解析《德伯家的苔丝》中方言的翻译策略
解析《德伯家的苔丝》中方言的翻译策略
【摘要】托马斯·哈代是英国十九世纪著名的诗人、小说家，他的代表作《德伯家的苔丝》发表于十九世纪末期。作品描绘了在当时英国的农村，一位普通农村女性悲惨的人生和命运，以主人公苔丝短暂的一生为读者展现了一幕人间悲剧。本文对《德伯家的苔丝》中方言的翻译策略进行了详细的解读。
【关键词】《德伯家的苔丝》；哈代；方言
哈代是十九世纪英国著名的小说家、诗人。他的代表作《德伯家的苔丝》充分体现了他的创作精神。作品的主人公苔丝是一位清新优美的少女形象。她对美好生活有着无限的渴望和追求，她气质高雅，容貌娇美，让人不禁感叹造物主的神奇，然而，就是这样一位美好的少女，却在社会的丑恶中走向毁灭，让人扼腕叹息。通过作品，作者对陈旧是中古思想和宗教道德进行了强烈的抨击，揭示了这些思想道德对人性的束缚，对社会进步的阻碍。苔丝对人间真善美的追求，与腐朽的社会制度以及道德理念形成了强烈的对比，让人们在哈代的嘲讽中深深感悟。
一、作品解读
十九世纪的英国，仍然处于男权主义思想的统治之下，女性在社会中的主体地位和主体意识严重缺失，只能作为男性的附属品，承受着身心的双重压迫。当时的英国正处于维多利于鏊时代，是英国工业革命发展的巅峰，英国在这一时期发展成为“日不落帝国”，英国的大资本主义在这一时期向农村迅速渗透和蔓延。聪明美丽而勤劳善良的少女苔丝对自由和平等有着无限的向往；但是她只是一位工厂工人，一个社会最底层的劳动者，在当时男权主义思想的统治下，她根本就无法摆脱男权制对女性思想和行为的束缚。哈代在作品中始终对男权制社会观念和思想道德进行抨击。对亚雷这个在资产阶级的投机者，内心肉欲横流，却扮起一幅假面孔来欺骗苔丝，给这位纯洁的少女在精神和肉体上造成了极大的伤害，而最具有讽刺意味的是，最后苔丝被判了死刑，亚雷却变成了一个牧师，收到法律保护。
苔丝短暂的一生都受到了男权制和社会家长制的禁锢，他的思想被奴化，人身自由被束缚。作为一个向往自由的新女性，苔丝却一直没有得到相应的社会主体地位，在父权制面前，她的理想是那么的苍白无力。最初的苔丝是一位乡下女孩，她端庄秀美、纯洁善良。但是母亲为了让全家人摆脱贫穷受苦的生活状态，竟然想要苔丝与亚雷这个冒牌贵族、伪君子结亲；当时的女性主义思想已经开始涌动，资本主义上流社会的女性可以寻找属于自己的爱情，可以选择自己喜欢的生活，而苔丝却失去了这些权利，亚雷这个暴发户对苔丝的心灵和肉体实施了无情的蹂躏和摧残，最后走向了死亡和毁灭。苔丝的母亲一直认为女儿的美貌就是资本，是通向上流社会和富裕生活的钥匙，只要女儿能嫁给亚雷并取得亚雷的欢心，那么苔丝就一定能成为上流社会的贵妇人，而她只要抓住女儿这张王牌，就能过上衣食无忧的生活。虽然苔丝明白在当时的社会环境中，女人的美貌可以是通向美好生活的资本，也可能是让全家万劫不复的病毒。但是母亲的诱导让苔丝还是一步步走进了这个陷阱，走进了不平等婚姻的牢笼。苔丝的母亲得知亚雷已经占有了女儿的身体，她的内心竟然没有意一丝的愤怒和担心，而是觉得这是一个好的信息，认为亚雷对苔丝动了心，要娶她为妻。她甚至在背后鼓动女儿：既然事情发生了，你就应该让他娶你，这对于任何一个女人都应该这样做。专横跋扈的封建家长观念彻底断送了女儿的一生，让苔丝在痛苦中煎熬和走向灭亡。
在维多利亚时代，封建男权主义发展到顶峰，男权制思想对人们的思想和女性意识的束缚达到顶点。当时社会的主流思想是，男性是社会的主导和中心，是权力和地位的拥有者。女性没有完全的人格和社会地位，只能依附男性存在。男性可以对女性随意摆布和支配，但是不服从男性或者有其他想法的女性是不被社会认可的，是要受到指责的。在《德伯家的苔丝》这部小说，作者哈代塑造了苔丝这样一个爱与美结合的完美女性形象，女性意识开始觉醒，她始终不甘心受到男性的侮辱和摆布。她开始反抗男权主义，反抗封建思想道德对女性
的束缚。她要追求自己的爱情，选择自己想要的生活方式。苔丝认为，真正的爱情不能以物质利益为基础，不能屈从于任何一个男性的摆布，而是向往平等自由和没有物质欲的纯洁婚姻。在这一切都不能实现时，她宁可杀死亚雷，哪怕要付出生命的代价，也要追求那一瞬间的自由，所以，在她杀死亚雷之后，与自己的心上人度过了最为珍贵和幸福的短暂时光，然后昂首挺胸走向刑场，无所畏惧也无所遗憾，苔丝是用生命对父权制的罪恶进行控诉和抗争。
二、方言翻译策略
1、方言的对等翻译策略
一直以来，文学作品中的方言都是翻译工作者最为棘手的问题，可以说是对翻译工作的绝对挑战。如果从作品的整体分析，方言不仅仅是字面上所表达出来的意思，更重要是带有很丰富的地域性特色和文体功能的体现。例如，运用方言会让作品更加真实可信，让读者赶到更为亲切，或者在塑造人物形象，增强文本艺术效果和体现作品讽刺意味等方面发挥着重要作用。但是，世界各地的方言因为语种和地域的不同会在文化内涵上存在着巨大的差异，译文如何体现这一功能，成为翻译工作者的首要难题。因而，在不同的翻译实践中，译者的翻译策略一直是翻译界争论的焦点并且往往难以达成一致。然而，方言对译的出现改变了这一状况，这种翻译策略竟然前所未有的受到了翻译界的一致欢迎。这种方法就是采用目标语的方言来代替原语方言，许多学者在实践中采用这一翻译策略并取得了良好的效果。
在具体翻译的时候，如何翻译文学作品中的方言以及如何将英语文学作品中的方言翻译成汉语需要我们进一步讨论。第一，方言与标准语的翻译有很大差异，方言翻译很难真正做到“对等”或者是忠实原文。在语体或者语义上会有一定程度的损失；第二，在确认方言功能方面的工作远比翻译要重要得多，例如，表达地理位置信息的方言就无法用任何方式翻译，只能保持原文的语音，如果是表达人物身份或者教育的方言，则可以采用对等法进行补偿翻译。例如将原文中的方言翻译成口语化和地方化的汉语，而原文中的标准语则翻译成正式的，标准的汉语。孙致礼先生在翻译《德伯家的苔丝》这部小说时，针对方言采用的就是汉语通俗表达法。
