新视角研究生英语 读说写1课文翻译加课后题

Unit 1 A Working Community

5、

None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, UHauling our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are cardcarrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more of us are identified by work these days, rather t han by street.值得一提的是，我们没有谁一出生就属于这些社区，也不是后来我们搬了进来。这些身份是我们随身携带的，没有人可以拿出文件证明我们是这个或那个群体的会员卡持有者。然而，不知不觉中人们的身份更倾向于各自所从事的工作，而不是像以往一样由家庭住址来界定。

6、

In the past, most Americans live in neighborhoods. We were members of precincts or parishes or s chool districts. My dictionary still defines communtiy, first of all in geographic terms, as ―a body of people who live in one place.过去大多数彼邻而居的美国人彼此是同一个街区、教区、校区的成员。今天的词典依然首先从地理的角度来定义社区，称之为―一个由居住在同一地方的人组成的群体。

7、

But today fewer of us do our living in that one place; More of us just use it for sleeping. Now we c all our towns bedroom suburbs, and many of us, without small children as icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the people on our street.然而，如今的情况是居住和工作都在同一个地方的人极少，对更多的人来说家成了一个仅仅用来睡觉的地方。我们的居住地被叫做―近郊居住区，由于没有了孩子像过去那样起到沟通邻里关系的作用，许多人感到要叫出跟我们同住一条街的所有人的名字是件极不容易的事。

8、

It?s not that we are more isolated today. It…s that many of us have transferred a chunk of our friend ships, a major portion of our everyday social lives, from home to office. As more of our neighbors work away from home, the workplace becomes our neighborhood.这不是说我们今天被分得更开了，而是好多人已经部分的友谊和大部分的日常社交生活从家里转移到了办文室。随着越来越多的人走出家门去工作，工作的地方就变成了我们的街区。

9、

The kaffeeklatsch of the fifties is the coffee break of the eighties.The water cooler, the hall, the ele vator, and the parking lot are the back fences of these neighborhoods. The people we have lunch w ith day after day are those who know the running saga of our mother…s operations, our child…s mat h grades, our frozen pipes, and faulty transmissions.50年代的下午茶成了80年代的喝咖啡的工间休息。工作地的饮水冷却机、大厅、电梯、停车场是新社区的后院篱笆墙。天天和我们共进午餐的人是给我们的母亲动手术的医生、孩子的数学老师、管道工、汽车修理工等。

10、

We may be strangers at the supermarket that replaced the corner grocer, but we are known at the c offee shop in the lobby. We share with each other a cast of characters from the boss in the corner o ffice to the crazy lady in Shipping, to the lovers in Marketing. It…s not surprising that when researc hers ask Americans what they like best about work,they say it is ―the shmoose factor.‖ When they ask young mothers at home what they miss most about work, it is the people.人们曾经在杂货店的超市里可能是陌生人，但是却极可能在公司大厅的咖啡间里相识。我们谈论一些人物，从街头办文室的老板，到运输部中的疯女人，到营销部的情人们。难怪当研究者问及美国人关于工作他们最喜欢什么的时候，他们的回答是―和同事悠闲自在地闲扯‖，当询问在家里做

全职母亲的年轻妇女对工作最怀念什么时，她们说是工作中所接触过的人。

11、

Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us ha ve had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our ne w sense of community hasnt just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear co nnect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have someth ing ―in common‖ with other teachers, nurses, city planners.不是所有的住宅区都是空的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。多数人在这些环境里都曾有过复杂的经历。然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度。我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。

12、

Its not unlike the experience of our imigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still ide ntified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish communtiy, the Polish communi ty. They sought out and assumes connection with people from the old country, many of us have up dated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we repl aced neighborhood with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvi ous among the mobile professions. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the s ame language.这有点像最初移民来到美国的我们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。

13、

I dont think that there is anything massively disruptive about this shifting sense of community. Th e continuing search for connection and shared enterprise is very human. But I do feel uncomfortab le with our shifting identity. The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.我并不认为这种社区概念的变迁会造成大面积的混乱，这种对联系和共同理想的不断追寻充满了人性。但我对我们不断变化的身份确实感到不安。身份意识的天平似乎已经日渐倾斜到工作决定身份这边。

14

If our office are our new neighborhoods, if our professional titles are our new ethnic tags, then ho w do we separate ourselves from our jobs? Selfworth isnt just something to measure in the market place. But in these new communities, it becomes harder to tell who we are without saying what we do.如果办公室真的彻底变成我们的社区，如果我们的所从事的行业真的彻底变成我们的种族印记，那我们怎样才能把自己和工作区分开来呢？自我价值并不是只有在市场环境中得到体现的。但是在这些新的社区中，如果不先说明我们是从事哪行哪业的，就越来越难以说清楚我们究竟是谁。

V ocabulary

1. The company has planned to strengthen its corporate identity.

2. The results of this survey demonstrate clearly the fact that younger people are the most mobile.

3. More than 100 development groups throughout the world are working on the technology, many of them attempting to update old designs to work with modern engines.

4. But to ignore the evidence of differences in performance between gender or ethnic groups can le ad to unjust treatment of individuals.

5. I am pleased with the progress to date and I believe that you are not finding the process too disr uptive.

6. The markets are smart enough to guests when a realignment is coming.

7. You simply cannot assume that because the report has been well received that it will automatical ly produce action or decision.

8. Academic qualification cannot be the only criteria in judging a person.

9. If difficulties do arise during your time abroad, you may feel isolated and vulnerable to pressure both form local management and head office.

10. Many museums employ specialists to offer teacher sample worksheets.

1. The country is heavily dependent on its oil exports. Reliant to

2. An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occ ur. Explain

3. A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby`s name tag, making the mother fear sh

e had the wrong child. Label

4. The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he`s asked by the rest of the boar

d to answer criticism of company performance. Alter

5. Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop software and applications for massively parallel supercomputers. Immensely

6. There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotiona l support to their spouse when they marry. Move...to

7. Psychometric tests which attempt to measure students` ability to use the library have been deve loped and made use of primarily in the USA. Assess

8. Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friend s and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the child. Residential district 9. The aim is to help participants identify their own learn needs in this area and then to suggest wa ys in which they can increase their knowledge. Recognize

10. As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic ba lance firmly against the nuclear option. Tilt

汉译英：

1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。Have sth. in common The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate amon

g its small businesses.

