2019年中考英语必考语法知识汇总(完整版)

2019年中考英语必考语法知识汇总(WORD版本名师解析语法，建议下载保存)

第一课时名词

一、概述

1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。

2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box 等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic 等。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写）

二、可数名词与不可数名词

1 、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。如：glass-----glasses; book---- books

2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。

如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea 等。

3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。

Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数)

The lights are on. (light：灯，可数)

4、不可数名词的量的表示

不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a 或an 或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。

如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk

a piece of paper ------two pieces of paper

a bag of rice ------three bags of rice

三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用）

1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化

2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式

policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;

tooth---teeth; foot---feet; s heep---sheep; deer---deer;

Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish

四、名词所有格（运用）

名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式，它也有构成上的变化。

1、单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加’ s;

2、复数名词的词尾已有s，只需加’即可；

3、复数名词的词尾若没有s ，则应加’ s ;

4、如果表示某人或物为两人所共有，则在第二个人后面加’ s ;

如：Da Mao and Xiao Mao’s room 如果不是两人共有，则在

每个人后面都加’ s;

如：Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother

5、名词所有格结构通常用于表示有生命的名词，或表示时间、距离、地点等，而表示无生命名词的所有关系则用“of”表示。

如: the windows of house the picture of the family

of 结构也能用于有生命名词的所有格。

a friend of my sister’s a book of his

第二课时冠词（一）一、概述冠词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用。在汉语中没有这个词类。在

学习冠词时，要注意这种加在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的词表示数量“一”时，与数词的区别；其表示“数量”的意义没有“one”强，这是学习中注意区别的。

二、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能

离开名词而单

独存在。冠词有两种：

一种是定冠词(the Definite Article)；the

一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article). a an

三、不定冠词的用法

a 用于辅音音素起首的单词前，an 用于元音音素起首的单词前。

1、当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a 或an 起介绍作用，如：

What is this? It is a bus.

Who is she? She is a doctor.

2、表示泛指一类人或物

A snake is a cold-blood animal.

A plane is a machine that can fly.

3、表示某一类人或事物的任何一个。如：

She is a teacher; That is an apple.

There is an elephant in the zoo.

4、可用于某些词组，是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。如：

a long time a little a few

at a time have a try take a chance

5、表示“每一个”的意思。如：

three times a day four yuan a dozen

6、可用于抽象名词之前，使抽象名词具体化。如：

I am quite at a loss;

The little child is a joy to his parents.

7、用于物质名词之前，使物质名词普通化。如：

He drew out a tin of pineapple.

They made a fire to get warm.

注意：

1、不定冠词an 用在以元音（不是字母，而是发音）起首的名词或其他以元音起首的词之前，不定冠词a 用在以辅音起首的名词或其他以辅音起首的词之前。

2、u 和h 有时在单词中发元音，有时却读作辅音或不发音。如：

I have been waiting for an hour.

He is an honest young fellow.

A hammer is a useful fool.

3、英语中有些字母，如f h l m n s x。由于它前头第一个音是元音，所以在单独使用或作缩略词的第一个字母时，应使用“an”，如：

There is an “n” in the word “no”.

An MP means a member of parliament.

第三课时冠词（二）

一、定冠词的用法

定冠词the 有this, that, these, those 等意思，用于单数或复数名词前。主要用来特指，使一个或几个事物区别于所有其他同名的事物。

1、指前文已经提到过的人或事物。如：

I wrote an article. The article was about physics.

2、指说话人都知道的人或事物。如：

Please close the door before you leave.

Let’s go to the classroom.

3、名词有定语修饰时，须用定冠词the,表示特指意义。如：

The book on the desk is his.

The teacher who talked with you is her mother.

4、用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

the sun the moon the earth the sky the world

5、用在序数词前面表示顺序。如：

I live on the fourth floor.

My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.

6、与其他词连用，构成固定词组。如：

on the left in the north in the front of

7、在表示乐器名称的名词之前用定冠词。如：

the piano the violin

8、用在形容词或副词的最高级前面。如：

This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had.

He is the tallest of us.

9、用在形容词前面，表示复数意义的某一类人或事物。如：

the rich the poor the young the living

the new the right the true the beautiful

10、在表示江河、山脉、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专用名词之前加定冠词。如：

the Changjiang River the Nile

the Alps the Himalayas

11、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。如：

the Qin Dynasty the Ming Dynasty

in the 50’s the spring period

12、和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用，表示某姓氏一家人或夫妇二人。如：

the Lis the Martins

二、不用冠词的情况

1、除一些特殊情况外，专用名词以及抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词。如：

Man is mortal.

Miss Smith came in power at last.

2、当名词前已有this, that, my, his, any, every, some, no, those, these 等词修饰时或有所有格修饰时，不必加冠词。如：

She is my sister.

This article you had written is very wonderful.

3、在交通工具、学科名称等名词前不加冠词。如：

by plane by boat Chinese Physics

4、在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不加冠词。如：

National Day May Day

Autumn January

5、在一日三餐、体育类等名词前不加冠词。如：

He prefers milk and egg for breakfast.

He preferred to play football and I’d rather play tennis.

6、在唯一的职务、头衔的名词前不加冠词。如：

He is elected manager of our company.

People elected him president of that country last year.

