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what 用法小结

what 用法小结
what 用法小结

一、what about与how about

用这两个短语放在句首的简略问句,都可以用来表示征求意见或询问情况。两者可以互换,但有时不能,what about也有别的用法和解释。例如:

What about going to Harbin tomorrow?

=How about going to Harbin tomorrow?

What about the funding? Where are we going to get it?

=How about the funding? Where are we going to get it?

注意what about有别的用法和解释。例如:

What about it? =What shall we do?

What about the others(Concerning the others, what is your plan or idea?

别的人怎么办?(至于别人,你有什么打算或意见?)

What about it? (Tell me more precisely what you mean.)

这是怎么回事?(把你的意思明确的地告诉我。)

二、what if, what of和what for

这三个短语的用法和含义各不相同。What if表示“倘若……将会怎样?即使……又有什么关系呢?”;what of 表示“……的情况怎样?……又有什么重要性呢?;what for为何目的?为什么?。例如:

What if it rains while we are out?

倘若我们外出遇上下雨,那怎么办呢?

What of it?那有什么了不起呢?(那又怎么样呢?)

Well, and what of it? (It has no importance.)

嗯,那又怎么样呢?(怎么,那有什么了不起?)

What for did you ask that silly question? Now he’s going to speak for another ten minutes. 你干吗要问那个愚蠢的问题?这一来他又得说上十分钟。

What did you do that for?

三、what作the thing that 或as much…as解。

What作关系代词,其作用相当于the thing或people that,请比较:

This is just what I have been looking forward to.

=This is just the book that I have been looking forward to.

The thing that I like most in her is her kindness.

=What I like most in her is her kindness.

The upstart is not what he was ten years ago.

=The upstart is not the man that was ten years ago.

这个暴发户已经不是十年前那个人了。

四、What作关系形容词,其作用相当于as much…as, whatever。请比较:

She will give the sick baby what care she can.

=She will give the sick baby as much care as she can.

Lend me what money you have on hand.

五、What …is或What…are

当what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词要根据表语的内容判断。请比较:

What I need most are two books.

What I need most is only one book.

六、what is+形容词或副词比较级

常用的短语有:what is more而且;what is/was worse 更糟糕的是;what is better而

且更可贵的是;what is the best of all最难能可贵的是,what is more important更重要的是;what is more disappointing而且更令人失望的是,等等。例如:

She said it, and what is more disappointing, she did. 她那样说了,而且更使人失望的是,她还那样做了。

And, what makes the matter worse, she has already taken to smoking. 而且,更糟糕的是,她已经迷上吸烟了。

七、What is…like?和What does…like?

前者like是介词,答语是形容词;而后者like是动词其答语是名词。例如:

What is your sister like? She is very clever.

What does she like? She likes picture books.

八、What is he like?和What is he?

前者指外貌和品行等,其答语用形容词;而后者则指职业,其答语是职业名词。例如:What was he like ten years ago? V ery honest.

What was he ten years ago? A teacher.

九、What+名词和what +little的区别。

前者表示:“所有的都”;而后者表示:“虽少但全部”。请比较:

She saved what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school. 她从她微薄的薪金中尽量省出一些来帮助她兄弟上学。

She gave her sister what books she had .她把她所有的书都给她妹妹了。

十、what to do在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:

What to do next has not been decided.

I don’t know what to do with these used desks.

十一、What one is和what one has的区别

前者指一个人的品质或特征;而后者指一个人的财富。请比较:

I married you not for what you have but for what you are.

我嫁给你不是为了你的财富,而是看上了你的人品。

十二、what with…and what with…和what by…and what by…两者表示:“一半由于……一半由于;一方面由于……一方面由于”。例如:

What with hard work and what with taking too little care of himself, our headmaster came to leave this world at the age of fifty.

一半由于工作太累,一半由于太不关心自己,所以我们的校长五十岁就去世了。

十三、whatever和no matter what区别

引导让步状语从句时,二者没有区别,但whatever可引导名词性从句也可以作限定词,而no matter what不能。请比较:

Whatever you do, you must do it well.

=No matter what you do, you must do it well.

Whatever you do should be done well.

Whatever books you have, you should often read.

