【英语】高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)

【英语】高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, ocean-going sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the sea became even more important to the country's development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest,most powerful navy in the world.

The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical (航海的)terms, although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an honest and fair business deal as being "above board". Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ship'sbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out of public view.On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards),in the open where everyone could see what was going on.

"Pipe down!", meaning "Be quiet!", is anothercommon expression that has nautical origins. The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.

Most native English speakers have heard the expression "notenough room to swing a cat", but few know that the "cat" does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The "cat" isactually a short form of "cat of nine tails" —a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails. A boatswain needed a lot of spacein order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打) a poor sailor under his control!

（1）The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because ________.

A. they occupied more land around the world

B. they got more wealth from the sea

C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea

D. they had the largest navy ever

（2）If someone is open and above board, it means he is ________.

A. secretive

B. honest

C. cheerful

D. dishonest

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.

B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.

C. A poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day.

D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.

（4）What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The business on British sailing ships.

B. The influence of British sailors' language on English.

C. The sailing history of England.

D. The sailing story of British sailors.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着强大的海军。一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“…people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being “above board”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'above board'”。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The ship's boatswa in (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

It is commonly believed that the earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the sixth century. Some scholars believe it was even earlier.Legend has it that during the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines, Madame Li, died. A Taoistpriest, Li Shaoweng, cut a piece of hemp paper in the shape of Madame Li. Whenevening fell, the emperor's servants lit candles in his bedroom; the reflectionof that paper-cut on the wall made the emperor think about his belovedconcubine.

The Yuxian paper-cut is different from most paper-cutsproduced in other regions of China. Paper-cuts from other regions are mostlycut with scissors or knives from single-colored paper, such as red or blackpaper.

There are four major procedures to making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the pattern on the draft paper; second, fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use a knife to carve out the

pattern; andfourth, dye (染色)the paper-cut with various colors.

Precise cutting skills are needed to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which highlights the craft maker's artistic taste and dyeingskills. That explains the following saying: "The successful making of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70percent on the maker's dyeing skills."

The traditional Yuxian paper-cut highlights two themes:flowers and characters in Chinese operas. The paper-cut is particularly knownfor its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas.In October 2009, the art of Yuxian's paper-cut was added to the list ofIntangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) established by UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).

（1）The first paragraph is actually about___________.

A. Emperor Wudi's favorite concubine

B. the origins of Chinese paper-cuts

C. the inventor of Chinese paper-cut

D. one of the themes of Yuxian paper-cut

（2）Which is the most important skill of making paper-cut?

A. Drawing skill.

B. Cutting skill.

C. Dyeing skill.

D. Carving skill

（3）According to the passage, the Yuxian paper-cut is especially famous for its__________.

A. lively images of characters in classic operas

B. traditional Chinese operas

C. Chinese cultural influence on operas

D. advanced cutting techniques

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Earliest Chinese Legend

B. The Yuxian Paper-cut Skills

C. Emperor Wudi's Sad Story

D. Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The successful making of a Yuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70 percent on the maker's dyeing skills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30 %取决于制作人的切割技巧，70 %取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The paper-cut is particularly known for its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。可知，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传统蔚县剪纸突出

了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and United States president Donald Trump's granddaughter, Arabella Kushner, have in common? They both study Chinese as a second language.

Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn, a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.

Nov 2 saw more than 120 people, coming from 105 countries, compete in the finals of the 12th "Chinese Bridge" Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students. Held in Zhengzhou, Henan province, the finals was mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows. The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.

While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.

Raissa, 17, from the Union of the Comoros, developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago. This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.

Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China. "My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did," she said.

For Fekete Marcell Zoltan, 17, from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School, studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China. "After graduation from high school, I would like to further my studies in China," he said.

Robert Davis, director of the Chinese-language program in Chicago's public school system, may give you a hint. "Chinese isn't the new French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world." he told CGTN.

（1）Why are Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in paragraph one?

A.To show Chinese is popular.

B.To introduce them to the readers.

C.To tell the readers they love China.

D.To stress the importance of learning Chinese.

（2）The underlined word Fascinated in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.

A.Attracted

B.Employed

C.Inspected

D.Appreciated

（3）What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese?

A.It's easy to learn.

B.They want to become a doctor.

C.They hope for a good job after graduation.

D.They have interest in Chinese culture and rapid development.

（4）What is Robert Davis' attitude to learning Chinese?

A.Doubtful.

B.Supportive.

C.Indifferent.