2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来。 Connect ... with His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an i ndustrialist.

3.像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。Replace … with

We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods w ith the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.

4.显然，任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为，需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。Transfer…to

Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others.

5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。Dependent on No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone el se?s approval, at someone else?s mercy.

Cloze

I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job it was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. The men knew they were good. When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team: And this sense of belonging toan accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.

Unlike many other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler; less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This isnot to say there aren't arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic; the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to o ne another sothat the “rough edges” are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.

Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being ' part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competentthan the average because of this association with a "winner," a prestigious institution.

Unit 3 Help Yourself through the Hard Times

1、

Some years ago I had what most would call the American Dream: A thriving construction business , a comfortable home, two new cars and a sailboat. Moreover, I was happpily married. I had it all.几年前，我拥有大多数人称之为美国梦想的东西：一份蒸蒸日上的建筑生意，一个舒适的家，两辆新车和一艘帆船，此外，我婚姻幸福。我拥有这一切。

2、

Then the stock market crashed, and suddenly no one was looking at the houses Id built.Months of murderous interest payment gobbled up my savings. I couldnt make ends meet and lay awake nigh

ts in a cold sweat. Just when I though things couldnt get worse, my wife announced that she wante

d a divorce.接着，股市垮了，突然间再没人看我修的那些房子。连续几个月支付要命的利息，耗尽了我的积蓄。我入不敷出，经常彻夜无眠，一身冷汗。就在我认为事情不可能变得更糟的时候，我太太宣布她想离婚。

3、

With no idea what to do next, I resolved literally to sail off into the sunset, following the coastline from Connecticut to Florida. But somewhere off New Jersey I turned due east, straight out to sea. Hours later, I climbed up on the stern rail and watched the dark Atlantic slip beneath the hull. How easy it would be to let the water take me, I thought.无所适从的我决心真正驾船―向夕阳行驶‖，沿着海岸线从康涅狄格州驶向佛罗里达州。但是在离新泽西巷的地方，我转向正东方，直接驶往大海。几小时后，我爬上船尾的栏杆，注视着从船体下面滑过的黑沉沉的大西洋海水。我想让海水淹死是多么容易的一件事。

4、

Suddenly the boat plummeted between two swells, knocking me off balance. I grabbed the rail, m

y feet dragging in icy brine, and just managed to haul myself back on board. Shaken, I thought, wh ats happening to me? Idont want to die.From that moment, I knew I had to see things through. My old life was gone. Somehow I…d have to build a new one.突然，帆船笔直地落在两个巨浪之间，使我失去了平衡。我手抓住栏杆，脚浸在冰冷的海水里，勉强把自己拉回船上。震惊之余，我想，我这是怎么了？我不想死。从那一刻起，我知道我必须看穿万物。我从前的生活一去不复返了，必须得想办法自己重建新的生活。

5、

Everyone, at some point, will suffer a loss-the loss of loved ones. Good health, a job. ―It…s your d esert experience…-a time of feeling barren of options, even hope, explains Patrick Ddl Zoppo, a psy chologist and bereavement specialist with the Archdiocese of New York. ―The important thing is not to allow yourself to be stranded in the desert.每个人，在某个时刻，都将遭受损失—失去挚爱的人、健康或是工作。―这是你经历中的荒漠---一段感到毫无出路，甚至毫无希望的时期，帕垂克·戴尔·左珀解释说。他是一名心理学家，纽约大主教管区的丧亲之痛专家，―重要的是不要让你自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔。

6、

Let Yourself Grieve. Counelors agree that a period of grieving is critical. ―There…s no shame in th is, says Del Zoppo. ―Tears aren…t a sign that you…re simply feeling sorry for yourself but are expr ession of sadness or emotion that must find an outlet.让自己悲痛。顾问们一致认为，一段时间

的悲痛是至关重要的。―不必为此感到羞愧‖，戴尔·左珀说，―眼泪并不意味着你仅仅自我垂怜，而是表达必须发泄的忧伤或情感。

7、

And it doesnt matter if the grieving takes a while to surface, as long as it finally finds expression. Consider the case of Donna Kelb of Syracuse, N.Y. One spring day her 16yearold son, Cliff, Jr. an

d 15yearold son, Jimmy, wer

e sanding their boat, preparing it for the season. Suddenly Donna hear d a scream. Rushing outside, she found her two sons lying on the ground near the boat.如果悲痛

需要一段时间才能表现出来，也没有什么关系，只要它能最终找到表现的方式。看看纽约锡拉库扎港的唐娜·克博的例子。在一个春光明媚的日子里，她16岁的儿子小克立夫和他15

岁的弟弟吉米正在给他们的船装沙，为渔季做准备。突然，唐娜听到一声尖叫。她冲到外面，发现两个儿子倒在船旁边的地面上。

8、

Jimmy had gone into the water and returned dripping wet. When he picked up the sander, he was e lectrocuted. Cliff, knocked to the ground by the current when he tried to grab the tool, recovered.

吉米下到水中，上来的时候浑身湿透了。当他拿起磨沙器时，触电致死。克立夫在试图拿过磨沙器时被电流击倒在地，后来康复了。

9、

Donna was so numbed by this tragedy that she didn?t cry for weeks-not even at the funeral, Then b ack at work one day, she began to feel dizzy. Finally I went home, locked myself in my room and j ust wailed. She says, it was as though this great weight was being lifted from my shoulders.‖这个

悲剧的打击让唐娜变得麻木，以致好几周都没哭出来—甚至在葬礼上也没有哭。后来有一天下班归来，她开始感到晕眩。―最终我回到家，将自己锁在房间里，开始嚎啕大哭‖，她说，仿佛这块巨石从肩膀上卸下来。

10、

What Kelb, experienced after her tragic loss was what Del Zoppo calls a ―first-line defense that s hields the consciousness from some extremely unpleasant reality.