7、在报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前不加冠词。如：

Worker’s Mind

Notes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng

8、在一些固定词组中不加冠词。如：

at home by mistake learn by heart

at first at last at once

by sea day and night

第四课时代词（一）

一、概述

代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词的分类：人称代词：表示“我”、“我们”、“你”“你们”、“他、她、它”、“他们”的词叫人称

代词；物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；

反身代词：表示动作反射到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词；

指示代词：表示能替代名词或替代形容词的词；

不定代词：表示不指明替代任何特定名词的代词。疑

问代词：表示替代人或物且含有疑问语气的代词。

二、人称代词

人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。

1、主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作宾语。

She gave these books to you and me;

You must look after them;

2、当并列代词作主语时，I 放在最后。顺序为你，他，我

You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.

三、物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，有人称和数不清变化

形式。

形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词，如：

my watch; your books ; their names;

名词性物主代词在句中可单独作用，可作主语、宾语和表语，后面不跟名词，英语中

说：“我的一位朋友”，要用“a friend of mi ne”。

有些结构中常用the 替代物主代词

He had a cold in the head.（the 意思是his）

My mother took me by the arm. （the 意思是her）

四、反身代词

反身代词在句中可以加强语气，用作宾语和同位语。

He himself has finished it .（作同位语）

He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .（作宾语）

I did it mysldf. （加强语气）

某些固定结构：by oneself; fo oneself; among themselves

They made the machine all by themselves.

He cooked a meal for himself.

第五课时代词（二）

一、指示代词

指示代词有：this; that; these; those

this, these 表示“这”、“这些”，是“近指”。that, those 表示“那”、“那些”，是“远指”。注意：在电话用语里面，用this 代替自己，that 代替对方。如：

who’s that? This is Tom speaking

二、不定代词

英语中有以下不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no 还有由some, any , no every 构成的代词。

1）both, all

both 是指“两者都”，而all 则是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：

Both of us are right.

All of you are good at playing basketball.

但all 还可以组成固定短语all day, all this, all the time 等

2) either, neither

either 是指“两者之中任何一个……“属于部分否定，而neither 则是“两者之中一个也不……“属全部否定

Either of the books will do.

Neither of the answers is right.

而either 还可出现在否定句子里，可与neither 进行句型转换。如：

Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either

= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.

而neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不……”，构成“neither (nor) +助动词+主语”的句式。

Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.

3) little, a little, few, a few

little, a little 修饰不可数名词；few , a few 修饰可数名词；

little, few 表示否定，“几乎没有”

a little, a few 表示肯定，相当于some, any.

There is a little milk in the glass.

There are few students in the classroom, they’r e in the reading-room.

4) every, each

every, each 都是强调每一个，every 作定语修饰名词。如：

The bus comes every five minutes.

Each of them may come at a different time.

5) some , any

6) 由some, any, no, every 组成的不定代词

something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.

三、疑问代词疑问代词用来构成疑问句，一共

有五个：who, whom, whose, what, which.

第六课时数词

一、基数词基数

词表示数量

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven

twelve

thirteen

fourteen

fifteen

sixteen

seventeen

eighteen

nineteen

twenty

thirty

forty

fifty

sixty

seventy

eighty

ninety

twenty-one

thirty-eight

fifty-three

a hundred

a thousand

a million

a billion

注意：表示具体数目的hundren, thousand, million 等均不用复数，百位数和十位数之间通常加连词and；十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。

二、序数词

first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh

twelfth

thirteenth

fourteenth

fifteenth

sixteenth

seventeenth

eighteenth

nineteenth

twentieth

thirtieth

fortieth

fiftieth

sixtieth

seventieth

eightieth

ninetieth

hundredth

twenty-first

ninety-ninty

a hundred and fifty-third

序数词的缩写形式：由阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。

first---1st second --- 2nd tenth --- 10th

三、时间和年月日表示法

1、时间均用基数词表示：

1）顺读法，先说“点钟”，再说“分钟”，如：

2:15 two fifteen 6:20 six twenty

2）逆读法

30 分钟以内：“分钟数+ past +钟点数”，如：

3:20 --- twenty past three 2:10 --- ten past two

半小时用half，15 分钟用a quarter :

2:15 --- a quarter past two 3:30 --- half past three

30 分钟以外要用：“分钟数+ to + 下一个钟点”，如：

4:35 --- twenty-five to five 2:55 --- five to three

2）年月日表示法年份读法；月日读法；年月

日一起读法。

四、分数的表示法当分数中表示分子的数只含个位数时一般采用“分子（用基数词）+

分母（用序数词）”

表示。（分子大于1 时，分母序数词用复数）如：

one-third; two-thirds; three twenty-seconds

五、数词与名词的搭配

1）数词与名词连用时，它们的次序是“名词+基数词”

Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序数词+ 名词”

The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor

2）数词与小时的搭配

two hours and a half three hours

half an hour

第七课时形容词一、概述

形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物或特征。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

The beautiful girl is Tom’s sister.（充当定语）

Three is nothing serious, is there?（充当定语，修饰不定代词的形容词及短语要放在不定代词之后）

The shoes in the shop were not very expensive.（作表语）

The old are looked after well.（有些形容词和定冠词the 连用时，表示一类人或物，其谓语动词用复数形式）

二、形容词比较级及最高级的形式

1、绝大部分双音节形容词和单音节形容词的比较等级变化是规则变化。

2、部分双音节和多音节形容词比较级和最高级变化形式在多音节形容词前加more 或most

beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful

useful – more useful – most useful

3、不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式：

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词：名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that，which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard． 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine． 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing． 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works． 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

2014中考英语语法知识点总结：动词

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