Angel money”, the author refers to________.

A. the money borrowed from banks

B. the money spent to promote sales

C. the money raised from close friends

D. the money needed to start a business

13. To get help from a venture-capital company, you may have to______.

A. put up with unfair terms

B. change your business line

C. enlarge your business scope

D. let them operate your business

14. The author easily built a team for his company because______.

A. They were underpaid at their previous jobs

B. They were turned down by other companies

C. They were confident of the author and his business

D. They were satisfied with the salaries in his company

15. Louise decided to lend money to the author because______.

A. she wanted to join his company

B. she knew he would build a team

C. she knew his plan would succeed

D. she wanted to help promote his sales

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Pronouncing a language is a sill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign language. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do their own languages is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problems of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill--one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself.

I think, even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect the branch of study concerned with speaking in their practical teaching. So，the first point I want to make here is that the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to the teaching of English pronunciation. There should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take the second place.

Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge ; the second，technique.

It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can

generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. But the first and most important part of a language teacher' s technique is his own

performance，his ability to demonstrate the spoken language. in every detail of articulation (发音) as well as in fluent speaking, so that the student' s talent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement.

16. What does the author actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?

A. Quite a few people are proficient.

B. Few people are reasonably proficient.

C. People realize the importance of pronouncing foreign languages.

D. People tend to spend more time on pronouncing than selling.

17. According to the author, pronouncing a foreign language is a skill that requires___

A. leaving it to take care of itself

B. careful training of a special kind

C. focusing on learners ’own performances

D. obtaining much of the theoretical knowledge

18. Regarding the teaching of English pronunciation, the author has made all the following suggestions EXCEPT_________

A. to learn from a native speaker

B. to devote some lesson time

C. to demonstrate the spoken language

D. to possess the necessary information

19. In the author's view, priority should sometimes be given to _____ in the practical teaching.

A. grammar

B. spelling

C. writing

D. pronunciation

20. The language teacher' s own oral performance is particularly important because_____.

A. the students may admire the teacher’s spoken language

B. the students may have a high respect for the teacher' s authority

C. the student's vision can be widened to the fullest scope

D. the student' s speaking ability can be developed through imitation

II. SPEED READING

Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points, 1 point each )

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Sine he Second Word War, there has been an obvious trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady” through high school，and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying heads over the ways of rebellious youth. However, emotional maturity does not grow with age; it does not arrive automatically at twenty -one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three -score years and ten.

Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. However, any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems ; more often, it merely worsens them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say that they are abandoning one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate good, but they themselves are wrong i n believing that they have found the true center of life’s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow. Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more than all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

21. The phrase “go steady" (Para. 1) can be replaced by_____

A. break up very often

B. keep changing partners

C. maintain the relationship

D. believe in early marriages

22. The phrase “shaking of graying heads" (Para. 1) refe rs to______.

A. the anger of parents

B. the disapproval of old people

C. the radical behaviors of the young

D. the unruly manners of young lovers

23. Besides escaping from unsatisfying home life, young people also marry early___

A. for personal development

B. for financial support

C. to get rid of their loneliness

D. to stay away from their parents

24. According to the author，marriage more often than not________.

A. ends up in divorce

B. leads to tragedies

C. proves to be successful

D. worsens one’s problems

25. The author argues that_____

A. older people suspect early marriages

B. early marriages should not be encouraged

C. early marriages are not always unsuccessful

D. older people are wrong about early marriages

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.

Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies，the design of buildings

was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.

Increasing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood，stone or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neigh-boring areas stone was widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy

land-owners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charleston，wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.

Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made lager and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730，advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.

26. The passage mainly discusses_____.

A. the improved design of the 18th century colonial houses

B. the role of carpenters in building the 18th century houses

C. the varieties of decorations used in the 18th century houses

D. a comparison of the 18th century houses and modern houses

27. Those responsible for designing houses in the 18th century North America were_____

A. customers

B. carpenters

C. interior decorators

D. professional architects

28. Stones were commonly used to build houses in_____

A. Virginia

B. Boston

C. Charleston

D. Pennsylvania

29. The word“ predecessors"(Para.4) refers to____

A. colonists in the 17th century

B. wooden houses in Charleston

C. houses before the 18th century

D. interior improvements in houses

30. It can be inferred from the 4th paragraph that before 1730_____.

A. patterned wallpaper was not widely used

B. patterned wallpaper was not used in stone houses

C. wallpaper samples could be found in libraries

D. wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints

Ⅲ DISCOURSE CLOZE

Read the passage, and fill in the numbered spaces ( there are more suggested answers than necessary ) . Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)

We have all had to work and do things (31) ______. Usually, some chirpy (话泼的)person would tell us to be more enthusiastic. “You’' II have more fun," they would say. Well, they were partly right. Being enthusiastic about something means being excited about a given project. Enthusiasm entails having a strong interest in the task at hand. If you decided to learn a new

language, (32) ______, you would have to dedicate yourself wholehearted to the cause. Anything less would result in failure.

