非谓语动词最完整版
非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
二、非谓语形式的三种形式及基本用法：
1动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来
2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行
3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成
非谓语动词（一）---- 动词不定式
一、不定式（to do）
不定式由“to动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to■动词原形”不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
不定式运用口诀：
本领最多不定式，主，表，宾，补，定和状，样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，做主宾时用“it”自己在后把身藏，七个感官三使役，宾补要
把to甩开，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb，to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
1. I am sorry to _______ you so much trouble. （2008 江苏）
A. have give n
B. have bee n give n
C. give
D. givi ng
答案：A
简析：be sorry to have done sth意为已经干了某事而遗憾” to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示先于谓语动词的动作。B,被动形式，不合题意。
变式训练：
A. have written
B. have been written
C. write
D. writing (A)
2. The promisi ng young man is said to ____ two no vels.
2. 不定式的句法功能
1)作主语：( 谓语动词一般用单数 )
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 练习：
1. ____ ( die ) for people is a glorious thing.
2. ____ ( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.
3. ____ ( see ) is to believe.
4. ____________________ (beat) in the home match was a disgrace to them..
5. 在一个小时之内记住所有这些单词是不容易的。 (翻译成英文)
6.It is important _______ to turn off the light when you leave the room.
A. remember B . to remember C. of remembering D. remembering
不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.
It's for sb.和It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of 的区别。
1) for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,
hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：
例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2) of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。
例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for 还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for 或of 后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句
子。如果通顺用of,不通则用for。
例如：
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (非所表达的意思,不通,因此用for 。)
1.It is great honor _______ present at this meeting.
A. for us to be
B. for us to
C. of us to be
D. for your being
2. It 's kind ________ so much of us.
A. for you to think
B. for you thinking
C. of you to think
D. of you thinking
3. It 's clever _________ to make a mistake and correct it in no time.
A．for her B．of her C．by her D．by herself 2)作表语：
1. Her daughter 'swish is to become a singer.
2. She seems to go with us.
3. The boy seems to have been beaten.
4. Her job is to clean the hall.
练习：
1. Her work is _____ ( look )after the children.
2. My aim is ____ ( go ) to TsinghuaUniversity.
3. She seemed ____ ( think ) about theproblem.
4. He appeared ___________________ (wait) for a long time.
5. The box seems _______________ (move).
6. Whether China can launch Shen zhou 忸successfully rema ins ______
A.to see
B.seeing
C.to be seen
D.being seen
7. What I would suggest is ______ the job right away.
A. to start
B. starts
C. of staring
D. for staring
3)作宾语：常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：
afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴望mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend undertake expect hate intend
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置,
放在宾语补足语后面，如：
Eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
练习：
1. They wanted ___ ( get ) on the bus, didn 't they?
2. He said he wished ____ (be )a professor.
3.I agreed _____ (go ) there with the doctor.
4. They asked ________ (send) to work here.
5. He promised _____________ (wait) at the door when she came out.
6. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ___ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
8. —I didn 't hear you come in last night.
—That's good. We tired ______ noisy.
A. not to
B. to be not
C. to be
D. not to be
9.It 's a new dictionary, he seems ________ this book the other day.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. to have bought
D. to have been bought
（但是要注意，高中阶段有些短语中的to是介词to，现把介词to的短语归纳如下）
be related to和…有联系….
His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood.
be addicted to沉溺于…对…上瘾.
She is addictaded to drugs.
be opposed to 反对
She is strongly opposed to their plan.
devote oneself to 献身于…
She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.
be devoted to 献身于，忠诚于,爱…
She is devoted to here husband.
be admitted to 被…录取, 准进入
Li Ming is admitted to Beijing University.
Children under 18 are not admitted to the film.
be attached to附属于，爱慕，爱恋，敬仰
The middle school is attached toQing hua University 。这是清华附中。
be adjusted to 适应
She was soon adjusted to his way of life
adjust to 适应
She soon adjusted to his way of life.
adsjust onself to 使…适应
She soon adjusted herself to his way of life
be adapted to 适应
He is quickly adapted to a new circumstances. 他很快适应新环境。
adapt oneself to 适应
He is quick to adapt himself to a new circumstances 他很快适应新环境。
be known to 为…所知
As is known to all，paper was first made in China.
be married to 和…结婚
Tom has been married to Mary for 10 years.
be sentenced to 被判处
He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. 他被判处10 年监禁.。
be conn ected to禾和…连在一起
I was connected to the wrong person. 我的电话接错了人。
be exposed to暴露于/遭受/接触…
The bicycle was exposed to the rain and wind.
