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小学英语句子基本结构总结

小学英语句子基本结构总结
小学英语句子基本结构总结

小学英语句子基本结构汇总

本章主要讲解两个方面:(1)句子的成分和基本句型;(2)句子的种类。

一、句子的成分和基本句型

1.句子的成分

主语+谓语=主题成分

表语+宾语(直接/间接宾语)+宾语补足语+定语+状语 =次要部分

①主语subject

主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。

We study in NO. 1 Middle School.

(we是主语,我们在一中上学。)

The classroomis very clean.

(The classroom 是主语,这个教室很干净。)

Three students were absent.

(Three students是主语,三个学生缺席。)

To teach them English is my job.

(To teach themEnglish是主语,教他们英语是我的工作)

Itis my job to teach them English.

(此句为特殊句式,it作形式主语,真正的主语是to teach them English)

②谓语predicate?说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致,它在主语后面。

–His parents are doctors.他的父母是医生。

–She lookswell.她看起来不错。

–We study hard.我们学习很刻苦。

–We have finishedreadingthebook.我们已经读完

了这本书。

–He can speak English.他可以说英语。

③表语predicative

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。

You look younger than before.你看起来比以前更年轻了。

I am a teacher.我是个老师。

Every body is here。所有的人都在这。

They are at home now.他们现在在家。

Myjob is to teach them English.我的工作是教他们英语。

④宾语object?宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

She is playing the pianonow.她现在正在弹钢琴。

He often helps me.他经常帮助我。

He likes to sleep in the open air.他喜欢在室外睡觉。

We enjoy living in China.我们喜欢在中国生活。

⑤宾语补足语object complement

宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明,这个词或短语叫做宾宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语”它可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词或动词不定式等。

“宾语+宾语补足语”=复合宾语

?Leave the door open. (open是door的宾补)让门开着。

?We foundLi Ming out when we arrived. (副词out,是李明的宾补)当我们到达的时候发现李明出去了。

?Make yourself athome.(at home副词短语做yoursel f的宾补)别拘束,随便。就像在自己家一样。

?I sawastranger enter thebuilding. (enterthe

building做a stranger的宾补)我看见一个陌生人进入了大楼。

?The boss keptthem working all day. (working all day做them的宾补)老板让他们一整天都在工作。

?Yesterday he gothislegbroken. (broken做hisleg的宾补)昨天他的腿受伤了。

⑥状语adverbial ?状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义,一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

He did it carefully.他认真的做这件事。

Without his help,we couldn’t work it out.没有他的帮助,我们不能完成这件事。

(In order) to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.为了赶上我的同班同学,我必须努力学习。

⑦定语attributive

定语用来修饰名词或代词,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语,不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。。

The black bike is mine.

(形容词black修饰名词bike)这个黑色的自行车是我的。

What is your name?

(形容词性物主代词your修饰名词name)你叫什么名字?

They made paper flowers.

(名词paper修饰名词flowers)他们制备纸花。

The boys in the room arein ClassThree Grade One. (介词短语intheroom修饰名词boys)这个房间里的男孩们在一年级三班。

I have something to do.

(动词不定式to do修饰名词something)我有一些事要做。

基本句型

①第1种句型S+V(主语+谓语)?主语+谓语(不及物动词)

?Class begins. (class主语,动词begins做谓语)

?We begin ourclass at 8.(we做主语,begin做谓语)

②第2种句型S+V+O主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语

?My father readthebook.

(my father做主语,read做谓语,the book做宾语)我爸爸读书。

?She likes English.

(She做主语,likes 做谓语,English做宾语)

?I know him very well.

(I做主语,know做谓语,him做宾语)我很了解他

?He stopped writing. (he做主语,stopped做谓语,writing做宾语)

?Youmust listen to me.(you做主语,must listen to做谓语,me做宾语)你必须听我的。

③第3种句型S+V+P?主语+系动词+表语

?He became a scientist.