What is real enthusiasm? In your quest for success，enthusiasm means (33) ______. You also believe that your job is important and contributes to the cause. It means that you’re willing to work your butt off (努力做某事) to achieve the company's goals. Real enthusiasm is (34) ______.You have zeal for the work you do and the people you work with. This pushes you to improve and become a better person. Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work, and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally. Furthermore, (35) ______..

This is where passion really comes into play. When you love what you do, it isn`t too difficult to get psyched up and get the job done. The hard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks.

Passion helps you get ahead. Enthusiasm about a job or project usually translates into positive

energy. That is, (36) ______, you will be anxious to get started and get results. The mere fact of looking forward to your work will help make you more productive and effective. You will plan more effectively and pay careful attention to detail. You will carry out your plan more carefully and aim for the best results possible. Another important point is (37 )_______. A leader must hare zest(38) _______. A leader must inspire his troops. To inspire them, he needs to exude enthusiasm. In leaders, this translates into charisma (领袖人物的超凡魅力). Being fervent about your work shows a willingness to do more and learn more. This will definitely help you stand out from the crowed and get top management’s attention.

Increasing your enthusiasm. Most men aren`t born great- -they become great. Similarly,(39)_______.However, do not despair; there are ways to become more passionate. One good way boost your gusto is by reading about successful people, it will help you realize (40) _______ Reading about real success stories often illustrates that people much like yourself have become business leaders. In most cases ，they all share one trait: enthusiasm. If you want to succeed, you should be excited about your work，your life and your coworkers.

( From Enthusiasm Leads to Success)

A. if you are excited about a project

B. if people are to follow him and achieve the corporate mission

C. not everyone is the enthusiastic type that falls in love with their work

D. that we did not especially enjoy

E. that passionate people are usually those that are thrust into positions of leadership

F. when you leap out of bed in the morning and attack your day with gusto (热忱)

G. that you too can make it happen

H. when you have conflict of interest with your company

I. which is not easy by any account

J. most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult to carry out

K. that you believe deeply in what the company is doing

PART TWO( 40 POINTS )

IV. WORD FORMA TIONS

Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 20 points, 2 point each)

41. ( reflect) In his latest collection of poems readers are confronted with a series of ____ on death.

42. (hope) We tried to stop the flames from spreading, but we knew it was ____ .

43. ( relation ) He suffers from memory loss ____ to his disease.

44. ( courage) When things aren't going well, my coach will ____ me, telling me not to give up.

45. ( easy) For him, learning French is ____ than learning Russian.

46. ( frank) I’m concerned about your lack of marketing experience and，____ , you' re pretty new at all this.

47. ( office) The report has not yet revealed ____ corruption in relation to road building.

48. ( hand) John invited twelve people to his birthday party, but only a ____ of them came.

49. ( understand) Don't ____ me-I' m not criticizing your decision.

50. ( dead) The old woman was very sad about the ____ of her only son.

V. GAP FILLING

Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words in the box ( there are more words than necessary ).

There was a time in the early history of man when the days had no names! The (51)____was quite simple: Man had not invented the week.

In those days, the only division of times was the (52)n____, and there were too many days in the month for each of them to have a separate name. But when men began to build cities, they wanted to have a special day on which to (53 )______，a market day. Sometimes these

market days were fixed at every tenth day, some every seventh or every fifth day. The Babylonians (54)_______ that it should be every seventh day. On this day they didn't work, but met for trade or religious festivals.

The Jews followed their (55) _______, but kept every seventh day for religious purposes. On this day the week came into existence. It was space between market days. The Jews gave (56)_______ of the seven days a name, but it was really a number after the Sabbath day ( which was Saturday). For example, Wednesday was (57)_______ the fourth day ( four days after Saturday).

When the Egyptians adopted s the seven-day week, they named the days after five (58)________, the sun and the moon. The Romans used the Egyptian names for their days of the week: the day of the sun, of the moon, of the planet Mans, of Mercury of Jupiter, of Venus and of Saturn.

We get our names for the days not from the Romans but from the Anglo-Saxons, who called most of the days after their own (59 )_____，which were roughly the same as the gods of the

Romans. The day of the sun became Sannandaeg, or Sunday. The day of the (60)_____ was called Monandaeg, or Monday. The day of Mars became the day of the Tiw, who was their god of war. This became Tiwesdaeg，or Tuesday. Instead of Mercu ry’s name, that of the god Woden was given to Wednesday. The Roman day of Jupiter, the thunder, became the day of the thunder god Thor, and this became Thursday. The next day was named for Frigg, the wife of their god Odin, and so we have Friday. The day of Saturn became Saeterndaeg, a translation from the Roman, and then Saturday.

VI. TRANSLATION

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read it carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points ,2 points each )

(61) Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. (62) Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building block toys and jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples.

(63)Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed

represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being. (64) As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. (65) Also, parents should realize that“example is better than precept”.

答案：

阅读一（00595）

PART ONE( 60 POINTS)

I. CAREFUL READING

Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and

自考00596英语阅读(二)自考模拟试题(一)

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