Kelb couldnt begin her healing process until nature had allowed her time to sort out her tragedy.克博在悲剧之后的经历就是戴尔·左珀所说的一种―使意识远离极端不愉快的现实的首要防范心理‖。除非本能给予她解决好悲剧的时间，否则克博不可能开始她的康复之路。

11、

Understand Your Anger. ―Anger is natural.says Del Zoppo, but it can be released in a wholesome way. Properly understand, it can serve your recovery.理解你的怒火。愤怒是天性，戴尔·左珀说，但可以通过健康的方式释放出来。你若得到恰当的理解，它将有助于你的恢复。

12、

Candace Bracken…s future seemed full of promise. The 25-year-old airline hemorrhaging uncontrol lably. Acute leukemia was diagnosed, and Bracken was of myself, lived a straight and narrow life,‖ says Bracken was given two weeks to live. After the initial shock, she felt angry. I had taken care of myself, lived a straight and narrow life,‖ says Bracken of Miami. ―Things like this weren…t sup posed to happen to people like me.以前坎迪斯·布赖青肯的未来似乎是一片光明。作为一名25岁的航班调度员，她刚生了一个宝宝，才换了份工作。然而有一天她开始不由自主地出血。诊断出是急性白血病，只有两个星期可活。震惊之余，她感到愤怒，我一直爱惜自己的身体，生活诚实，正派，迈阿密的布赖肯说―这种事情不应该发生在像我这样的人身上。

13、

She reeled at the thought of her imminent death, and withdrew. I just gave up, she says. Then a do ctor told her she needed to arrange for someone to care for her daughter. How dare you tell me to f ind someone else to raise my child!‖ Bracken snapped. At that moment, she realized that she had st rong reasons to fight for his life. Her anger, formerly crippling now sparked her. It helped see her t hrough a harrowing, but ultimately successful, bone-marrow transplant.一想到死亡即将来临，她就感到心绪不宁，屈服了。我完全放弃了，她说。后来一个医生告诉她说她需要安排人照料她的女狼。―你竟敢让我找别人带大我的小孩！‖布赖肯历声说。在那一刻，她意识到有充分的理由去为自己的生命而战。她的愤怒开始时极为有害，现在却鼓舞了她，帮助她渡过了痛彻心肺但最终成功的骨髓移植。

14、

Face the Challeng. Another obstacle on the road to health after a significant loss can be denial. Inst ead of facing what has happened to them, says Dr. Michael Aronoff, psychiatrist and a spokespers on for the American Psychiatirc Association, many people try to fill up that empty feeling looking

for an escape. The man who rarely touched a drink will begin hitting the bottle. A woman who wat ched her weight will overeat. Others, like me , try literally to ―rn away.勇敢地面对挑战。在经历重大打击之后，拒绝知我同样也是健康之路的重大障碍。迈克尔?阿若诺夫是个精神病医师，美国精神病协会的一名发言人。他说，很多人不是面对所发生的一切。而是―竭力填补空虚的感情假寻找一种解脱。几乎滴酒不沾的男人会开始酗酒，担心肥胖的女性会吃得过多。其他一些人，像我一样，力图―一走子之。

15、

After working for bosses all his life, John Jankowski of Staten Island, N.Y., had always longed to have his own options and stock-trading firm. He finally got the startup money and did well. Then came a downturn in business, and before long Jankowski was in serious financial trouble.为老板工作一辈子后，纽约史丹顿岛的约翰?简可夫斯基一直梦想有自己的选择和证券交易公司。他最终找到了启动金并经营顺利。接着生意急转直下，不久简可夫斯基就陷入严重的经济危机。

16、

It was like Id run into a brick wall and my whole life had been shattered,‖ he says. With financial r esources exhausted and the pressure of a family to support, Jankowski…s thoughts turned to escape.―就好像我迎头撞上一面砖墙，整个人生都被击得粉碎，他说。经济来源耗尽，又有一个家庭需要供养，简可夫斯基开始想逃避。

17、

One morning, while in a run,he just kept going. After jogging westward for two hours, he staggere d back home. ―It finally dawned on me that I couldnt run away from my troubles. The only thing that made sense was to face up to my situation,‖ he says. ―Admit ting failure was the toughest part but I had to before I could get on with my life.一天早上，在跑步的时候，他一直往前跑。在向西慢跑了两个小时之后，他步履蹒跚地回到家。―我终于明白不能逃离我的困境。唯一明智的事就是勇敢面对我的现状，他说，―承认失败是困难的，但要想继续生活我必须得这么做。

18、

Get Out and Do! After a few weeks, I urge people recovering from loss to get back into a routine,s ays psychiatrist and Boston University professor Bessel A.van der Kolk. Its important to force you rself to concentrate on things other than your hurt. Consider these activities:走出门，做点事。―几周之后，我要求那些从打击中复原的人回到日常生活中去，精神病医师，波士顿大学教授贝瑟?A?凡?库克说，―强迫自己把注意力集中到别的事情，而不是所受的伤害上，这一点至关重要。考虑以下活动：

19、

Join a support group. Once youve made the decision to get on with life,youll need someone to talk to and the most effective kind of conversation can be with someone else who has undergone an or deal.加入一个援助团体。一旦你决心―继续生活，你会需要向人倾诉，最有效的是和其他有过痛苦经历的人交谈。

20、

Read. When you can focus after the initial shock, reading, especially selfhelp books, can offer insp iration as well as relaxation.阅读。经历过最初的震惊之后，如果注意力可以集中，那就开始读书，尤其是有关自助的书，这将让你放松，同时也让你感到鼓舞。

21、

Keep a journal. Many find comfort in creating an ongoing record of their experiences. At best it ca n serve as a kind of self-therapy.记日记。很多人发现纪录每天的经历让人感到安慰。日记甚至

能起到自我治疗的作用。

22、

Plan events. The idea that there are things to look forward to reinforces that you are forging ahead into a fresh future. Schedule that trip you…ve been postponing.做事有计划。有期待的事情，这一想法能增强你迈向全新未来的信息。将你过去推迟了的旅行重新写进时间表。

23、

Learn new skills. Take a course at a community college, or take up a new hobby or sport. You hav e a new life ahead; any new skill will complement it.学习新的技术。在社区大学选修一门课，或是开始新的爱好或者运动。有全新的生活等着你，而任何新的技术都将使它更充实。24、

Reward yourself. During highly stressful times, even the simplest daily daily chores-getting up, sh owering, fixing something to eat- can seem daunting. Consider every accomplishment, no matter h ow small, a victory to be rewarded.奖励自己。在强压力之下，即使是最简单的日常琐事，如起床、洗澡，弄东西吃，都能使人气馁。每完成一件事，不管多么微小，都把它看作是一个值得稿劳自己的成就。