Whatever you say goes. =Anything that you say goes. 无论你说什么,都会照办。

十四、what引导感叹句。例如:

What a good student he is! What a Chinese!

there being的用法

there being与there to be用法区别 1. "There being" 的用法及意义: 1). "There being"可以用作一个介词的复合宾语,跟 "There to be"不同的是:"There to be"往往表 示目前"没有存在"的事物;而"There being"则通常表示"已经存在"的事情。请看: (1). The Chinese are proud of there being the Great Wall in North China. 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪。 注意: there being 还可以作主语: (2)There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店,真是方便极了。 2). "There being" 还可以用作副词, 在语法上叫"独立结构"。如: There being no teacher in the classroom, the pupils began to talk freely. 由于教室里没有教师,学生们开始自由交谈。 3). 作介词的宾语一般用There being句式,但如果是for时,一般用there to be句式。 (1 ) This depended on there being a sudden change. 这需要有一个突然的改变。 (2) The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。 2. "There to be"的用法及意义: 1). "There to be" 可以用作一个动词的宾语,我们通常称之为复合宾语,其意义常表示对将来 的一种意愿或希望,但目前还没"存在"。例: She doesn't hope there to be any quarrel between me and her. 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵。(对将来的一种希望) 2). "There to be"也可以用在句型 "It be + adj. for..."中。例: It is important for there to be a free school for the poor children. 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了。

With的用法全解

With的用法全解 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英 语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 1.带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如: Run with the kite like this.

when的用法总结大全

when的用法总结大全 when的用法你知道多少,今天给大家带来when的用法,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。 when的用法总结大全 when的意思 adv. 什么时候,(用于时间的表达方式之后)在那时,其时,当时conj. 在…时,既然,如果 pron. 什么时候,那时 n. 时间,时候,日期,场合 when用法 when可以用作副词 when的基本意思是“什么时候”。可用作疑问副词,用来询问某事曾发生或将要发生的时间,引导特殊疑问句; 还可用作关系副词引导限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和表语从句,表示“是…时候的事”。 when可用作从属连词,引导状语从句,表示时间时作“当…时,在…的时候”解; 表示条件时作“如果,要是”解; 表示对比时作“既

然,考虑到”解。当when所引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,常将其主语、系动词或助动词省去,只留实义动词或表语,或者改写为短语。 when所引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 when用作副词的用法例句 When did that happen?那件事是什么时候发生的? They stood respectfully when he entered the room.当他走进房间时,他们都恭恭敬敬地站着。 Iron will melt when it is made very hot.当铁烧得很热时就会熔化的。 when可以用作连词 when可用作从属连词,引导状语从句,表示时间时作“当…时,在…的时候”解; 表示条件时作“如果,要是”解; 表示对比时作“既然,考虑到”解。当when所引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,常将其主语、系动词或助动词省去,只留实义动词或表语,或者改写为短语。 when所引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

How many和 how much的用法

How many和how much的用法 所谓的名词,即是指物品、动、植物,以及地方的名称。但有些东西是可以数得出来的,而有些则是数不出来的。数得出来的东西,便称为可数名词,数不出来的东西,即称为不可数名词。平时所见的可数名词有椅子、桌子、人、树木等;而根本数不出来的不可数名词有水、空气、感情等,但有些则是太小,或平时也没有细数者,如头发、沙子、稻米等,亦归为不可数名词。依此推想,你可以想到有哪些可数名词?哪些不可数名词呢?试各举五个例子: 但在英语中,有些名词的归类却不是我们平时的可数、不可数概念,如fish(鱼)、fruit(水果)等,这点需要特别的注意。 做笔记的方式:平时在学得一个新名词时,随时不忘随手在名词后标上注记,可数名词记为[C],不可数名词记为[U]。 many 和much 的差别: 这两个字虽然都是,很多的意思,但many 后面是接可数名词,而much 后面是接不可数名词,例:1.Do you have many books?(books 为可数名词复数,故前用many。) 2.Do you have much homework?(homework 为不可数名词,故前用much。) How many ...? 的用法: 我们平时说话时,总会说或听到这样的句子: 1.你有几本书?(或你有多少本书?) 2.他有几张卡片?(或他有多少张卡片?) 3.Mary 今天有几堂课?(或Mary 今天有多少堂课?) 上述三个例句最大的特色是,都有几???或多少???的问数量之词,都把它们译成英文看看,是不是也都有相似的字出现? 4.How many books do you have? 5.How many cards does he have? 6.How many classess does Mary have today? 若以一个表格的方式,将上述的句子做分类,你应该可以归纳出这样一个表: How many+可数复数名词+do/does+主词+have? 其实How many …? 的使用还不只于此,上述句型中的动词,并不只限于have,先看看底下的例子:7.How many candies do you eat every morning? 你每天早上吃多少糖果?) 8.How many letters does she write every day? 她每天写多少信?) 想想看:试试将底下的句子翻译成英文。 1.你每天看多少本书? 2.Tom每天晚上吃多少热狗? 3.他有多少朋友呢? 4.这群学生每天打几场篮球赛? 5.Amanda 每天读几科? How much ...? 的用法: 上述的句型,因为是用many 的关系,只限用于问多少可数名词时,若是要问不可数名词的数量时,则将many 为much 即可,例: 9.How much money do you get? (你拿到多少钱?)