D.Upset.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They both study Chinese as a second language.”以及上文可知，前澳大利亚的首相Kevin Rudd, 脸谱 CEO Mark Zuckerberg and 川普的孙女 Arabella Kushner,是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in act ivities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.”可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段“While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the country's ric h culture and rapid development.” 可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Chinese isn't the new French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world.” 可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.

Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers(扬声器)and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.

Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people. But most of the radio broadcast is music.

Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout the country, young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.

Besides pop music, there are two other kinds of music that is important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. The other is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.

Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music, such as the symphonies(交响乐)of Beethoven. There is opera for singers, ballet for dancers like the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.

（1）In what way can music be regarded as an international language?

A.Popular music is what everyone enjoys.

B.The wonderful songs are popular with the world people.

C.When music is played, it seems as if it were speaking to us.

D.Music is too popular for everyone to be able to play it.

（2）What can we know about music and people in America?

A.Adult drivers listen to news as well as music when they drive to work.

B.Adult drivers never listen to music when they drive to work.

C.Student drivers carry small radios with earphones when they drive on the streets.

D.Students always listen to music before class, in class and after class.

（3）Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?

A.All people in America like popular music.

B.Pop singers can get all the money from the tapes.

C.Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai is a kind of pop music in China.

D.Now，western or country music is a little different from its beginning.

（4）What's the best title of the passage?

A.International language.

B.Music in America.

C.Pop music.

D.Music listeners.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国的几种音乐。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Music is an international language.The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere”可知，音乐是一种世界性的语言，用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的，因此推断美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Adult drivers listen to music on the c ar radio as they drive to work.They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people.”可知，成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音乐，他们还收听体育新闻，天气，政治，和美国人民的活动。A项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This was started by cowboys who w ould sing at night to the cows they were watching.Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.”可知，如今的乡村音乐与过去是不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音乐。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture. Jazz clubs around the city still host concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs, the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has live jazz seven nights a week.

But the real history of jazz in Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenue's culture, jazz music was gone from the streets for many years.

Indiana Avenue was the heart of a neighborhood along the White River. It was a center for black music and live street music. The wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place that poorer families, including many African-American and immigrant (移民) families, moved to.

Jazz prospered in the mix of American cultures around the Avenue in the 1930s and 1940s. But in the 1950s, things changed. After the war, there were projects to make the city beautiful and build a university nearby. Both of these seemed like good changes. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.

After many years, Indianapolis remembered the value of its arts and music culture. It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue. Once again, the high living costs in these historic arts areas pushed low-income families out.

Today there are several old-style jazz clubs where friends can meet up to remember the past or just enjoy a summer evening. It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue.

（1）What does the author mainly want to say in Paragraph 1?

A.Jazz clubs can make big money.

B.Jazz musicians often hold concerts.

C.Jazz music is popular in Indianapolis.

D.Jazz culture is just part of Indianapolis' culture.

（2）What does the underlined word "prospered" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Disappeared quickly.

B.Arrived soon.

C.Recovered soon.

D.Developed well.

（3）What did Indianapolis do to bring back its lost culture?

A.It rebuilt some old important areas.

B.It invited old jazz musicians to sing in the city.

C.It educated people about the value of music culture.

D.It settled low-income families in the Indiana Avenue community,

（4）According to the passage, which of the following about modern Indy jazz is true?

A.Its home culture is gone.

B.Its styles are too traditional.

C.It shows the sadness of the poor.

D.It is no longer a favorite of the young.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，2019年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。

（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的“Now in 2019, jazz music is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture.” 现在到了2019年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成部分。可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中中的“But in the 1950s, things changed…. However, the new university and buildings caused poorer families to have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana Avenue community - and with it, its jazz culture.” 但在20世纪50年代，情况发生了变化。……然而，新的大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。这摧毁了印第安纳大道社区，也随之摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。可知，转折词but之后描述了爵士乐的衰落，因此推测出划线词prospered意为“兴盛、蓬勃发展”。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“It began to bring back lost cultures such as live music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make new changes. The changes included repairing historic areas like the Avenue.” 它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。为此，它开始做出新的改变。这些改变包括修复像The Avenue这样的历史街区。可知，它重建了一些旧的重要区域。故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It might seem at first that jazz is alive again, but there is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow (影子) of the lively culture that was once on Indiana Avenue. ”乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实:现代印地安那爵士乐只是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道

上的文化的一个影子。可知，爵士乐的本土文化消失了。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's “Always Coca-Cola”, you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.

An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds. It's almost certain that every brand has a popular slogan.

Here are a few examples:

"Just do it!"-This slogan speaks out to teens. It tells them to do something, but only if they think it's worth it. And if so, why not do it wearing Nike?