(He做主语,became做系动词,名词短语a scientist做表语)。他成为了一个科学家。

?They are honest.

(They做主语,are是系动词,形容词honest是表语)他们是忠诚的。

They are at home now.

(They是主语,are是系动词,介词短语at home是表语)他们现在在

家。

My job isto teach them English.(My job是主语,is是系动词,动词不定式to teach them English是表语) 我的工作是教他们英语。

在句子中经常作为系动词的动词有

keep look smell soundtaste feel

grow get go turn

④第4种句型S+V+IO+DO ?主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象

间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的

双宾语 :直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标)

Hegave Tom a present. (he是主语,gave是谓语,Tom 是间接宾语,a present是直接宾语)

Give it to me.(give是谓语,it是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)

必背:p.7

间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(“给”)或for (给、“替” 、“为” )?直接宾语和间接宾语的使用?间+直?当直接宾语是人称代词时,为了强调间接宾语,直+间

我把它递给我妈妈。

?I passed it to my mother. (it是直接宾语,mymother是间接宾语)

她把它们扔给我。

?She threw them to me. (them是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)

我为他找到多余的书/票。

?I foundspare books/tickets for him. (spare books是直接宾语,him是间接宾语)

“疑问词+不定式”作直接宾语

他教我如何读这个单词。

?He taughtme how toread the word.(me是间接宾语,how to read the word是直接宾语)

我告诉他做什么。

?I told him what to do.(him是间接宾语,what to do是直接宾语)

他问我为什么唱这支歌。

?He asked me why to sing this song.(me是间接宾语,why to s ing this song 是直接宾语)

她问我走哪条路。

?She asked me whichway to go.(me 是间接宾语,whichway to go 是直接宾语)

⑤第5种句型S+V+O+OC?主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语?ca ll,name,make,think,and,leave

他们使她幸福。

?They made her happy.(They 是主语,made是谓语,her是宾语,happy是宾补)

我们叫她康妮。

?Wecallher Connie.(we是主语,call是谓语,her是宾语,Connie是宾补)

我觉得这部电影很有意思。

?I found the movie interesting.(I是主语,found是谓语,themovie是宾语,interesting是宾补)

他让这个窗户开着。

?He left the window open.(He是主语,left是谓语,the Window是宾语,open是宾补)

我看见她跳舞了。

?I saw her dance.(I是主语,saw是谓语,her是宾语,dance是宾补)

⑥第4种句型和第5种句型?(双宾语和复合宾语)的比较

■第4种句型变为被动语态,有两种情况:

?We sent them a telegram.我们给他们发了个电报。

→They were sent a telegram.

→A telegram was sent to them.

■第5种句型变为被动语态时,只有一种句式。

?I will make you king.

→Youwill bemade king.

?He gave me a book.

?He callsme Tom.

宾语+宾语补足语可以形成逻辑上的主谓关系,即“我是汤姆;

间接宾语和直接宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即不能想像为“我是一本书”。

1 用所给的单词组成句子

1.to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the

Iwant to takethe heavy box to the room.

2.look, things, the, after, boys,their,must

The boysmustlook after theirthings.

3.here, all,are, you

You are all here.

4.today, who, duty, is, on

Who is onduty today?

5.Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese

Miss Wang taughtthem Japanese 3 years ago.

6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the

Thereis much rice in the bag.

?2根据中文提示,完成下列句子

1.Have you ever been to(最远的小岛)?

2.We must (保持清洁) ourclassroom.

3.They and (每两小时,必须坐下休息)two hours.

4.After work he always (感到有点儿累).

5.There is (有点儿毛病) with Linda's cat's eyes.

6.I can see (没有异常之物) in the tree.

7.Mr. Fang is (去……访问) his aunt.

二、句子的种类

1、陈述句?凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达一种心情的句子?有肯

定式和否定式。句末用句号“.”,通常用降调

②否定结构应注意事项

A、使用not的部分否定

如果使用了very,always以及all,both,every及every的复合词?I don’t playfootballwell.