25、

Exercise. Physical activity can be especially therapeutic. Therese Gump of Chicago felt confused a nd adrift after her21-years-old son committed suicide. A friend talked her into taking a jazzercize c lass. It was just mindless stretching and bouncing to music.‖Gump says, but it made me feel better physically, and when you head and your troubles, Aronoff explains, and it allows you to experienc e your body with your two feet on the ground.锻炼。体育锻炼尤其具有治疗作用。芝加哥的西瑞丝?坎普在她21岁儿子自杀后感到茫然不知所措。一个朋友说服她参加了一个爵士锻炼培训班。―只是随着音乐不动脑筋地伸伸手脚和蹦蹦跳跳，‖坎普说，―但它却使我感到身体更棒，当你感觉身体更棒的时候你心理上也会感觉更好。―锻炼使你忘却自我和身边的麻烦，‖阿若诺夫解释说，―并能让你感到踏实。

26、

Be Patient with Yourself. People often ask. When will this terrible pain stop? Experts resist being pinned down to time frames. ―Roughly, its a minimum of six months before you even start to feel better, says Aronoff. And it can be as long as a year, possibly two. A lot depends on disposition, th e support within your environment, and if you get help and work on it.对自己有耐心。人们常说，―什么时候这种可怕的痛苦才会结束？专家门反对时间期限的限制。―大体上，你少则需要6个月才能开始感觉好点，阿若诺夫说。―也有可能长达一年，或是两年。这很大程度上取决于你的性格、周围亲友的支持、以及是否得到帮助并借此战胜痛苦。

27、

So,be easy on yourself. Recongnize that youll need time, and that your own pace of recovery may not fit with that of others. Congratulate yourself at each step through grief: I…m still here, I…ve mad e it this far!因此，对自己宽容些。认识到你将需要一定的时间，而且你自己的康复节奏可能和别人不一样。在走出悲痛中每前进一步都要祝贺自己：―我还活着，我已经撑到现在了。

28、Sailing is a slow business. I made it to Florida in five weeks. In attempting to

run away, Id embarked on a trip that gave me a structure, a daily outdoor routine requiring physica l exertion, and plenty of time. I was still hurting, but by the time I anchored in Miami, I was ready to try again.At what, I wasn…t sure.航行是个慢活，我用了5周才抵达佛罗里达。原本试图―一走了之的我踏上一段旅途。这段旅途让我重新组织生活，培养了每天的生活规律，要求付出在户外的体力以及大量的时间。我的心依然在痛，但是等我到达迈阿密时，我已作好再次尝

试的准备。尝试什么，我还没确定。

29、―Why not get back to writing-to what you were trained for?‖ said my dad over the phone. H

e was right. And here I am now, writing to you. It feels good to be back.―何不回到写作？回到你以前受过专门培训的写作嘛！爸爸在电话那头说。他是对的。现在我就在为你而写。能回到的感觉真好。

V ocabulary

1. As house prices _plummet, the new breed of renters escape the danger of falling into debt traps and save their spare cash for the future.

2. Nothing could _daunt_ me and I talked to everyone with the same message: “Cancer was absolutely great because it put you in touch with yourself and the world”.

3. The 19-year-old model Saffron Domini needed little persuasion to appear in a _harrowing_ film about racism and violence.

4. Carefree and full of youthful enthusiasm, his happy _disposition_ attracted whites and Indians alike.

5. In British political life of the previous twenty years, latent anti-Jewish feeling had been apt to _surface_ in response to particular events.

6. With standards often being poor, unregulated, and uncontrolled, disaster seems _imminent_.

7. After walking for an hour, she wasn?t sweating, but there was a pleasurable sense of _exertion_.

8. Particularly worrisome were the fruit drinks, which projected a _wholesome_ image while containing sugar in some form or another.

9. With the rising tide and bad conditions it was possible that the stranded_ man might not survive until the lifeboat arrived.

10. One study estimates that the headquarters and related functions of big American companies

_gobble_ up almost a fifth of their annual profits.

1. With a(n) _thriving_ network of committees, sports clubs and societies, each student is encoura ged to play a full part in this aspect of student life.

2. They may pick up ideas almost at random from skimming journals, ideas that may _spark_ new trains of thought or fruitful new cross-connections.

3. Being a good listener is not only useful because you will hear what others miss, but you will fin

d that peopl

e will tell you things that they _shield from_ others.

4. What right did he have to come back into her life like this, trying to _shatter_ it into small piece s that couldn?t be put back together for a second time?

5. In many areas local services were provided by numerous different authorities, which often gave rise to _acute_ coordination problems

6. The awful truth that he was suffering from lung cancer _dawned on him, though his family me mbers tried very hard to keep the secret.

7. I suppose yoga enthusiasts would find it painless, but for most of us an hour spent in this positio n was a (n) _ordeal_.

8. But rules that strengthen banks in good times can _cripple_ them in recessions.

9. There are few more _barren_ places on earth than the plains surrounding a volcano in the afterm ath of its eruption.

10. The minds of many of these young offenders appear to have been _numbed_ by greed and indi fference to violence.

汉译英：

1.当一个人处于“经历中的沙漠”——一段感到毫无出路、甚至毫无希望的时期，最重要的是不要让自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔。Strand

When someone is in “desert of experience”— a period of feeling barren of options, even hope, the most important thing is not to allow himself to be stranded in the desert.

2.经济来源耗尽，还有一大家人需要供养，吉米起初想逃避，但最终靠着顽强的勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。See...through

With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support, Jimmy wanted to e scape at first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through.

3.有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始一种新的生涯都为时不晚。Embark on

Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life.

4.在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。Make sense

What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss.

5.玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活Make ends meet

With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet.

Cloze

Everyone wants to be successful in life, but where are the 1)____ to success? When we begin to examine life, we can see that it is 2)_______ into two aspects — life within and life without; in ternal life and 3)_______ life — and we can see that these aspects are of equal importance. Even o ne who has renounced the world has to understand the word relationship properly, because 4)___ i tself is actually relationship. The body is related 5)__ the breath, and the breath is related to t he mind. The body, breath, senses, and mind all 6)_______ together as a unit. So life virtually 7)_ _____ relationship, and thus the art of living and being requires an 8)_____________ of one?s rela tionship to the external world and the relationships within 9)______.

All human beings have inner potentials, but many people are not aware 10)__ those potential s and do not know how to use them to have a 11)__________ life. Those who are not happy 12)__ ______ can never be happy externally; those who are not happy within themselves can never mak e 13)______ happy. Those who do not love themselves 14)____ never love others.