"Always Coca-Cola."-Coke's slogans change every few years, but this one has enjoyed a lasting popularity because it shows the brand's spirit. It seems to say "Coke is the only drink there is; there are no other forms of drinks."

"Share moments, share life."-This slogan from Kodak connects photos and beauty. It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!

（1）What would be the best title for the text?

A.Just Do It!

B.Slogan And Brand

C.Famous Slogans

D.What Is A Good Slogan?

（2）Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence (paragraph 2)?

A.A good advertising slogan should draw people's attention.

B.A brand should have an advertising slogan just as people have eyes.

C.An advertising slogan is as important to a brand as eyes are to a person.

D.An advertising slogan acts as the eyes of a brand.

（3）The word "them" in the last paragraph refers to____.

A.people

B.the happy moments

C.photos and beauty

D.Kodak film

（4）Which of the following tables can best match the slogans with their brands?

A.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】（1）B （2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On hearing the words ‘Just do it!’, you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's ‘Always Coca-Cola’, you can be sure someone wa nts to sell you a refreshing drink.”介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系，下文举了几个例子，故选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.”标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，使用“An advertising slogan(广告标语) is to a brand what eyes are to a person.” 作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用，也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中“It asks people to remember the happy moments in life by taking photos of them-using Kodak film of course!”可知，them指的是前文的“happy moments”。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The slogan helps people understand the brand better by telling them what it wants to sell to its customers. Good slogans leave a message inside people's minds.(标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌，告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。可知，表格中的第一条“Obey your thirst”服从你的渴望，标语当中的“thirst”有口渴的意思，故可能跟饮料有关；根据常识可知，这是饮料雪碧的广告语。结合选项，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because" the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature," the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental

analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?

A. It introduces different cultural values.

B. It explains the history of artistic works.

C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.

D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.

（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ .

A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

（3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ .

A. they are results of scientific study

B. they establish some general principles of art

C. they are created by the world's greatest artists

D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

（4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A. Are Artistic Values Universal?

B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?

C. Is Human Nature Uniform?

D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art, even if they began as works of popula r art.”可知不会把莫扎特与日本的音乐进行比较，正如日本的画作与巴黎的画廊进行比较，艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because‘ the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature," the value of some works of art might be essen tially permanent.’ ”可知Davide曾辩论到风格的原则上是没有变化的，所以一些艺术是可能会永生的，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出不同的观点，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Nobel prize winners sometimes display as much uniqueness when deciding how to spend their prize money as they did on the work that won them the award in the first place.

When Sir Paul Nurse won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2001, he decided to upgrade his motorbike. A fellow winner in 1993, Richard Roberts, installed a croquet lawn in front of his house. Austrian author Elfriede Jelinek, who won in 2004, said the prize meant "financial independence."

Lars Heikensten, executive director of the Nobel Foundation, said there were no obvious shopping trends among winners.

"I think it depends a lot on which country they come from, their personal finances... what kind of incomes they have when they get the prize," he said.

Real estate, however, is a popular option, at least among those willing to reveal what they spend the money on. Phillip Sharp, the American co-winner of the 1993 medicine prize, decided to splash out on a 100-year-old Federal style house. "I took that money and bought a little bit bigger house... It's a beautiful old place," he told AFP(法新社), adding that "The money is a nice part of the process", but "the important thing about the prize is the recognition."

For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. Many, like US President Barack Obama in 2009 and the European Union in 2012, donate to charities.

Literature winners tend to be more private about how they use the money, but the choice is often equally straightforward. "Even if Nobel-winning authors are quite well known, many of them will not have made much money from writing," said Anna Gunder, a Nobel literature expert at Uppsala University. While the prize might keep the wolf from the door for some years, giving them freedom to write, it can also briefly have the opposite effect. "It really changes their careers… During the first year after they've won they often write less, but they generally continue after a year or two," said Gunder.

（1）From the passage, we learn that ______.

A. The money is actually the best part of the Nobel Prize

B. Nobel winners have great originality in using prize money

C. Few winners would spend their prize money on houses

D. Winners become more independent on their country

（2）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "clear-cut" in paragraph 6?

A. open

B. private

C. unique

D. complex

（3）According to the passage, in the first year after winning Noble Prize, literature winners may .