我国很多翻译工作者都采用不同的方式进行翻译，例如《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝与妈妈的对话在翻译时就因策略的不同而出现了很大的分歧。苔丝的妈妈是一个农村妇女，只会说威赛克斯方言，她弄不懂家族的名字，不懂历史。张若谷在翻译的时候就用很多山东方言对威赛克斯方言进行翻译，比如叨登、叨咕、晕达乎儿，意思是回忆过去，絮絮叨叨和喝醉酒的意思。这种方言对等的翻译模式自然会让译文妙趣横生；孙致礼先生在翻译的时候则完全采用了通俗汉语的翻译模式。很多学者提倡方言对等翻译，但是也有很多学者持不同意见。他们认为两个完全不同语种之间是无法进行对等翻译的。如张若谷的译本中虽然用山东方言表达了苔丝妈妈的想吐气息，但是却将很多其他功能丢失了，原文本的语言特点也有很大程度的扭曲。但是与孙致礼的翻译策略不同，张若谷的翻译策略却在人物形象塑造方面凸显出了巨大的效果。他用山东方言展现了一个喋喋不休、喜欢炫耀的农村妇女形象。在国外，方言是有社会标志的，所以会影响到操方言者的尊严问题，但是在中国没有这种顾虑，翻译过错也没有想象的那么严重。但是我们能否承认说方言的对等翻译是不可行的呢，答案当然是否定的，虽然对缝翻译会给文本信息造成损失，但是出于艺术效果和社会影响的考虑，仍然不失为一种可取的翻译策略。
2、冗余信息的增加
翻译的目的，是实现不同语种之间的互相转换，以便达到文化交流的目的。译者在这里可谓是责任重大，他不仅是原文的读者，更是目标语译文的作者。译者可以说是一个信使，他首先要接收原语文本的信息，然后再将其进行处理和传递，最后面对目标语读者进行发送。所以，译者必须要了解原文作者的写作背景、风格、修辞手法、艺术手法、文本要表达的内
涵等等一系列的信息，然后再次基础上进行转码处理，然后将处理后的信息再以接受者最容易接收的方式传达出去。
翻译时必然会出现一种状况，那就是冗余信息的增加，总的来讲，那就是要原文省略的部分要补足，重复的部分要体现，隐含的语义要表达出来，历史文化背景等等知识要进行补充说明。这些信息的增加都是为了目标语读者能更好地理解译文，以达到了解和理解原文的目的。学者们提出，这种文本之外的信息，其实不应该参与到文本本身的翻译中，而是应该以解释，注释的形式进行正文外说明。尤其是对于原文本的历史背景，风俗习惯等等，译者必须要注释。张若谷在翻译《德伯家的苔丝》时，就在译注这方面做得很是成功，例如，他打着喳喳儿说：“三个利亚，都为的是一个拉结呀”，注解说明在《旧约·创世纪》中，雅各为拉班工作，只是为了能得到拉结拉结的故事来让读者能明了，这里引用这个典故就是为了表明克莱对苔丝的爱。因为中国的读者不甚了解西方文化，所以这种历史背景或者古典根据的注释是必须的。另外，还有针对西方的一些传统节日，风俗习惯，宗教信仰，也必须让中国的读者在了解的基础上再去欣赏作品，这样才是对原文以及原作者的最大尊重。这时，必要的冗余信息的增加就是为了解决这些问题最行之有效的方法。
结论：
英国十九世纪著名的小说家、诗人托马斯·哈代于1891年发表了他的代表作——长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》。以悲剧的手法展现了维多利亚时代发生在英国农村的一个美丽少女的悲剧故事。从小说问世起，整个社会都感受到了这个悲剧带来的震撼人心的力量，但是也引来了评论界的种种争议。哈代在当时的社会背景下，塑造了一个失贞而且杀夫的女性并且对她进行赞扬和歌颂，为当时的社会难以接受。但是哈代本着敢于挑战权威和思想道德的勇气，为后人留下了一部稀世珍品。
参考文献：
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浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源的论文
浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源的论文 摘要：《德伯家的苔丝》是英国文学巨匠托马斯?哈代的代表作。女主人公苔丝的悲剧和不幸是由多种原因造成的。本文以女性主义的角度为出发点，从两个方面分析导致苔丝悲剧命运的根源，即：教育和苔丝自身因素。 关键词：哈代；苔丝；悲剧命运；女性主义 一、引言 19世纪末出现妇女解放运动第一次高潮。而“哈代的作品中反映了与时代相吻合的女性解放的思想,而且在作品中,女性对传统道德观念和社会的反抗是非常激烈的”。托马斯?哈代大胆地将创作的目光投向农村，深入的关注普通农家的悲剧命运。他十分擅长刻画女性人物悲剧命运,旨在揭露男权社会给女性造成的伤害,批判男性中心主义。 二、托马斯?哈代及苔丝简介 托马斯?哈代是横跨19世纪和20世纪的著名小说家和诗人，英国批判现实主义文学的代表人物，被沃尔夫誉为“英国小说家中最伟大的悲剧大师”。其作品即承接英国维多利亚时代的文学精髓又体现二十世纪的文学创新,气势磅礴。以辽阔深远的背景与渺小的人物形象之间的巨大反差和动人的对比描写，给读者以深刻的印象和心灵的震撼。 《德伯家的苔丝》刻画了一个善良、坚强、自尊、宽容而美丽的女性形象——苔丝。由于天真无知而受到富家浪子的侮辱，身心饱受摧残。但“她并没有自暴自弃，怨天尤人，而是勇敢地面对挫折；为减轻家里的负担，应付虚荣的父母，她勇于承受重担，奔走于不同农场，养家糊口；对待爱情，她自尊又执着”。她被“认为是唯一的一位逃脱了决定主义的人”，颠覆了传统的伦理道德。哈代极力要摧毁的正是这种道德观念，让女性摆脱僵化的传统习俗的控制。他对“堕落女性”的处境给予了极大的关注，对苔丝给予了深切的同情和宽容，带给读者对妇女生存状态的反思。 