If we are not happy, how can we be successful in life? Success 15)____ in our happiness. Th e keys to happiness lie within us, but our modern education does not 16)_____ us how to find the m. It is helpful to have a few formulas to practice in daily life to make it more successful. They are 17)_______ from observations based on experience. There are five points to remember: first, how to decide things on time; second, how to study personal habit patterns; third, how to 18)________ ourselves in the external world; fourth, what attitude to take; fifth, where to 19)____ happiness. T o attain success in life, one should learn and 20)_____ these five points

Unit 4 What Is Happiness?

1、

The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth cetificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan S wift seemed to being welldeceived.The felicty of being ―a fool among knaves.‖ For Swift say soc iety as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森?斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是―鬼迷心窍的上当，是―骗子堆中的傻瓜的自鸣得意。因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。

2、

It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be de dicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we p ossess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。

3、

And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us de liberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them-and to create them faster than any man…s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicat ed insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car deal ers across the country were flying banners that read ―You Auto Buy Now.‖ There were calling up on Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have. Aut omobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time t he next year…s models were released.同时，美国的商业主义却又殚精竟虑故意使我们得不到幸福。广告是我们的支柱产业之一，其存在不是为了满足欲望。而是为了制造欲望——其制造速度之快，使我们的腰包应接不暇。就此而言，我们的整个经济是基于一种无法自拔的贪求无厌。我们受到的教育是―占有却为幸福‖，然后我们就被迫产生贪欲。我们甚至被告知欲望是我们的义务。引用一个简单的例子为证：仅仅几年前，全国的汽车销售商还打着―你应该立即购买汽车‖的横幅。他们号召美国人民：作为一种爱国主义行为，他们应该立即按揭购买他们并不真正需要的汽车，并且在次年新款汽车发布后他们会对原来这些汽车心生厌倦。

4、

Or look at any of the women…s magazines. There, as Bernard De V oto once pointed out, advertisin g begains as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back page. Th e poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old fig ure she must display she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.或者任意浏览一本女性杂志。正如伯尔纳德?德?渥托曾经指出的那样，这些杂志开头几页的广告诗情画意，而最后则以类似药典和治疗手册结尾。前者是完美美女的梦想：这该是她婴儿般的股肤，这些是她无瑕的牙齿，这该是她呼出的香气，这该是她能保持到40、50、60岁甚至永远的16岁少女般的身材。

5、

Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dr

eam in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to displa

y that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the slave that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat, these are the hormones of perceptual youth , these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.一旦读完这些隐约让人振奋的小说和专题文章，读者在杂志最后几页就会发现梦想的真相：这是家庭主妇必须得系上的背带，以展现其完美身材。这些是她睡觉时必须带上的颚带。这是可以恢复青春的药剂和装备，这是她减肥用的缓泻药，这些是消化脂肪的药片，这些是使外表年轻的荷尔蒙，这些是掩盖静脉曲张的长袜。6、

Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such poetr

y or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as

offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not runni ng out of customers, but what is trying to buy?显而易见，即使心智不健全的人也不会完全相信这些诗境或是这些药典和矫正术。然后有人显然正在竭力购买这些广告所兜的美梦，并为此每年耗资数十亿美元。这种幸福市场无疑不会无人问津，但他们购买的究竟是什么呢？

7、

The idea ―happiness,‖ to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: the best one can do is to try t

o set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acqu isitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. The holy man…s idea of happiness i s in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring hi

m food he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why beconcerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through afantastically demanding discipline, t

he accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.诚然，给―幸福‖这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其物质上的极限。将其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之物。无欲则无求。他静坐不动，陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。如果有虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听；如果

没有，他便淡然地饿着。有什么好牵挂的呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。宴想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心的一种极乐。

8、

Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion.But who can take it from him? And who will dare say it is more illusory than happiness on the installment plan?他幸福吗？或许他的幸福只是另一种虚幻。但谁又能将幸福从他身边夺走呢？又有谁敢说这种幸福比分期付款计划中得到的幸福更缥缈呢？

9、

But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness,as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Wes tern man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find some s ort of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and Western thought-had his own firm sense of that balance.His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.然而，或许因为

我是西方人，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然

可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次上付出。

10、

Posssession for its own sake or in competiton with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoureau…s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one…s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high, What he saved from the low was time an d effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.梭罗所理解的―低层次‖，即为自己而去拥有，或与邻里明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的―高层次‖，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自己界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可以确保他能去从事更为重要的事务即可。

11、

Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactions we get from a lifetime depend on how hign we c hoose our difficulties.Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke o f ―The pleasure of taking pains.‖ The martal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the f act that it purports to be effortless.殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是问题的精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特?弗罗斯特言及―以苦为乐‖时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的寻种幸福观，其致使的缺陷就在于它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。

12、

We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an ar bitrary imposition of dificulty. When the spoilsport ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free,at your pleasure, to change the wholly a rbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.即使于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。之所以需要它，是因为若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。有的人将情趣摧毁殆尽，总是因为他拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋，如果你随心所欲、心血来潮全然武断地去更改那些游戏规则、去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。

13、

The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market seem too often to have lost their sense of the pleas ure of difficulty. Heaven knows what they are playing,

but it seems a dull game. And the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose, because he seems t o be refusing to play anyting at all. The Western weakness may be in the illusion that happiness ca n be bought. Perhaps the Eastern weakness is in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect (theref ore static ) happiness.幸福市场上的买卖双方似乎大都体会不到挑战困难的乐趣。天知道他们在玩些什么，但似乎不外乎那些无聊的游戏。我猜印度的圣人在我们看来有些无聊，因为他

似乎拒绝玩任何游戏。西方人的弱点在于他们幻想幸福可以买到。或许东方人的弱点在于他们认为存在产丰一种完美的（因而也是静止的）幸福。

14、

Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happines s may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declare d for us as inherent right,we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of hap piness market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit o f what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.从来就没有过完美的幸福。人类社会不存在尽善尽美。无论人们怎样界定何谓幸福，它既不在于拥有也不在于实现，而在于追求的过程。我们应该牢记：开国元勋们为我们所宣布的与生俱来的权利，不是享受幸福而是追求幸福。假如他们当初预见到现在出现的幸福市场，他们就会强调指出这样一个基本事实：幸福在于为之奋斗的过程，在于我们终生为之努力并从中获得启迪的事业，也就是说在于追求。对于一个民族的评价不是看它拥有什么或是幸福拥有什么，而是看它想要追求什么。