A. become less productive

B. make more money from writing

C. have the freedom to create more and better works

D. disappear from the public eyes for a period of time

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。比如，房产就是众多诺贝尔奖获得者喜欢投资的方向。作者还提到了诺贝尔和平奖获得者对奖金的花费更公开，而文学家获得者对奖金的花费更私人化。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在决定如何花他们的奖金时展现出很多的独特性。originality"独创性，创造性"，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“For winners of the peace prize the decision is often more clear-cut, as the honor tends to go to politicians, organizations and activists who are under more public supervision. ”诺贝尔和平奖得主的奖金如何用的决定通常会更清晰，公开。因为和平奖通常会由政治家、组织及活动家获得，而他们通常处在更多的公众监管之下。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"During the first year after they've won they often write less,..."可知在获得诺贝尔奖之后的第一年，作家作品会少一些。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

More and more people in America are celebrating the Indian holiday Diwali. Diwali is Hindi for "row of lights". It is the most important holiday in India.

Many people around the world are beginning to celebrate it as well. The United States is one of the places where the festival is becoming more common. Diwali celebrations can now be found at American landmarks like Disneyland in California and New York City's Times Square. They are also held in many parks and museums.

Neeta Bhasin created the Times Square event. She said Indian immigrants have found great success in America. But, she said, many Americans still do not know much about India. So, she decided to act." I felt it's about time that we should take India to mainstream America and show India's rich culture, heritage, arts and variety to the world," she said, "and I couldn't find a better place than Times Square."

Bhasin came to the United States from India 40 years ago. She is president of ASB Communications, the marketing firm behind Diwali at Times Square. Tens of thousands of people attend the event, now in its fourth year.

In India, Diwali is a five-day harvest festival held just before the Hindu New Year. The exact dates change from year to year but Diwali is always in the fall. Celebrations include lighting oil lamps or candles called "diyas".

A Diwali celebration will light up Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim this year. Visitors can watch performances of traditional Indian dances and take part in a Bollywood dance party.

The event is part of a Festival of Holidays program at the theme park to show cultural traditions from around the world. The program takes place on November 10th through January 7th.

San Antonio, Texas, also holds a Diwali celebration. And it is one of the nation's largest celebrations, with more than 15,000 people in attendance each year. Visitors can enjoy Indian dance，food and fireworks. Organizers also plan to float hundreds of lighted candles in the San Antonio River, along the city's famous River Walk.

（1）Which is the main symbol in the Indian holiday Diwali?

A. Dances.

B. Lamps.

C. Food.

D. Clothes.

（2）Why did Neeta Bhasin set up the Times Square event?

A. To make the American culture richer.

B. To create a new business for the firm.

C. To make Indian culture better known in the US.

D. To show the achievements of Indian immigrants.

（3）What do we know about Diwali?

A. It is held in autumn in India.

B. It lasts five days in America.

C. It has been held for 40 years in America.

D. It happens from November 10th to January 7th in India.

（4）What is the main idea of the text?

A. Diwali is mainly celebrated in Disney Parks.

B. Many American cities compete to hold Diwali.

C. Indian Holiday Diwali lights up America, too.

D. Diwali has become the most important holiday in India.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，Diwali在印度语中意为"排灯节"。它是印度最重要的节日。越来越多的美国人庆祝印度的Diwali。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Celebrations include lighti ng oil lamps or candles called ‘diyas’.”可知，the Indian holiday Diwali的主要标志是Lamps。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Neeta Bhasin created the Times Square event. She said Indian immigrants have found great success in America. But, she said, many Americans still do not know much about India.”可知，Neeta Bhasin成立了the Times Square的活动是为了让印度文化在美国更广为人知。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“In India, Diwali is a five-day harvest festival held just before the Hindu New Year. The exact dates change from year to year but Diwali is always in the f all.”可知，Diwali在印度的秋天举行。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“More and more people in America are celebrating the Indian holiday Diwali. Diwali is Hindi for ‘row of lights’. It is the most important holiday in India.”

可知，Indian Holiday Diwali也照亮了美国。它在美国越来越受欢迎。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

The best-known example of external( 外部的)influence causing language change is the "Americanization" of world culture, which has caused English words to appear in city streets all over the world. The effect is most noticeable in pop music. Foreign groups often record in English, and the words are picked up and repeated in the same language everywhere, even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language. I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count 'one, two, three', but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock 'at the end.

Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language --- especially when an English word replaces a traditional word. In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect, and that the arrival of loan words( 外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself, which has a long history of welcoming foreign words).

However, not everyone is critical. In particular, commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan, English is even used in television commercials, despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.

Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages, but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type “The book sells well”, using an active construction for a pas sive meaning, have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word, and do not translate it into the native form, e.g. drinks. There are many other such cases.

（1）Why could the Brazilian child speak 'one, two, three' in English?

A. Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.

B. Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.

C. Because he had made himself master of English.

D. Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.

（2）What can we infer about the law passed in France in1977?