三、从女性主义角度分析苔丝悲剧命运的根源 苔丝从一位天使般的少女到绞刑架上的杀人犯,是何种邪恶力量在逼迫、摧残、毁灭着这“有自我意志，完整个性的女性？”，把这一优雅迷人的高尚女性一步步推向死亡深渊?苔丝悲剧的根源何在?以下从女性主义的角度审视《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝被压迫的血泪史,剥下男权中心主义这张丑陋的外皮。 （一）教育。 英国女权主义思想家朱丽叶?米切尔在《妇女:最漫长的革命》中指出“歧视存在的基础是教育,而不是经济。在英国要求同工,首先要求接受同等教育,因为这一原因致使妇女从事社会地位较低的工作”。从这一理论出发,剖析苔丝走向悲剧的一个主要因素:教育的贫乏。 “她最早的职业梦想是成为一名教师,但天不遂人愿”。由于家庭贫穷,苔丝很早就步入社会，她做过很多体力活，而且是同工不同酬。因所受教育贫乏,她无法获取较高社会地位与收入的工作,个人与娘家均陷入极度贫困,最终不得不接受亚雷克庇护。“接受庇护”是当克莱尔归来,苔丝杀死亚雷克,走向毁灭的直接导火线。另一方面教育对于女性的重要影响,表现在提高女性心智与觉悟上。苔丝受骗失身带着委屈,饱含心酸地控诉“名门小姐们都了解该防备什么,怎样去防备,因为她们都读小说,小说中会谈到这些男人们的诡计,可我从没机会读小说，哪能知道呢”。中国有句古话“女子无才便是德”,同样说明男权控制下的整个社会对女性受教育的排斥。压迫女性的邪恶力量让女性心智处于不开化状态,使女性沦为其奴隶。在这传统观念笼罩下,苔丝的梦想只能是幻想。教育问题不解决,苔丝式的妇女悲剧将不可逆转,女性终为男权社会的牺牲品。正如西蒙?波伏娃所说:“女人在父兄所支配的家庭中,处于奴隶或仆人的地位,她始终是由男性做主而嫁给另外的男性。” （二）苔丝自身的因素。
德伯家的苔丝英文简介
德伯家的苔丝英文简介 As is known to all, Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy. Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins. Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor bu t peaceful life. However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl. One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. Tess’s p arents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news. Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Urbervilles. There she meets Alec D’U rbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles. Her tragic life has just begun. Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness. For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel. After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child. She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust. Tess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay. In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continues to tempt Tess. He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent. At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man. However, the tragedy has not finished yet. Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate. After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows Angel and escape with him. They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later. The turn of events and the moment of catharsis prove that the novel is a classic Aristotelian tragedy
德伯家的苔丝梗概(英文)