I've been exposed to English for 20years. 我学英语已经20 年了。
be compared to 被比喻成
Teachers are often compared to candles. 教师常被比喻成蜡烛。
compare…to…把… 比成
People often compare children to flowers. 。人们常把孩子们比喻成花朵。be/become /get accustomed to 惯于，有….习惯.
You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你很快就会适应这项工作。
be en gaged to禾和…订婚
Jack is engaged to Linda. 捷克和林达订婚了。
get down to 着手做
Let' s get dow n to bus in ess .我们言归正传。
lead to 导致
All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。
object to 反对
He objects to beeing treated like a child. 他讨厌被当成小孩看待。
put one' s mind to 全神贯注于
You should put your mind to studies. 你应专心学习。
give rise to 引起
The dirty enviroment gave rise to diseases. 那肮脏的环境引起了各种疾病。look forward to 盼望
I ' m looking forwad to seeing you. 我盼望与你见面。
pay attention to 注意
Please pay attention to your pronunciotion. 请注意你的发音。
stick to 坚持
He always sticks to his promise. 他总是遵守诺言。
attend to 处理,照料
Attend carefully to what she is saying. 注意听她说话。
see to 负责
Will you see to the plants while I ' m away. 我不在时请您帮我照料这些植物。
con tribute to对…做贡献
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the surburbs. 建造高速公路有助于郊区发展。
make contributions to 对…做贡献
He has made great contributions to a space deveiopment programme. 他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。
apply oneself to 致力于
He applied himself to the study of genes. 他致力于基因研究。
come close to 几乎,将近
He came close to being killed in the accident. 他差一点在事故中丧生。
reply to 回答
She never replied to my letter. 他从不回复我的信。
add to 增加
The news added to his an xiety.这消息增加了他的忧虑。
add up to 加起来
These figures add up to fifty. 这些数字总计为50。
in addition to 除…之外（还）
He speak s Frensh in addition to English. 他除了讲英语之外还会说法。
turn to 转向,求助于
He has turned to keep ing sheep.他已转行养羊。
feel up to 能胜任
He doesn' t think he feels up to the job. 他认为他不胜任这项工作。
look up to 向上看，尊敬…
We should look up to our parents. 我们应该尊敬父母。
admit to 承认
He admmited to having broken the glass.. 他承认打烂了玻璃。
belong to 属于
The computer belongs to me. 这台电脑时我的。
take to 喜爱,开始
I took to her at once 我立刻喜欢上了她。
She has taken to drinking recently. 他最近喜欢喝酒。
cling to 附着/坚持
The little boy clung to his mother ' s skirt in fear 那男孩害怕得紧紧抓住他母亲的裙子。
fall to 开始
After supper we fell to discussing politics. 。晚饭后我们开始讨论政治。
respond to 回答
He didn ' t respond to my question.他没有回答我的问题。
accustom oneself to 使习惯于
Children are quick to accustom themselves tonew surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。
get to 到达某地
When did you get Shanghai? 你和时到的上海?
set an example to给…树立榜样
Lei Feng set a good example to us.
雷锋为我们树立了好榜样。
refer to 谈到,参考,查阅
If you have any question please refer to the guidebook. 如果你有问题请参阅旅游指南。
take /make a trip to 到… .地方去
I ' ll make a trip to the seaside tomorrow. 明天我要到海边去。
join…to…把…和…连接起来
The railway has joined Beijing to Zhuhai. 这条铁路把北京和珠海连接起来了
do a kindness to 帮助某人
He did me ma ny kindn esses .他帮过我很多忙。
turn a blind eye to 对…视而不见
Don ' t turn a blind eye to that. 不要对那事视而不见。
turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻
He turned a deaf ear to my advice. 他对我的建议充耳不闻。point to 指向
He pointed to the door. 他用手指着门.(让人出去)。
show honour to向…表示敬意
We all showed honour to the hero. 我们都向那位英雄表示敬意。
put an end to 结束
They should put an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。bring an end to 结束They should bring an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。drink(a toast)to 为…
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非谓语动词之动词ing的使用形式练习
非谓语动词之动词ing 1．A new law will go into effect on August 1st.According to this law，people found ______“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be punished strictly. A．putting up B．to put up C．being putting up D．having put up 2．Time should be made good use of ______ our lessons well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learnt 3．With trees and grass ______ 39.6%of the urban area，the city of Weifang has taken on a new look. A．covered B．covering C．to be covered D．being covered 4．______ alone in the large house，the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. A．To leave B．Leaving C．Left D．Being left 5．The firm was successfully run and ______，he owed his success to the support of his friends. A．looking back B．looked back C．to look back D．when looked back 6．Taiwan leader Ma Ying-jeou estimated on Friday that more than 500 people had died in floods a nd mudslides ______ by Typhoon Morakot. A．caus ed B．causing C．being caused D．to be caused 7．The scientist was rewarded by the government for ______ such a great contribution to the country. A．make B．making C．being made D．having made 8．Nearly half a million people are believed ______ their homes as a result of the disaster. A．to leave B．to be left C．to be leaving D．to have left 9．—Why are you looking pleased? —Oh，I’ve just had a job______. A．to offer B．offering C．offered D．to be offered 10．After the party，most guests left，with only two of them ______ in the host family，______ him cleaning up. A．remaining；helped B．remaining；helping C．remained；helped D．remained；helpi ng 11．For English teachers ______ a more effective role in teaching，they must make every effort to raise students’ cross-cultural awareness. A．to play B．playing C．having played D．play 12．Something as simple as _____ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. A．to eat B．eating C．to be eating D．eaten 13．When I went in，my pet happened ______ on my bed，______TV. A．to be lying；watching B．to have lain；watch C．to lie；and watched D．to be laying；watching 14．Friends are like leaves，______ everywhere，but true friends are like diamonds，precious and rare. A．to find B．finding C．found D．being found 15．_____at my classmates’faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes. A．Looking B．Look C．To look D．Looked 16．The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen 17．