?Idon’t play footballverywell.

?It isn’t alwayshot here in summer.

B、not的其他否定表示

a not…atall一点也不

我一点儿也不累。

?I’m not tired at all.

我一点儿也不喜欢它。

?I don’t like it at all.

b not…any more, not…any longer再也不……

我再也不在这儿住了。

?I don’t live here anylonger.

我再也不能多吃了。

?I can not eat any more.=I can eat no more.

2、祈使句?表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或句号,用降调。

1含有第二人称主语的祈使句

A、肯定式:动词原形+…(省主语)

?Stand up.

?Be quiet, please.

?Do study hard.

?Li Ming, come here.

?Come here, Li Ming

②含有第一、三人称主语的祈使句

A、肯定的祈使句

Let+第一人称(me,us)+……

Let+第三人称代词(him/her/it/them)或名词+……

咱们马上动身吧。

?Let’s goat once.

?Let’s go, shall/shan’t we?.

?Let us go,will/won’tyou?

Yes, let’s/No, let’s not.

?Let me try again.

?Let Tom gothere himself.

B、否定的祈使句

Let’s (us, me)+not+动词原形+……

Don’tlet+第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形

?Let’s notsay anything about it.

?Don’t let them play with fire.

Let themnot play with fire.

3、感叹句?表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“!”。用降调。

①what引导的感叹句:What+名词(或形容词+名词)+陈述句(主语+谓语)!

(他是个)多么诚实的人啊!

?What an honest man he is!

(这些是)多么大的苹果啊!

?What big apples these are!

多么好的天气啊!

?What fine weather it is!

2 how引导的感叹句:How+形容词或副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)+……!

今天天气多热阿!

How hot itis today!

那凤筝飞得多么高啊!

How high the kite is flying!

他跑的多快啊!

How fast he runs!

多么诚实的人啊!

How honest the man is!

我多想当个老师阿1

How I want to bea teacher!

1按要求改写下列句子

1.There is some milk in thebottle.(改为否定句)

1. There isn't any milk in the bottle.

2.Take thechair to the door.(改为否定句)

2. Don't take the chairto the door.

3.He did the housework yesterday.(改为否定句)

3. He didn't do thehousework yesterday.

4.The ship isbig.(改为感叹句)

4. How big the shipis!/What a big ship it is!

5.Hedoes well in maths.(改为否定句)

5. He doesn't do well in maths.

6.They can put the bag in the box.(改为否定句)

6. They cannot put the bag in the box.

7.Give him a bottle of milk.(改为否定句)

7. Don't give him a bottle of milk.

8.He had done with the goodsbefore he went away.(改为否定句)

8. He hadn't done with thegoods before he went away.

9.These people are very brave.(改为感叹句)

9. How brave these people are!/What brave people they are!

10.Tom has strong arms.(改为What引导的感叹句)

10. What strong armsTom has!

11.This film is very good.(改为How引导的感叹句)

11. How good the film is!

12.I want to be a doctor.(改为感叹句)

12. How I want to be a doctor!

13.There was something wrong with the radio.(改为否定句)

13.Therewasnothing wrong with the radio.

or: There wasn't anything wrong with the radio.

14.Youmust be kind tothe otherpeople.(改为祈使句)

14.Be kind to theotherpeople!/Do bekindtothe other people!

15.You mustn't eat lunchnow.(改为祈使句)

15. Don't eat lunchnow!

16.Shallwe play tennis after school?(改为祈使句)

16. Let's play tennis after school.

17.How coldit is today!(改为肯定陈述句)

17. It is very cold today.

18.I think he will come.(改为否定句)

18. I don't think he will come.

19.He works very hard.(改为HOW引导的感叹句)

19. How hard he works!

20.Let's go to see them.(改为否定句)

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