Tess of the D’Urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝） By Thomas Hardy 1891 Main character: 苔丝Tess 亚历克Alec，其父原名Simon Stokes，后冠以贵族姓氏D’Urbervilles 安吉尔·克莱尔Angel Clare Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy (托马斯·哈代). Tess comes from a farmer’s family. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. One day her parents learn that they are descended from(来源于) the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. They urges Tess to claim kinship with(攀亲戚) the D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes to their house to seek help. There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles who manages to seduce (引诱) the girl and make her pregnant(怀孕的). Being humiliated(羞辱), Tess returns home. Nevertheless(但是), without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work at a farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess tells her husband the truth. She begs for forgiveness (原谅), but Angel chooses to leave for Brazil. Several years later, Tess and her family remains poor and she even has no place to stay. At that time, Alec D’Urbervilles appears again. He takes advantage of the poverty of Tess and promises to support her family. Tess has to live with her foe(仇人). However, Angel Claire regrets(后悔) and comes back. Tess thinks Alec is the person who makes her lose Angel Claire again. She kills Alec angrily. In the end, She is hanged(处以绞刑).
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧命运分析
The Tragedy of Tess in Tess of the D’ Urberville Abstract:Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the famous British novelist and poet Thomas hardy’s masterpiece. It is known as the treasure of English literature and world literature. The novel describes a pure gir l’s tragic fate. This thesis tries to probe the inevitable factors and significance of her tragedy from the aspects of social environment, religion, moral, family, nature and so on. Key Words:tragedy; factor; Tess; Alec; Angel. Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the time of the 19th century. In his whole life he published fourteen accomplished novel, forty-seven short stories, more than nine hundred poems. In his youth, Hardy had been greatly influenced by some liberal thinkers such as Darwin and John Stuart Mill. In his novels, Hardy incorporated many of these themes in order to portray a real world. Darwin’s challenge led Hardy to lose faith in Christianity, and this lack of faith gave his novels their tragic, bleak element. Tess of the D’ Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy in 1891, is a