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不定式作后置定语的用法解析

不定式作后置定语的用法解析
不定式作后置定语的用法解析

不定式、动名词、过去分词 作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 (1)We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。 (1) He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.

4后置定语与定语从句

后置定语与定语从句 英语中的后置定语往往可以分为以下几类,形容词做后置定语,现在分词做后置定语,过去分词做后置定语,不定式作后置定语。而后置定语往往可以由定语从句演变而来,这种定语从句的关系词往往是关系代词在从句中充当主语。下面我们来逐一讨论: 1.现在分词作后置定语 ⑴Who is the girl dancing with your brother?(现在分词作后置定语, 表正在)可改写成定语从句Who is the girl that is dancing with your brother? The high building being built (=which is being built)there is meant for the old without children. It is expected to be finished in a year.(正在被建) ⑵Anyone touching the wire will get a shock.可以改成定语从句Anyone who touches the wire will get a shock. 2.过去分词做后置定语 The jewelry (which is) worn by the Indians was made of bones. The spaceship (which was) called Shenzhou Ⅴ, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. The Indians wearing (=who wore)jewelry (which was) made of bones greeted them warmly. 3.不定时作后置定语 表示未发生或即将发生的情况如 The project (which is)to be completed next month needs more people to help.(即将完成的) There are more pains (which are)to come.(要来的) Children who lived closest to the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Station were among the first to be tested.(the first,the last之后常用不定式作定语)

动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10). 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce

to-do-sth不定式用法

动词不定式 巧记动词不定式的用法 具体用法 一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。 例如:to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话 不定式省to有四种情况: 1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。 例如:Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。例如:You had better stay at home. 3、Why…/Why not…后。例如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 4、感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find,notice 等后作宾语补足语,省to。 例如:I saw him dance. 注意:这些情况在被动语态中,不可省to. 例如:The child labors were made to work the whole night. 二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 例如:The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. How to make requests politely is important. 2、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常用在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后,构成系表结构。说明主语的内容、性质、特征。例如:The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. She seem to be well-known. 3、用作宾语 ○1. 用作宾语的动词不定式,常用在动词ask, choose, agree,expect, hope, decide, learn,prefer, know,wish, want, would like / love等及物动词之后,构成动宾短语。 例如:We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.

不定式作定语

不定式作定语: 本节有关知识点与不定式作宾语、宾补不同,不需要记住那么多特殊动词的特殊用法。但它更强调理解。而且在实际应用过程中,本节容易出错的地方更多。这是学习者首先需要注意的。 要理解本节内容,就要注意分析不定式所修饰的名词与作定语的不定式关系 5.1宾语关系 5.1.1.四种表现形式: ?I have a letter to write.(动词宾语) ?He needs something to hope for(动词短语的宾语。hope for在意义上不可分割) ?I need a pen to write with。(不定式中介词宾语write with在意义上分割) 不能说write a pen,可以说write with a pen.其实是介词及其宾语在逻辑上一块作方式状语,来修饰不定式to write. 再如:I have no language partner to practice speaking English with.句子的本意不是说language partner自己practice speaking English,而是我practice speaking English,需要有language partner伴随。因此句后加了一个with,与language partner一块作逻辑意义上的伴随状语,修饰practice speaking English。 ?I need some paper to write on.(不定式中介词宾语write on在意义上分割) 分析类似上,其实是介词及其宾语在逻辑上一块作地点状语,来修饰不定式to write. 再来分析为什么下例为何错误: She has some children to take care of them. 动词词组To take care of与children已经构成了逻辑上的动宾关系,与前面的例句“I have a letter to write.”意义相同,还要them干嘛? 综上所述,不定式作定语时,要时刻注意不定式与所修饰的名词的逻辑语义关系,时刻注意不定式动词后面是否需要加介词。 在书面语当中,带介词的动词不定式短语在句中作定语时往往可用“介词+关系代词(which或whom)+动词不定式”来代替。这种替代只适用于“不及物动词+介词”和“及物动词+宾语+介词”的结构。若不定式短语为固定的及物短语动词,则不能用“介词+关系代词(which或whom)+动词不定式”来代替。这一结构中的不定式的逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,或者是泛指的。若仔细分析句子中各成分之间的逻辑意义会发现这种“介词+关系代词(which或whom)+动词不定式”的不定式通常不能是被动形式。 He is the best man to consult the matter with. = He is the best man with whom to consult the matter. He needs a decent suit to go to the party in. = He needs a decent suit in which to go to the party. 而She has a lot of things to take care of 不等于She has a lot of things of which to take care . “She has a lot of things of which to take care”是一个错句。 如果不定式的不及物形式修饰time, place, way,moment等词时,可以省略掉不定式中不及物动词后面的介词:He has no place to live. 5.1.2.不定式作定语时的语态问题 ①I have a letter to write . 逻辑语义:“I”“write”“a letter”,to write用主动。当然也可以用被动。那么“写”的就不是“我”了。 ②He needs something to hope for。