15、

By all means let the happiness-market sell us minor satisfactions and even minor follies so long as we keep them in scale and buy them out of spiritual change. I am no customer for either Puritanis m or asceticism. But drop any real spiritual capital at those bazaars, and what you come to will be your own poorhouse.当然，只要我们掌握好一个度，或者只作为一种精神调节，不妨从幸福市场买点满足感甚至可以花钱买点愚蠢的东西。我既不信奉清教徒的生活准则也不赞面禁欲主义。但如果我们在这些市场上放弃任何真正意义上的精神财富，那么到头来我们只能是一无所有。

汉译英：

1. 在当今社会，广告几乎完全成为致力于描写快乐的现代表达方式。 Dedicated to

In modern society, advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedi cated to depicting happiness.

2. 讲座永远不会从大学的舞台上完全消失，因为它们来源于一个久远的传统，而大学这个环境为了其自身的利益有理所当然地尊重传统。 For its own sake

Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they spring from a long t radition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.

3. 这对夫妻永远体会不到做父母的乐趣，除非他们有了自己的孩子。 Short of

Short of having their own children, the couple can never experience the pleasure of being parents.

4. 他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更

好。Take … as

He takes other?s success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he sh ould do better than others.

5. 如果欢乐与愉快等于幸福，则痛苦就等于不幸福。但实际上能带来幸福的事往往与痛苦相联系。Lead to; involve

If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But, in fact, thi ngs that lead to happiness involve some pain.

V ocabulary

1. His way of staying sane was to compose poems in classical Chinese while he somehow kept wit

h him.

2. The children?s insatiable curiosity will be satisfied one way or the otherm as there are plenty of museums, libraries and children?s palaces in the city.

3. Examination of the theory which purports to provide an answer to this question is nonetheless i mportant for a number of reasons.

4. It is impossible to forget the uplifting speech that the president gave at the commencement cere mony.

5. The athlete, a devout Christian, like his parents, died in 1945 in a Japanese internment camp in Shandong province.

6. The picture drawn is a static one, and it has been unable to provide a convincing account of how and why changes have occurred in the pattern of industrial relations.

7. The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary.

8. His listened in rapt concentration as Mr. Mercer described how one soldier shot off his leg and t hreatened to kill him until he shouted back at him.

9. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.

10. Building a home is a more demanding business compared with buying one.

1. Her reputation suffered a mortal blow as the result of the scandal.

2. In explaining this situation, it might be possible to point to sources inherent to the nation its culture, mentality, religions, or geography.

3. His perceptual difficulties may make it impossible for him to recognize you and his family.

4. He had never previously thought of himself as acquisitive or even as particularly materialistic.

5. Like a dreamer, young artist is absorbed in contemplation of something outside himself and does not identify with it.

6. The club, where I am staying, releasing forgotten gusts of memory, like those lilies which only exhale their sweet perfume at night.

7. If it is a technique which works for you then, use it by all means.

8. You would take on some responsibility immediately for particular areas and additional responsibilities are available to those with the ability and enthusiasm to undertake.

9. This raises the question whether the education of children in rural communities is prejudiced by the imposition of a curriculum devised for urban conditions.

10. The weak point in the school is due to the folly of parents who remove their sons from the school at too early an age.

Cloze

Happiness is basically a state of mind. Happiness depends 1)_____ on one?s disposition and o utlook. Only 2) _____ connecting to your real identity, deeper than merely the body and 3) _____ _, can one reach real happiness because that is where such happiness is always 4) _______. In this way, very little is needed to have a happy life. It is all within 5)_______ . Thus, we can attain a sta te of being satisfied 6)_______ what we have without being anxious to attain all our temporal desi res, without 7) _______ about the future, and without concerning ourselves with 8)___________ h opes and fears. When you are really and naturally happy from within, 9)__________ else that you accomplish can be viewed as icing on the cake, an extra sweetness to life. But such external activi

ties are not where true happiness 10)___________.

The only 11)_______ why people cannot attain their inward spiritual bliss right here and now is because they put too much 12)_____ on their external situation and what they feel they need an

d how to get it. Or they focus on th

e 13)_________ that they think they have. Actually, what peopl

e need to be happy is 14)______ inside them, at all times, 15)_________ o

f whatever trials and ch allenges may happen outside and 16)_________ them. As I?ve always said, it is not what 17)____ ____ to you, but it is how you perceive it and how you 18)_______ or respond to it that makes the difference. We have to understand that happiness and distress is a constant flow in material 19)___ ____. We are affected by it 20)___________ if we identify with it. One has to learn to rise above t hat by connectin

g wit

h your true self, or higher self. So how do we do that?

Unit 8 Europeans Just Want to Have Fun

1、

Walking across Boulevard St. Michel in Paris, on the night before Bastille Day I bumped into an o ld friend-an American who has lived in the city for 25 years-who told me he was taking up the tan go. When I asked him why, he suggested I take a stroll along the Left Bank of the Seine, opposite I le St. Louis and so of course I did.法国革命纪念日前夜当我穿越巴黎圣米歇尔大街时，遇见了一位在巴黎生活了25年的美国老朋友。他告诉我，他迷上了探戈。当我问他为何如此时，他建议我沿着圣路易岛对面的塞纳河左岸走一遭。当然，我照办了。

2、

It was one big party. A drop-dead-gorgeous crowd was tangoing away in a makeshift, open-air am phitheater. Nearby a multiethnic group was doing the meringue. Hundreds of others were tucking i nto picnics by the river as a full moon rose in a cloudless sky. Much later that night, after a perfect fish soup in the Place des V osges I walked into the narrow passages of the Marais District and stu mbled upon an impromptu block party. Someone had set up a sound systom on the sidewalk, and t he street was packed with people-straight and gay, young and old, black and white-dancing to sals a.那里正在举行一个盛大的舞会，俊男靓女们正在临时搭建的露天剧场跳着探戈。在附近，一群不同族裔的人正在跳拉丁默朗格舞。当一轮满月从晴朗的夜空升起时，河边数以百计的人正在尽情享受野炊的乐趣。当晚后半夜，在浮日广场喝完鲜美的鱼汤，穿过马菜街区窄窄的街道，我无意之间又遇上一个即兴的街区舞会。有人已在人行道上安装好音响系统、街道上挤满了人——异性恋、同性恋、年轻人、老年人、黑人、白人——都随着担丁萨尔乐曲翩翩起舞。