tragic story of a beautiful country girl, Tess Durbeyfield, who is the daughter of a poor villager. She is a pure and loyal young woman. In order to support the poor family, she has to follow her parents’ advice and visit the so-called distant relative—D’Urbervilles. Later, she is seduced by Alec D’Urbervilles, the son of a rich merchant. From then on her destiny changes greatly. At last, Tess manages to elude Alec and gives birth to her baby, but she loses the baby finally. After the death of her baby, she leaves home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Clare, a pastor’s son. They fall in love and get married. On their wedding night Angel confesses to her the sins of his past, Tess forgives him and tells him her story with Alec, b ut Angel can’t accept the truth, he deserts her and leaves her to Brazil. After Angel’s leaving, Tess lives a very hard life. She meets Alec again and is pursued by him once more. Without hope for Angel’s back, Tess has no choice but go to Alec again. Unfortunately, Angel comes to find Tess and tell her he still loves her. Now, Tess hates Alec deeply. With deep sad she kills Alec and runs away with Angel. They live a
《德伯家的苔丝》英文简介Summary of the Tess of d27Urbervilles
Summary： In the Victorian period, a rural clergyman in England tells Durbeyfield, a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious d'Urberville family, now extinct; or maybe not. Durbeyfield sends his daughter Tess to check on a family named d'Urberville living in a manor house less than a day's carriage ride away. Alec d'Urberville is delighted to meet his beautiful cousin, and he seduces her with strawberries and roses. But Alec is no relation to Tess; he has gotten his illustrious name and coat of arms by purchasing them. Alec falls in love with Tess, seduces/rapes her, and she leaves, pregnant; back at home, the baby dies. Some time later, Tess begins work as a milkmaid, and there she meets her true love Angel Clare. Angel believes her completely innocent. They fall in love, but Angel does not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night, and rejects her. Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, and poverty forces her to resume their relationship. Angel returns from travelling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec. Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angel. They spend one night of happiness together, before she is arrested.