(完整版)后置定语语法总结

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。在初中阶段我们常见的几种后置定语如下: 一、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语 当被修饰词为复合不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything; somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时,修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。 (1) Do you have anything else to say about it? 关于这件事,你还有什么要说的吗? (2) I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。 (3) Someone important will give the students a lecture on how to learn English well. 今天下午,一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关如何学好英语的报告。 二、形容词作疑问词的后置定语 修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时,修饰语要后置。 (1) What important would you like to talk about? 你想谈论什么重要的事情? (2) What else would you like to eat?你还想吃什么? (3) Where new have they decided to visit? 他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观? 三、 enough作后置定语 enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前,也可以在名词后。 (1) We have not enough time (time enough) to do the job. 我们没有足够的时间做该工作。 (2) They have enough people(people enough)to do the experiment. 他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。 但enough(adv.)修饰形容词或副词时,须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如:good enough (足够好的),big enough(够大的),fast enough(够快),carefully enough(足够仔细)。 四、介词短语作后置定语 the map on the wall 墙上的地图 the bird in the tree 树上的那只小鸟 the development of China 中国的发展 the way to the school 去学校的路

Part Ⅱ Using language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语

Part ⅡUsing language——动词不定式作定语和结果状语【思维导图】 一、基本特征感悟 【感悟用法】 ①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. ②He studied hard only to fail. 【自我总结】 句①中的to play是不定式,作game的定语。句②中的to fail 是不定式,作结果状语。 二、主要用法精讲 1.动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。 There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。 The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。 (2)如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。 When you move somewhere new,the first thing for you is to find a place to live in.当你搬到一个新的地方时,首先要找一个住处。 2.动词不定式作结果状语 (1)动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.

初中动词不定式用法及练习

动词不定式用法及练习 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分(主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语);动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时还保持动词的某些特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 构成:to do .否定式not to do 常见时态:一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语:现实中常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动词不定式(或短语)后置。 比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等)作表语时,不定式之前常加一个引起的短语,说明不定式指的是谁的情况。(可以理解为某人的好,坏,聪明,愚蠢,对,错等等) It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\are +adj. +to do…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语,即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 2、作句子的表语:不定式放在be 动词后面,用作表语如: Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot. The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语:不定式放在及物动词后,用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词(及物)很多,常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend, I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well. The workers demanded to get better pay. I hope to hear from you soon. John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show. They are trying to solve the problem by himself. Millions of people have learned to use computers.

不定式做宾补与后置定语的区别

动词不定式作宾补 动词不定式既有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等:动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语) 一、许多动词可跟一个“宾语+ to do…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do…”。例如: My boss told me to type out two letters. 分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 They forbade her to leave the country. Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。 二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be…”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I consider him to be the best candidate. 分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home. 高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。 三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如: He saw her enter the room. 分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。 She won't let me do it. I heard her lock the door. We watched the children play games. 高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do…”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at. 注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如: A child was seen to enter the building. She was often heard to sing this song. 四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如: I'll help you(to) push the cart. 分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。

动词不定式作后置定语

Lesson 15 Danny grows grain! Learning aims: 1. Read the words: agriculture, grain, flour, in the sun 2. Language notes: ① I have a lot of to write about today. ② Now something new is growing at the top of the stem. ③ Later, the head will turn into wheat seeds. Learning important and difficult points: 1. 动词不定式作后置定语 I have nothing to say. 2. 不定代词作主语要用第三人称单数 3. turn…into /change into turn into/change into Learning method: Listen, say, read and write. Learn text. Read the diary. And find out the useful expression: 1. My teacher told me that it’s the wheat’s flower. 当询问过去时时,从句用过去范围内相应的时态,但陈述的是真理、事实时,用一般现在时。 2. Its seeds are called grain. be + done Learning steps: Step 1. Reading Read the diary. Step 2. Do exercises Step 3. Homework Recite the diary. Lesson 16 Unit Review

动词不定式作定语.doc

不定式作定语,一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。 一、不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 1.主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如: We need someone to help with the work.(someone will help with the work)我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。 2.动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如: I have many letters to write.(to write many letters)我有许多信要写。 3.同位关系 不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如: We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。 4.状语关系 被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如: That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。 I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。 二、不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加 上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如: I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。 I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time , place 或 way 时,不定式后的介词一般要省去。如: He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱也没有地方住。 三、当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含 义有所不同。试对比:

动名词动词不定式分词作定语区别

动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。 答:非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下: 一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语 在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语 1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is the boy running towards us。 3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:

不定式作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法 Company Document number:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的(1)Wemustfindapersontodothework. (2)Thereisnoonetotakecareofher. (3)Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup. (4)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave. (5)Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor. 2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。(1)Hehasalotofbookstoread.(2)Iwouldlikeamagazinetolookat. (3)Hereissomeadviceforyoutofollow.(4)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay? (5)Thereisnoonetotakecareof.(6)Shehasnothingtoworryabout. 3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。(1)Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon. (2)Let"sfindaroomtoputthesethingsin(3)Ihavenohousetolivein. (4)Hehasnopentowritewith.(5)Therearefivepairstochoosefrom. 4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词。(1)Ihavenotimetogotothemovie. (2)There"snoneedtosendforadoctor.(3)Where"sthebestplacetomeet? (4)Isthatthewaytodoit(5)I"mnotsureabouthisabilitytocompletethetaskalone. 现在分词作定语状语的用法 现在分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。现在分词用定语时相当于一个定语从句;作状语表示时间、原因、条件等时相当于一个状语从句。然而,我们在使用现在分词时应注意两方面的问题。 一、作定语 现在分词短语作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,现在分词短语作后置定语时,应注意下列三点: 1.现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作是一先一后发生而不是同时发生时,不能用现在分词作定语,应使用定语从句表示。如:

To作介词与作动词不定式的区别

T o作介词与作动词不定式的区别虽然介词to与动词不定式符号to在形式上相同,但用法不同。为了使同学们更好地掌握介词to与动词不定式符号to的用法,现将其主要区别归纳如下: 一、介词to 首先,介词to是有意义的,经常表示“向”、“往”、“直到……为止”、“给”、“对于”、“按”、“比”,既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果,又可以指程度、直接或间接关系,后面必须接名词、代词或数词,构成介词短语,它的短语不能在句子中作相当名词的成分。第二,它们的形式不同,介词是在名词或动词之后。第三,在所作的成分上,介词题通常作表语、宾语补足语、状语或后置定语。例如: 1. As far as I know, Mrs Lee has been to New York.据我所知,李女士到过纽约。(作表语) 2. The shed is to the side of the house .小棚屋在房子的一边。(作表语) 3. It's no good leaving things to the last moment. 把事情留到最后时刻来做是没有好处的。(作宾语补足语) 4. Let's drink to her birthday. 让我们为她的生日干杯。(作目的状语) 5. He was taken to hospital for treatment他被送到医院治疗。(作地点状语)

6. Land to the east of the Urals is called Asia.乌拉尔山以东的陆地称为亚洲。(作后置定语) 二、动词不定式to 首先,动词不定式符号to无词义。第二,它的形式是后面必须接动词原形,构成不定式短语,第三,在所作的成分上不定式to do通常作主语、表语、状语、宾语、宾语补足语或后置定语。例如: 1. To see is to believe.眼见为实。(to see作主语) 2. My aim is to speak English fluently.我的目标是讲好英语。(作表语) 3. It is never too late to learn.学习从来不迟。(作结果状语) 4. She went home to look after her little sister. 她回家为了照顾她的小妹妹。(作目的状语) 5. I decided to go home. 我希望回家。(作宾语) 6. I asked him to clean the classroom. 我叫他打扫教室。(作宾语补足语) 7. He has many things to do.他有好多事要做。(作后置定语) 三、to常作介词的一些短语 pay attention to, stick to, lead to, be used to, devote...to, get down to, belong to, come to, look forward to, refer to, turn to, drink to, object to,

最新动词不定式作定语

浅谈动词不定式作定语 不定式作定语,一般都是作后置定语,修饰前面的名词或代词。 一、不定式与所修饰词之间的关系 1.主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如: We need someone to help with the work. (someone will help with the work)我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。 2.动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如: I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)我有许多信要写。 3.同位关系 不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如: We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。 4.状语关系 被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如: That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。 I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。 二、不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如: I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。 I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。

There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词一般要省去。如: He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。 三、当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比: There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(有"无聊感") There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即"束手无策"了) There is nothing to see. 没有东西值得看。 There is nothing to be seen. 什么东西也看不见。 一、不定式作定语 1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如: The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. Here is some paper for you to write on. 但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in). 2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较: Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?

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