3、

Europe is enjoying itself. O.K. in late July, it always does. The weekend I was in Paris, an estimate d 500,000 kids descended on Berlin for the annual Love Parade, a carnaival of techno music,dope and sex. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of families started their treks from the damp north of the G ontinent to their vacation homes in the warm south. But even when the sun isn…t shining, European s seem to eb throwing themselves into fun and festivity with unprecedented zeal. Each weekend, c entral London is one great bacchanal Cities that for reasons of politics or religion were once gloo mily repressive-Madrid, say, or Dublin- now rock to the small hours. In Prague the foreign visitors who get talked about are not the earnest young Americans who flocked there in the early 1990s, b ut British partygoers who have flown in for the cheap beer and pretty girls. The place that British historian Mazower once called the true dark continent- and from whose curdled soul the horrors of

fascism sprang- has become Europa ludens, a community at play.欧洲人过得逍遥自在。是的，7月末的欧洲通常如此。我在巴黎的那个周末，估计有50万年轻人蜂拥进入柏林，参加一年一度的―爱之游行‖活动。那是一个充满泰克诺音乐、毒品和性的狂欢。此时数以万计的家庭也正从润湿的欧洲大陆北部，长途跋涉来到温暖南部自己的度假屋。但是即使阳光不那么灿烂，欧洲人似乎也会以极大的热忱投身于娱乐和节日欢庆之中。周末的伦敦市中心变成了饮酒派对的场所。昔日因受到政治、宗教专制统治而郁郁寡欢的马德里、都柏林，而今可以摇滚狂欢至凌晨。布拉格人谈论的外国游客不再是那些20世纪90年代初成群结队，接踵而至的年轻美国人。取而代之的是那些为了享受廉价啤酒、漂亮女孩幕名而至的英国派对客一族。由于欧洲是令人胆颤心惊的纳粹主义的诞生地，英国历史学家Mark,Mazower曾把欧洲称为绝对黑暗大陆。而如今欧洲成了娱乐的天堂，快乐的都城。

4、

Funny. This is how the U.S. was supposed to be. In a famous series of essays collected in his 1976 book, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Daniel Bell noted how the decline of the Protest ant small- town ethic had unhinged American capitalism from its moral foundation of capitalism ( had ) become hedonism, the idea of please as a way of life.‖ In a 1969 cover story titled ―Californ ia: A State of Excitement,‖ Time reported that, as most Americans saw it, ―the good, godless,greg arious pursuit of pleasure is what California is all about….?I have seen the future,… says the newly returned visitor to California, ?and it plays.…‖真是可笑！这本该是美国的模样嘛！丹尼尔?贝尔1976年出版《资本主义文化矛盾》一书，书中收录的一系列著名文章描述了新教徒小镇式道德观的衰落怎样动摇了美国资本主义的道德基础和对工作内在价值的认识。20世纪60年代，贝尔声称，―资本主义文化经过拨乱反正已变成了享乐主义文化，享受成为生活的一种方式。‖1969年《时代周刊》一篇名为《加利福尼亚：充满刺激之州》的封面故事中写道，―追寻美好的、非宗教的、交际性的快乐已经成了加利福尼亚的全部。每个刚去过加州的人都说，?我看到了未来，自由自在的娱乐在发挥作用。当时绝大多数美国人对报道中提及的情况都是有目共睹的。

5、

But the American future didn…t turn out as we expected. While Europeans cut the hours they spend at the office or factory-in France it is illegal to work more than35 hours a week-and lengthened th eir vacations, Americans were concluding that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard. So they began to stay at their jobs longer than ever and then, in jam-packed weekends at plac es like the Haptons on Long Island, invented the uniquely American concept of scheduled joy, filli ng a day off with one appointment after another, as if were no different from one at the office. Am erican conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe that European…s desire to devote themselves to t he pleasures of life and-the shame of it-six weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriou sness and would, in any event, end in economic tears.但美国的未来并没有成为我们所期待的那样。当欧洲人缩短在办公室或工厂工作的时间——在法国一周工作时间超过35个小时就是非法的——延长假期时，美国人却认为只有努力工作拼命玩耍才是幸福的。因此美国人工作的时间开始变得比以往任何时候都长，然后将日程安排得满满的，去诸如位于长岛的汉普敦等地度周末，美国人创造了独特的美国式的概念，按计划娱乐，休息日排满了一个又一个的日程，好像节假日与工作日没什么区别似的。同时美国的保守者们认为：真是遗憾啊，欧洲人渴望全身心地享受生活，一年6周的假期是欧洲人不负责任的表现，无论如何欧洲人最终会为经济的衰退而痛哭流涕。

6、

Why do Europeans and Amerians differ so much in their attitude toward work and leisure?I can thi

nk of two reasons. First, the crowed confines of Western Europe and the expansive space of North Amerians value stuff-SUVs, 7,000-sq.-ft. house-more than they value time, while for Europeans it …s the opposite. Second, as Bell predicted, America…s sense of itself as a religious nation has revive d. At least in the puritanical version of Christianity that has always appealed to Americans, religio

n comes packaged with the stern message that hard work is good for the soul. Modern Europe has avoided so melancholy a lesson.为什么欧洲人和美国人对待工作和娱乐的态度有如此大的反

差呢？我能想到两个原因。首先是西欧拥挤的环境和北美广阔的空间导致了不同的消费倾向。从广义上讲，美国人对实实在在的东西例如运动型多功能车，7000平方英尺房子的重视甚

至他们对时间的重视。对欧洲人来说，情况恰恰相反。其次，正如贝尔所预言的那样，美国宗教意识思想复苏，至少清教徒式的基督教历来迎合美国人的心声。严厉的教条规劝人们：努力工作对于灵魂升华是有益的。而现代的欧洲已没有了这种苦行课。

7、

Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studie

d in think tanks mulled over by policymakers. In th

e U.S., the term, when it…s used at all, is said wi th the sort o

f sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times, he encouraged the staff to do ―a little more s avoring‖of life, spendin

g time wit

h their families or viewing art.不管如何解释，工作与生活平衡这种观念是欧洲的要义，智囊团对之研究，决策者反复思考。在美国如果这种观念被提升的话，话语间也带有对那些吃乳蛋饼的人的耻笑。但说不定这种观念以后会很流行呢。《纽约时报》总编比尔·凯勒走马上任时，就鼓励手下人员―多品味一下生活的乐趣‖，多陪陪家人，或者多欣赏欣赏艺术。

8、Even better, they could take up the tango. 还有更好的呢，他们还能跳跳探戈。

汉译英：

1. 现在人们谈论的不再是如何享受校园生活，而是怎样发表论文，怎样找到一份好工

作。Not…but

Nowadays what get talked about is not how to enjoy life on the campus, but how to have a paper p ublished, or how to find a good job.