A. It was strict.

B. It was unfair.

C. It was often ignored.

D. It was strongly opposed.（3）Some Japanese commercials use English in the hope of .

A. following the American trend

B. becoming world-famous

C. enriching Japanese

D. increasing sales

（4）The last paragraph is mainly developed by .

A. providing examples

B. making comparisons

C. explaining grammar rules

D. analyzing language change

（5）What is the authors attitude towards language change?

A. Critical.

B. Objective.

C. Concerned.

D. Supportive.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响，最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”，它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Foreign groups often record in English ??? but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock at the end.”可知文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语，但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放，所以他学会了说这些数字。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing.”可知1977年，法国通过了一项法律，禁止在官方场合使用与法语表达相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring以及the excellence implied by the mere use of English”可知，广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色，激发人们的购买欲。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角，引用了不同人的观点和意见，作者本身没有发表看法，因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

高考英语阅读理解三篇

(A ) A coal-fire stove(炉灶)provided heating for Zhao Yaoqin's courtyard bungalow in a Beijing hutong all her life. This winter, however, the stove has disappeared from the 66-year-old's life, and an electric radiator takes its place beside her bed, a product of a government to use clean energy in the national capital. With the Olympics to be staged in Beijing next August, the city is determined to eliminate the use of coal within the Third Ring Road that circles the city before the Games. The project to replace the stoves with electric radiators has been part of the effort. When the city's four-month long heating season started on Thursday, coal-fired stoves, known as a big source of pollution in the big city, have disappeared from some 20,000 local households like Zhao's bungalow in the inner city "hutong" -- traditional alleyways(小巷) that date back centuries. "We used to boil water or bake bread on the stove," said Zhao, sounding sentimental(伤感) to the disappearance of the coal furnace from her life. Late in the 1990s, Beijing's air quality monitoring office found that the emissions(排放) of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide from the hutong areas have been higher than the city's average in winter, mainly because of the coal stoves. With the project to switch to clean energy for heating launched in 1999, the emission level of the two poisonous substances decreased by 42 percent and 44 percent, respectively, this year from 2001 levels. Zhao said the fee for electrical heat for the entire winter was usually around 2,400 yuan (US$323) per household. With the government's subsidy（补贴）, however, she only needed to pay about 500 yuan, nearly the same price as that for coal. 1．Zhao Yaoqin’ example in the passage is to tell us that_______. A.people in Beijing using electric radiators to welcome the Olympics. B.people in Beijing are doing something to protect the environment. C.hutongs in Beijing have a long history. D.People pay more money to use electric radiators than before. 2. The underlined word eliminate probably means________ A. cut down. B. increase. C. get rid of. D. replace 3. We can infer from the passage that ______ A. Zhao Yaoqin has a strong and deep emotion with the use of coal-fire stove. B. The government will pay most of the fee. C. The air of Beijing has been badly polluted since 1990s. D. The people do not use coal eight months in one year. 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The clean air is important when the Olympics Games is held in Beijing. B. The success of the Olympics Games depends on the clean air. C. The government spare no effort to make the environment better. D. The emission level of poisonous substances will be low in 2008.

高三模拟考试英语试题答案及解析

高三模拟考试英语试题答案及解析 2013.03 第一部分听力 1—5 CBACA 6—10 ABCBB 11—15 AACBA 16—20 BCCAC 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节语法和词汇知识 21. A 在过去三十年中，农业发生了显著的进步。两者均无特指的含义。第一空：不定冠词a， 第二空：零冠词。 22. B 为了应对物价（上涨）问题，“我父亲”想退休后（beyond超过退休年龄）继续工作。 23. D when是关系副词，引导非限定性定语从句。明天是公休日，孩子应该（趁此机会） 接近自然。 24. C 短语辨析题。预算较低的《泰囧》是不完美的，但总的来说（all in all）还是可看的。 其余各项逻辑意义均不符合。 25. C 我们很少在周五开会，除非有重要事情讨论。unless引导条件状语从句。 26. B 时态考查题。他没来的原因是“正在准备考试”。 27. D 考查非谓语动词。making作状语，相当于which makes….。 28. A 名词辨析题。concern意为“关注的事情”。 29. C 时态考查题。didn’t think意为“本来没有料到”。 30. B 考查形容词辨义。大家都对工程师辞职的原因感到“好奇”。 31. B 表语从句，由句意可得，“我对假期的作用最看重的就是怎样来放松自己”。 32. A 动词短语辨析。come across意为“（偶然）遇到，碰到”。 33. D 代词考查题。rules为复数，故用those代替。

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