理想与现实的挣扎——《德伯家的苔丝》中克莱尔的人物形象分析
理想与现实的挣扎——《德伯家的苔丝》中克莱尔的人物形象分析 克莱尔就身处保守与进步、落后与先进两种力量激烈交锋的时代。作为一名知识青年，克莱尔接受资产阶级进步思想，有着美好的理想，行为和思想都具有现代倾向。小说一开始就把克莱尔的这种思想倾向展现在读者的面前，“乡社游行”中，三兄弟的打扮：“年纪最大的一个穿着标准的助牧师的服装：白领带、短背心和窄边帽。第二个是标准的大学生打扮。第三个年龄最小，那副外表很难说他的身份，眼神和服装里有一种不服拘管，不随俗流的神奇，表示他还没有找到他的职业的道路。”他洋溢着热情的青春活力，不顾哥哥们的反对，停下来与一群乡下姑娘跳舞，这种行为对于他们的身份来说是不符合规矩礼仪的。克莱尔瞧不起等级、财富等差异，对社会习俗和礼仪表示不屑。为获得精神上的自由回避宗教事业，决定从事比较艰苦的农业，而且到农村去学习各种农事劳动。能克服中产阶级的身份感跟奶场的工人打成一片，像理解朋友一样理解他们，不但不把他们当作所谓的乡下“哈甲”，而且能欣赏他们的性格和才能。克莱尔的这种思想与他的家庭是有很大的差距的。克莱尔的家庭是一个牧师家庭，在这个中产阶级家庭里，父亲是一位虔诚备至的牧师，母亲是一个对上帝敬畏有加的信女，两位哥哥都上了剑桥大学，再把那座学府当作通向教会工作的垫脚石，最后都成为牧师。克莱尔钦佩父亲老克莱尔对教会事业的虔诚和自我牺牲的精神，却也明白他的狭隘与局限。对两个哥哥看得更清楚，尽管两人“浑身上下无一处不是中规中矩”，却也看出两个人思想上的庸俗，在他们面前克莱尔我行我素，毫不掩饰因为农村生活而产生的变化。 克莱尔的思想特征不是某一段时期的言行能够体现的，我们可以从他经历的几个较大的人生转折中探究他的思想变化，大致可以分为三个阶段：与苔丝结婚之前，结婚之后，从巴西回来。 婚前，克莱尔有着追求自然、不符合礼教的天性，所以他能够抛开世俗成见，从无拘无束的大自然中选择配偶，爱上了纯真美丽的“自然的女儿”———苔丝，拒绝了父母为他订下的门当户对的亲事。他告诉他的父亲：“像我这样勤苦节俭的农民最好和什 么样的妇女结婚呢？”她“首先要会挤牛奶，取奶油，做鲜美的奶酪，懂得怎样让母鸡和小鸡孵蛋，临时出了事故能够指挥地里全部的工作人员，还懂得对羊和小牛做出评价。” 克莱尔是一个追求个性解放的知识青年，他摒弃森严的等级制度，背离世俗礼教，追求心心相印、真挚纯洁的爱情。他追求以爱情为基础的婚姻，是对虚伪保守的宗教道德的反抗。他对苔丝的爱情是纯洁的，炙热的，带着田园牧歌情调。他夸苔丝“那挤奶的姑娘真是个大自然的女儿，多么鲜活，多么天然纯真啊！”他对母亲夸耀苔丝“真是浑身洋溢着诗意；她就是诗的化身，她过的就是诗的生活———那种生活舞文弄墨的诗人只能在纸上写写罢了。”他尊重苔丝，抱着郑重婚姻的意图和她接近，克莱尔一次又一次地向苔丝求婚，却被苔丝一次又一次地拒绝。在遭拒绝时虽很痛苦，但克莱尔很耐心，虽然不明白苔丝为什么要拒绝自己，但是坚信自己的诚心一定会打动苔丝的。小说中有一段描写克莱尔抱四个女孩过水塘，他因为要帮助其中的一个女孩，而要同时帮助四个，“在他心里，这一番举动有四分之三是普普通通的与人为善。”他向苔丝表明自己的爱情：“娶三个利亚就是为了一个拉结。”正是克莱尔的真情和体贴使“宗教上发下誓愿，要拒绝一切诱惑，决不结婚”的苔丝克服了精神上的压力，重新鼓起面对生活的勇气，答应嫁给克莱尔。
德伯家的苔丝Tess of the d’Urbervilles 英文读书报告 经典
Tess of the d’Urbervilles In Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it. In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image- Tess. There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty. Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria. Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life. But it seems that God leaves her out. Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct; however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man. His strong desire to Tess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess. He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation. Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm. Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination and secular pressure and to take the consequences by herself. She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch. Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at Talbothays Dairy. She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start. She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it. Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood. As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision. What he wants is a pure girl
浅析苔丝悲剧成因——《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运分析
浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源 姓名：杨锐 学号：201330280219 班级：1332802 专业：汉语国际教育 指导老师：熊进萍
浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的根源 摘要： 《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家托马斯?哈代进入晚期小说创作的代表作。小说反映的时代背景是传统的威塞克斯农村社会已大体上被资产阶级社会所占领，社会秩序发生了根本性的变化，农民为了生存不得不去寻找一条同过去完全不同的生活道路。于是哈代将创作的重心放到了浓厚的人道主义色彩，在主题上更加广泛和深刻地表现了维多利亚时代资产阶级的伦理道德、宗教法律、婚姻爱情、教育制度、人际关系等等重大社会问题，从对资产阶级社会的一般性描写转入整个社会的揭露、控诉和批判。 故事内容： 在小说中女主角苔丝?德北是一个美丽善良的农家姑娘，但由于家境贫寒，她不得不听从母亲的劝说，跑到地主的庄园去做工，后被地主的大儿子亚雷奸污。怀着身孕的她回到了家乡。孩子夭折后，她又到一家牛奶厂当挤奶工，在那里遇到了牧师的儿子安琪?克莱尔，两人产生了爱情。新婚之夜，苔丝出于一片忠诚，向克莱尔坦白了自己失身的遭遇，想不到丈夫不仅没有原谅她，反而翻脸无情，独自到了巴西。苔丝被遗弃后，又跑到一家农场做苦工。恰在这时亚雷又突然出现，一再跑来纠缠苔丝。后来家庭发生变故，使得苔丝一家人沦落街头,而克莱尔又杳无音讯的情况下，苔丝只好舍身救家，答应与亚雷同居。谁知克莱尔经过一场磨难，终于回心转意，从巴西回来寻找苔丝。苔丝悔恨交加，怒不可遏的刺死了亚历克。她在逃亡中与丈夫度过了几天幸福生活，最后被捕，并被判处绞刑使悲剧达到了项峰。 关键字： 苔丝、悲剧、社会、命运、性格
德伯家的苔丝之苔丝的性格分析
The Characteristic of Tess Abstract : Tess, the protagnist of Hardy′s Tess of D′Urbervilles, an innocent country girl brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, suffers the poverty and denunciation of the society. In most people ′eyes, Tess is a bad woman without morality, she is a mistress, a criminal. Maybe the whole life of Tess is ended up with tragidy, but her brave to the evil, persistent to the truth ，pursue to her love represent she is the model of modern time. To Hardy, Tess is the daughter of nature, she mixes the pure with resolute. Although Tess is hanged at the end, she is lucky because she is free from this earthly world. No one can be the perfect one, the weakness of Tess makes her a real person, which is showed vividly before us. Key words : nature, pure, brave, weakness, rebell [摘要]苔丝，哈代所著《德伯家的苔丝》中的主人翁，一个天真的乡村姑娘。她有着传统妇女的美德，但却承受着家庭的贫穷与社会的谴责。在大部分人眼中，苔丝是个没有道德的坏女人，她的身份是一个情妇，一个杀人犯。也许苔丝的整个生命以悲剧而告终，但她对邪恶的勇敢，对真理的坚持，对真爱的追求使得她成为时代的典范。对哈代来说，苔丝是大自然的女儿，她纯洁且坚毅。尽管最后被绞死，她是幸运的，因为她远离了尘世。人无完人，正是苔丝身上的缺点让我们看到一个活生生的真正意义上的人。 关键词：本质（自然），纯洁，勇敢，弱点，反叛 I. Introduction Tess is a poor girl, whose life is linked with two men, who pulled her to the verge of death. Tess is a kind woman, but not a perfect one. She has some sympathetic and admirable qualities as well as lots of inevitable weakness. Tess is a real person, in my eyes. Her lifestyle, feelings and thoughts as well as the tragedy ending all symbolize the reality of that time and earn our sympathy. Tess falls down during the fight against the fate, the society and herself. God teases his play with Tess, who wins finally ? It seems that God is the winner, because he took the life of her. But what Tess left is more valuble than herself. She really did what nobody at that time dares to do. II The character of Tess A. The daughter of Nature There are two m eanings of “Nature”. First, it means “the physical power causing all the phenomena of the material world”, it ref ers to the environment in which Tess grows up. Tess is a lily in the wild. She grows up in a beautiful and pictuesque country. She loves life and all the live things in the nature. After the death of the only horse in her family, Tess claimed that it was her fault, she needed to do something to support the whole family. Tess is a child full of responsibility. The other is “a thing′s or a person′s innate of essential qualities or character”, this one is related to Tess′beauty and some good qualities when she was born. Although life is hard, the inner of Tess is bright and jolly. Her face is always wearing a smile. So, truly, she is the daughter of her surrounding envirenment. 