being的用法小结

being的用法小结 句子中的being是不能随便去掉的,在句子中出现being的情况大致分为以下几种: 一,being用作现在分词用法。 (1)一种用作现在分词,是强调正在进行,尤其是在被动语态中的使用,这个时候,being只是一个描述进行时态的符号,如,The trees are being planted,这种用法比较简单,我们也很好分辨。 (2)用作现在分词的时候.being用于作定语中,一般和过去分词连用,放在被说明名词后,表示进行时被动意义:(1)The house being built will be our new laboratory. (2)any text being(作定语,和过去分词translated连用,放在被说明名词any text之后) translated can also be read aloud by GT(google translateor) voice engine。任何被翻译后的文字也都可以被google语音大声的读出来。 (3)being用于状语,一般有逗号,翻译时常加表示状语的词汇,如“由于……”、“……时”等:Being very tiny, ants cannot often be seen by us. (4)还有一种现在分词的用法,是用作独立分词结构,含蓄的表示各种状态:1.There are a large number of different shapes of files, each being made for some particular kind of work.(伴随情况)各种锉刀的形状大不相同,每一种都是为特殊的一类加工而制作的。 (5)being用于介词后“主谓”结构中,即“介词+名词或代词+being+…”。这时介词宾语是一种复合宾语。其中being为现在分词。例如: 1.The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with temperature being constant.在温度不变条件下,气体压力是和其体积成反比的。 二,being用作动名词时,“being+过去分词”作介词宾语或动词宾语的用法 1.Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar (has)the property of being dissolved by water.(介词宾语)水具有溶解糖的特性,糖则具有被水溶解的特性。

with用法归纳

with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具,手段等。例如: ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 (2)“和……在一起”,表示伴随。例如: ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗? ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 (3)“与……”。例如: I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 (4)“关于,对于”,表示一种关系或适应范围。例如: What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了? (5)“带有,具有”。例如: ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 (6)“在……方面”。例如: Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 (7)“随着,与……同时”。例如: With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话,他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形: 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语) 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况) 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

How 用法详解

How 用法详解 how的用法较活,含义丰富。现就how在句中的用法作一小结,以便同学们在学习中能更好地理解和掌握它。 1. 表示感叹。如: How cold it is today! 今天好冷啊! How hard they are working! 他们在多么辛勤地劳动啊! How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊! 2. 表示问候。如: How do you do?你好! How are you?你(身体)好吗? 3. 表示某种方式、手段或方法。如: How do you spell it?

你怎样拼写它? How did he go to school yesterday? 他昨天是怎样去上学的? How do you know about it? 你怎么知道这件事的? 4. 表示爱好、程度、看法等。如: How do you like the music? 你觉得这首乐曲如何? How is your Chinese? 你的汉语如何? How do you like China? 你认为中国怎么样? 5. 问天气。如: How is the weather in Beijing? 北京的天气怎么样?

How is the weather in winter? 冬天的气候怎样? 6. 问路。如: Excuse me, how can I get to the train station? 请问去火车站的路怎么走? 7. 问年龄。如: How old are you?你多大了? 8. 问数量。如: How many players are there in a team? 一个队有几名队员? How much bread is there on the table? 桌子上有多少面包? 9. 问价钱。如:

正确being的用法

认真将楼主的总结从头到尾看了一遍,总结起来,正确的being用法就是3种: 1、n.+be动词+being+done我们都知道being最典型的错误之一就是n.+being done,只要多加了一个be动词,这就成了合理的被动语态+进行时态,因此正确; 2、prep./固定接动名词的短语或动词+being,因为这是固定搭配,这里边就拿being当be动词的ing形式,自然很好理解; 3、n.+being done,实际上being done是being引导的短语作n.的后置定语。 我们知道,分词短语可以作后置定语,那么为什么不直接用doing做后置定语,而用being done呢?就是有的时候这个doing的动作和被修饰的n.之间是被动关系,所以用being done 来表示被动。 第9题即是如此:The computer software being designed for a project studying Native American access to higher education will not only meet the needs of that study, but also have the versatility and power to facilitate similar research endeavors. (D-P10-15) 这里的being done相当于是software的后置定语,但是design和software之间又不是主谓关系,而是动宾关系,需要用被动,所以就多加了一个being,将doing的后置定语改成了being done的形式 Over... 欢迎补充和指正! 我觉得三点当中,prep.+being和n+be动词+being+done. 做题目的时候,也发现几乎全是对的. (我做过的OG和prep笔记上,至少是这样的). 并且,我还总结了3点being必错的,也是看语法说看来的:(格式非常严格,要不然不能排除) 1. n+being+done(n 和being中间加上其他东西,就不一定了!!) 2. being+adj. (being后面不论是so adj,还是直接adj等等,必错!) 3. being+n. (也是直接排除,不用看being前面是什么) 4. there+being(这是there句型必错的4个之一. 其他3个好像是:there+be+n+done. / there+be+a/an+抽象名词/....还有一个忘记了,there be是表自然存在的,因此,there be 出现的选项很可能是错的,因为它不能表具体动作间的关系) 还有个就是,很多人说逗号后面直接加to do,选项错误率很高. 但是,根据做题经验,这是不一定的,要看清,前边的逗号是不是放了个插入语什么的. 总的来说,我觉得做语法题,最好的一个方法还是看逻辑意思. 小技巧只是用来加快速度,增强排除信息的. 祝大家考试都加油^-^....

with用法小结

with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来,我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了,我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”,或“带有,具有”,在…身上,在…身边之意

when-的用法

when 的用法 一、when 用作副词。 1. 用作疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句。(什么时候,何时 [at what time ])例如: ①When will you come to see me? ②When are they going to visit the Great Wall? 2. 用作连接副词,通常用来引导名词性从句[主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句]及起名词作用的“when +动词不定式”结构。(什么时候,何时 [at which; on which ])例如: ①When he comes is not known. [主语从句] ②The morning is when I am busiest. [表语从句] ④I don't know when the plane takes off. [宾语从句] ⑤I don't know when to leave for London. [宾语] 3. 用作关系副词,引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。(在…的时候 [at/on/in/during which])例如: ①Do you still remember the days when we stayed in America? ②The day will come soon when the Chinese astronauts will go to the moon. ③It happened ten years ago, when I was a child. ④We will go to the countryside at the beginning of June, when the summer harvest will start. 二 . when 用作连词。 1. 用作从属连词,意为“当……的时候[at the time when ]”,引导时间状语从句。例如: ①They learned a lot from the peasants when they stayed in the village. ②It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 【点津】如果 when 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词是“be +分词”或从句主语是 it ,则 be 动词及其主语常可省略。例如: ③When( he was )asked why he was late, he made no answer. ④I'll tell him about it when( it is )possible. 2. 用作从属连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。[immediately after]例如: ①We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. 老师一进教室我们就起立。 ②Fire the rockets when I give the signal. 3. 用作从属连词,意为“还没 / 刚刚/刚一……就”,引导时间状语从句。[immediately after]例如: ①I had hardly opened the door when he came in. 我刚一开门,他就进来了。 ②I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard someone call my name. 【点津】hardly…when和no sooner…than的结构要注意三点:意思为“一A就B“;A句通常用完成时态;hardly 和 no sooner 位于句首时要注意部分倒装。 4. 用作从属连词,意为“倘若,如果”,表示条件。例如: ①Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,就把电源关上。 ②He will be likely to recover when he is operated on. 5. 用作从属连词,意为“既然,尽管”,表示让步。例如: ①Why use metal when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料,为什么用金属? ②They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless. 尽管他们知道那件事没有希望,可是他们还在不断地努力。6. 用作并列连词,意为“在那时,届时;就在这时”,表示时间。这时主句中可以用过去进行时,过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth. ”结构。 ①Last night I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. ②I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. ③He had just finished the book when supper was served. 7. 用作并列连词,意为“虽然、然而、可是”,表示转折。例如: ①He usually walks to work when he might take a bus. 虽然他可 以坐公共汽车上班,但他却常常步行上班。 ②I had only twenty dollars when I needed thirty to buy the dictionary.我需要 30 美元买那本字典,可是我只有20美元。 8. 用作并列连词,意为“而、却”,表示对比。例如: How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not? 他怎能说一切都好呢?情况显然不是那样。 三 . when 用作代词[which time]。 when 作为代词常常位于介词之后,意为“那时,什么时候”。例如: ①Since when have you been studying Japanese? 【点津】since when 作引导词时是“介词(since)+关系代词(when)”的结构,when意为which time。since when常引导非限制性定语从句,从句应用完成时态。 ②I came here in 1949, since when I have been engaged in this work. 我1949年到这里,从那时起我就担任这项工作。 ③We came back on Tuesday, since when we have been working in the repair shop. ④We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 四、when 还可用作名词,前面常常用定冠词 the。 the when 表示事 件发生的时间,常常与 the where, the how 并列使用。 He told the police the when and the how of the accident. 他告 诉警察事故发生的时间及发生的原委。 [巩固练习] 1. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 2. Why do you want a new job _____ you've got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 4. We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. where D. when 5. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel 6. ______ got into the room _________ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 7. ---- Can I join your club, Dad? ---- You can when you _______ a bit older. A. get B. will got C. are getting D. will have got 8. I shall never forget those days ________ I lived in the countryside with the farmers, ________ had a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 9. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 10. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.