2. 大学生活应该是轻松愉快的，充满各种有趣的活动，但我的生活却充满压力。Be supposed to

Campus life is supposed to be happy and relaxed, full of fun activities, but my life is under great p ressure.

3. 如果你还不清楚这个实习生项目究竟是怎么回事，查阅一下公司的网站，项目负责人约翰·布朗先生在网页上有更详尽的介绍。What …is all about

If youre still wondering what this internship program is all about, check out the company website, where the director of the program, John Brown, gives a more detailed description.

4. 很多年轻人相信，一个人只有拼命工作，疯狂玩乐，才会幸福。 Only if

Many young people believe that one could be happy only if one work hard and play hard.

5. 我的研究生生活和我所希望的并不完全一样，但我努力适应，并且很乐意接受每一个意想不到的挑战。 Turn out

My new life as a postgraduate student didnt quite turn out as I hoped, but I tried to adapt myself to

it, and enjoyed meeting every unexpected challenge.

V ocabulary

1. Slender and graceful in light furs, the model wore a jeweled girdle, fine clothes and a gorgeous hat.

2. During these amazing years of unprecedented expansion, Greater London grew at a much faster rate than the national population as a whole and faster than the suburbs of any provincial city.

3. Complete your visit with a leisurelystroll_ around Cardiff Bay and enjoy the remarkable historic buildings and the delightful specialty shops.

4. As a judge who believed that there was either good or evil, with no gray area in between, he was _stern_ with lawbreakers but generous to the poor.

5. The new ruler was condemned for his introduction of a _repressive_ political system that allowed no freedom.

6. The pressure of population growth within the _confines_ of a small island of only 29 square miles led to the development of an innovatory, intensive system based on very effective soil conservation techniques.

7. Then I pretended to notice him for the first time and engaged him in conversation in an impromptu_ manner.

8. Roughly one-half of the world?s population, including almost all of East and Southeast Asia, depends on rice as its principal _staple_ food.

9. The bank planned to charge card holders a ten-yuan _annual_ fee from next year, which invited strong opposition from its customers.

10. _Intrinsically_ motivating activities are those in which people will engage for no reward other than the interest and enjoyment that accompanies them.

1.While the new college was being built in Oxford Street, the students worked in a makeshift lab oratory in apartments rented in a nearby street. Temporary

2. He has great zeal for nature and dreams to be a biologist when he grows up. Eagerness

3. It is only when foreign brands land on our doorsteps and people flock to buy them that the local manufacturers will respond to the competitive threat. Gather

4. She refused to travel abroad unless accompanied by massive quantities of prescribed drugs beca use she could only survive the small hours by swallowing incautious numbers of sleeping tablets. The early morning

5. Nearly everyone had a very positive outlook and the plans for action torevive the area were disc ussed. Revitalize

6. When she stayed away from him, he would wander out into the stony streets, hoping to bump in to her, to glimpse her sitting in a bar or on a park bench. Run into

7. Many Fine Art graduates take up professional practice as artists, and this course encourages the m to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term place ments outside the Faculty. Adopt

8. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had stumbled upon us accidentally on his way o ut of the town. Bumped into

9. She took the report, went out into the department and threw herself into her work with tight-lipp ed determination. Busied herself with

10. The statement said the people of Srebrenica appealed to the presidents of the UnitedStates and France to help halt the offensive. Urged

Cloze

Japan's rise from the devastation of World War Ⅱto economic prominence between 1945 and 1975 was not without human cost. People cannot work for ten or twelve hours a day six and seven days a week, year after year, without suffering physically as well as mentally. But during the first three postwar decades no one paid any special attention to the larger than usual number of men in their 40s and 50s who died of brain and heart ailments. It was not until the latter part of the 1980s, when several high-ranking business executives who were still in their prime years suddenly died without any previous sign of illness, that the news media began picking up on what appeared to be a new phenomenon.

This new phenomenon was quickly labeled karoshi, or "death from overwork", and once it had a name and its symptoms were broadcast far and wide, it quickly became obvious that Japan was experiencing a virtual epidemic. It is estimated in 1990 that over 10,000 people were dying each year from overwork.

A recognized authority on karoshi says that most of the victims of death from overworkhad b een putting in more than one hundred hours of overtime each. He said thevictims did not receive a ny overtime pay for their extra work, but were members of the élite managerial class who worked themselves to death “out of a samurai-like pride”.

Because of peer pressure to keep up with co-workers, out-do competing groups and increase marketshare at the expense of competitors, hundreds of thousand of Japanese managers are caught up in a(漩涡)vortex of psychological pressure that forces them to work at a frenzied pace.

After years of such

intense overwork, most managers find that they cannot rest even when they do take time off. They are so wound up that not working leaves them disoriented and suffering from serious stress.

Unit 10 It Takes a Village

V ocabulary

1. To most women, diamond is an irresistible temptation.

2. Don?t worry. Even if the road is cut off by snow, we have sufficient food to last a week.

3. Much should be taken into consideration when one budgets for a research project.

4. People doubt whether prison is the best sanction against a crime like this throughout the country .

5. I don?t think he is qualified for the position. He panics easily and is therefore useless in an em ergency.

6. With a 30-year effort, the company has built a reputation of innovative designs, and quality man ufacturing.

7. A suspected kidnapper was caught after a rush-hour police chase along a London Underground t unnel yesterday.

8. Intellectual property rights represent exclusive rights for Intellectual wealth created in the field of science, technology, literature, arts.

9. Since there is no better way to evaluate one?s intelligence, we have to place our reliance on IQ t ests.

10. I hereby affirm that all the information given in this form is true and correct.

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

研究生英语一课后翻译答案

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