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path ______ up to the house. A．leading B．leads C．led D．to lead 18．Recently a sur vey_____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated deba te among citizens. A．compared B．compari ng C．compares D．being compared 19．Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some______ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 20．Sit down，Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，______ on your feet. A．to keep B．keeping C．hav ing kept D．to have kept 21．Do you wake up every morning ______ energetic and ready to start a new day? A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 22．More highways have been built in China，______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A．making B．made C．to make D．having made 23．On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. A．says B．said C．saying D．to say 24．Sarah pretended to be cheerful，______ nothing about the argument.
专题五非谓语动词(全国卷)
专题五非谓语动词（全国卷） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子 单句语法填空 1．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. 2．(2019·全国Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3．(2019·全国II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. 4．(2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business. 5．(2019·全国II)When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 6．(2019·全国III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 7．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long __________(see) the benefit. 8．(2018·全国Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________(die) early by running. 9．(2018·全国II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________(improve) water quality. 10．(2018·全国II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. 11．(2018·全国III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge). 12．(2018·全国III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch. 13．(2017·全国Ⅰ)They are required __________(process) the food that we eat. 14．(2017·全国Ⅰ)By __________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than
(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 I非谓语动词有哪些不冋的形式？— 不定式除一般式.完成式以外还有一进行式 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末」it作形式主语放在句首。 1）Smok ing is prohibited 禁止）here. 2）It is not very good for you to smoke so much. -See ing is believ ing. *-To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。 { no use/good 1 not stoy t, - 0 +Sill.
of little usc/good useless
宾语： 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ... man age, promise, prete nd, pla n, ofer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, he帮助）,want（想要）,refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ... practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, sta nd, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get dow n to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in … 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别（但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为）。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 go on （stop/remember/regret）to do/do ing can' t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do （打算）/ doing （意味）be used to do / doing （get used to doing）（used to do） 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动定语： 不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Develop ing coun tries/ developed coun tries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, i nten d,expect, en courage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, caus等0 Think, consider, believe, suppose, fee等后常用“ to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People con sidered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足 语。常见的使役动词有 make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, fee以及look at, listen to 等。
翻译练习2非谓语动词(完整版)
翻译练习2 非谓语动词 1.It is necessary_____________________________________(我们赶上) the world’s advanced levels. 2.His remarks left me ___________________________________________(想知道 他的真实目的) 3._____________________________________________________(在高速公路上 抛锚), his car was carried away by the police. 4.She felt nervous with ___________________________________________________. (众多的目光聚集在她身上) 5.When I __________________________________________,(发现他骗我) I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. 6.He raised his voice in order to _________________________________________________. (为了让观众能听到) 7._______________________________________________(在市区超速) violates traffic regulations. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b5305528.html,st week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, _________________________________________________.(尽情地唱歌跳舞) 9.It’s no good _____________________________________________________. (试图说服他不干那件事情) 10. ____________________________________________(一切准备就绪)，they began to make a new experiment.
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下： 1.动词不定式(Infinitives)： 2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles): 3. 动名词(gerunds) 下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。 1.非谓语动词做主语和表语 主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。 1）非谓语动词做主语 一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比较多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。 例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job. Swimming is a good kind of exercise. To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire. 在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。 例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。 在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。 例如：My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。 例如：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.