Being done的用法

Being done的用法 一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态(am/ is/ are being done)和过去进行时的被动语态(was/ were being done)。如: The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。 When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时,他正在接受医生的检查。 二、作后置定语,修饰某一名词,表示某一被动动作正在进行。如: The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。 上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子: The meeting which is being held now is of great importance. 注意:being done,to be done与done均可作后置定语,其区别为:being done表示正在发生的被动动作;to be done表示将要发生的被动动作;而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如: The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。 三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如: John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。 Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗? My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。 四、有时作主语或用在see,hear,feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如:Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。(作主语)He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。(作宾补)Having been done 和done用法的区别 1.done是过去分词,having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成+被动。”但作状语时,having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前;而done则不强调这层含义; Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy. (分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词)Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. (过去分词也表示被动,但没有强调动作先后的含义) 2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。 The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success. They are problems left over by history. 完成体的分词一般不作定语,若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如: 我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. 但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如:Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

how用法小结

how用法小结 一、wh词的特性 1、通常用于句首,后接BCD动词,回答不用Yes/No。 2、wh词后若接动词须用不定式形式what to do=how to do it 3、在宾语从句中,how/when/why/where其后不接BCD动词,用正常语序。 二、与how有关的句子 1) ---How are you?(你好吗?)---I’m fine/ well, thanks.(我很好,谢谢) 2) ---How do you do?(初次见面问候:你好!---How do you do?(你好!) 3) ---How’s it going? (近来如何?)---Great!/Pretty good./Not bad./Terrible!(很棒/不错/还行/糟透了) 4) ---How’s the weather there? =What’s the weather like there?(那儿的天气怎么样?) ---It’s sunny and warm.(阳光明媚,温暖如春) 5) ---How do you get to school?(你是怎么上学的?) ---I ride a bike to school.=I get to school by bike.(我骑车去的) 6)---How do you learn grammar? (你是怎样学习语法的?) ---By taking notes, doing exercises and reading aloud. (通过记笔记,做练习还有大声读。) 7) ---How about going swimming?(去游泳怎么样?)---Sounds great!/ That sounds boring.(棒极了/太无聊了)8)---How do you like the dress? =What do you think of the dress? (你觉得这条裙子怎么样?) ---It’s beautiful.(很漂亮。) 9) ---How old are you?(你多大了?)---I’m 13 years old.(我13岁了) 10) ---How much is the bag? =What’s the price of the bag?(这个包多少钱?)---It’s 15 dollars. (15美元) 11) ---How much milk do you want?(你想要多少牛奶?)---I want one bag of milk.(我想要一袋) 12) ---How many students are there in the classroom?(教室里有多少个学生?) ---There are 10 students. (有10个) 13) ---How long does it take you to get to school by bus?(到学校坐公交花费你多长时间?)(时间) ---It takes me 15 minutes .(花费15分钟) 14) ---How long is the desk? (桌子有多长) (长度) ---It’s 1.5 meters. (它1.5米) 15) ---How far is it from your home to school?(你家离学校多远?) ---It’s 2 kilometers./ It’s 5 minutes’ by bike./ It’s 5 minutes’ walk/ride/drive.(2公里。/骑车5分钟。) 16) ---How often do you exercise? (你多久锻炼一次?)---I exercise twice a week.(我一周锻炼两次) 17) ---How soon will your father come back?(你爸爸多久回来?)---In two days.(两天后) 18) How bad the weather it is!=What bad weather it is!(天气真糟糕!)

With复合结构的用法小结

With复合结构的用法小结 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例: 1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、With the meal over ,we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词+不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard,shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如:With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如:He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点说明: 1. with结构在句子中的位置:with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在

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