169In the end of the novel, after Tess killed Alec, she escaped with Angle, they came into an alter that is a stonehenge near Salisbury in the plain, dating back to the pre-history time. The center of it is a big “altar”, where is used to put sacrificial offerings in some ceremonies. It was here that Tess had a rest because of tireness and it was also here that Tess was arrested. In the Bible, aler is used for giving sacrificals to the God and doing prey. It is viewed as a holy place. Anything put on it must be pure, such as the lamb, little child. That Tess lies on it means she gives her life to the God and she assures that she is pure and innocent. B. Brave warrior Tess doesn’t go for looks,d oesn’t go for wealth, but she goes for someone who makes her smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. This is the portrayal of Tess. Alec is rich, but she hates him from beginning to end. Angle wants to be a farmer; she falls in love with him and suffers the ugliest things on her own. She is a murderer, what’s more, a warrior. (1)The warrior of herself She is independent and doesn’t want to be the slave of wealth. She prefers working to selling her soul to make money. When her stupid mom told her to wear her beautiful dress, she refused. On their way to Alec′s house, Alec showed his dandy nature. Tess, a tender girl, would rather walk than sit on the carriage to express her angry. Staying a whole night with Alec, Tess realized that Alec is a rat. She went home after Alec impregnated her. An unmarried mother with a child is not received by her neighbors. Tess, the stanch young woman, bore all the gossips. After the baby died, she didn′t indulge in the sadness, she decised to turn a new leaf of her life. She sets out confidently. She killed the evil in her deep heart. Tess also has a hidden nature — the longing for living. It is the intense desire that forces her to live and work after tremendous disasters, such as her son′s death, Angel′s abandonment. She preferred to work on a farm rather t han asking Angel′s parents for help. She loved Angel so deeply that she wrote to him to beg his forgive. (2)Brave fight against Alec Although Tess was in trouble, she didn′t desert her conscience. As an impure woman, she didn′t surrender to the wealth and pow er of Alec. After Alec impregnatee her, Tess left the big mansion resolutely. A long time later, she met Alec,now a parson. her hatred to him never reduced. She despised him and condemned his hypocrisy.