研究生英语阅读教程课文参考译文(L7)

第七课 A

不快活的长寿

丽莎盖博瑞尔

（1）上周有人给了我一份关于老年妇女与长寿的研究报告。报告称他们发现患有明显的、轻度抑郁症的妇女寿命会更长一些。我想这个结论太让人吃惊了，然后就把报告团成一团扔在脑后了。以前还有人说过“金钱可以缓解紧张情绪”，说谎的人能成为好作家”以及“爱情不专一的男人更会说谎。”（另一方面，研究人员发现抑郁对男人的寿命没有影响，这是因为当问到有什么不舒服的时候，男人总是使劲地标出“没有”）。

（2）我们大多数人都会认识一位年老的大妈、或孤独的老奶奶或寡居的邻居老太太，她们对生活的态度有些悲观。要是她们能停止抱怨腰痛呀、噪音呀、?休金太少呀，污染呀，或是外国人来的太多呀，我们还能多和她们在一起呆一会儿。有时候我们实在不愿意听她们的抱怨，就想，我们真不敢想象她们都这样了，怎么还能活着呢？（Energizer Bunny 是指电视广告上装了 Energizer 牌电池的兔子一直不停的动，而别的兔子都不能动了。in sup- port hose：穿着带支架的护腿，意旨老年人。编者注）。

（3）我自己的外婆得了中风和糖尿病后，又过了几十年才去世。她生命的最后十年，因瘫痪只能戴着成年人尿不湿坐在轮椅上，在一家相当好的医院里的慢性病护理科度过。她差不多快 100 岁了，一生中大部分时间没有太多高兴的事情。我妈妈是个永远年轻而又充满活力的人，她经常去看望我的外婆，比我们这些不太关心她的孙子孙女去的次数多多了。可怜的外婆经常抱怨，每当我们问她过得怎么样的时候，她总是缩着肩膀说，糟糕透了，你想我能怎么样呢？（4）我们也不能责怪她。她经历了两次世界大战，经历了大萧条时期，与一位难以相处的男人渡过了漫长的婚姻生活，四十年代的她已经四十多岁了，却又意外怀孕生子。在可怕的晚年生活中，又不得不委曲地和一位大哭大闹的陌生人住在一个房间，不得不让那些不耐烦的护士给她在不怎么热的水里洗海绵浴。对于这些，任何一个乐观的人也会出现某种抑郁，不是吗？

（5）但是我们大家都一致认为她和我们以及护士们吵闹能使她的头脑清醒；甜蜜的肥皂剧能使她激动，她那些不知感恩的，懒惰的孙儿孙女们不来看她使她

总是不满。这些让她深深叹息的事情使她抑郁，是的，但也使她顽强地（痛苦地）活着。

（5）每当妈妈去看望外婆之后精疲力竭地回来时，她总是说她决不想像外婆一样活那么大岁数。可是这一天来得太快了，去年她就不幸地实现了自己的愿望。她去世时的岁数只有外婆的一半多一点儿。

（6）我妈妈活着的时候曾给患抑郁症的老夫人们做私人护士，妈妈从不抱怨。她热爱自己的工作，愿意照顾那些生病的老年人。她喜欢使他们那些灰色的凄凉的生活变得快活一些。她给他们拉起满是灰尘的窗帘，给他们打松那些已经发霉了的枕头，给他们端来罐装的水果杂拌，给他们读书，读报，给他们烫衣服，尽其所能让他们高兴。她的最后一位患者是一位高雅的、爱发牢骚的、有钱的老夫人。现在已经 90 多岁了，还活着呢，但是在妈妈的葬礼她连一束花都没送。我妈妈为她奉献了那么多，因此我给她起了个外号叫“那位可怜的老婊子”。

（7）在《改正》一书中，作者乔纳森费兰森惟妙惟肖地抓住了那些患轻度抑郁症的老年妇女的精髓。他小说中的女主人公艾尼德兰勃特所患的抑郁症形成了一个看不见的气场，在潜意识中，其他人都不能触动她那脆弱的核心。艾米德抱怨、生气、利用别人，并以甜言蜜语来哄骗别人，为的就是缓解自己的不满。许多章节之后，她周围的大部分人都像病树一样倒下了，而艾尼德自己又撩起裙子，悄悄地绕过了这些尸体。艾尼德活了下来，甚至活的很精神。她能完好无损地活下来，就是因为她的抑郁症保护了她不至经受真正的痛苦，而这种痛苦则是她周围的人所必须承受的。看来，看来，这些不能打垮你的东西会去攻击更顽强的猎物。

（8）而艾迪斯沃尔顿的小说《充满欢笑的房子》一书中的年轻的丽莉巴特与艾尼德正相反，丽莉是一个非常有自制力的、理想主义的、无畏的人。她什么事都不抱怨，并且认为一切事都是命里注定的。丽莉 30 多岁就孤独地死去了，死时身无分文。假如她因悲伤而崩溃，也许能活到 80 多岁才孤独而身无分文的死去呢！

（9）所以你可以放心大睡，或借酒消愁 , 也可以放慢生活的脚步。你可以恢复抱怨，可以心情不快，也可以拿起你的武器来反击，不用躲躲藏藏。生活是艰难的，那么你就可以叹息，重重地叹息。说实话这对我倒是一种解脱。我从

没有想象过自己老了会住在金碧辉煌的豪华退休别墅里面，穿着短裙裤高高兴兴地参加各种活动，从事一些晚年的精神唤醒活动。我总是想象自己坐在破旧的草地椅上面，在一片杂草丛生的草地上愁眉苦脸，椅子扶手旁边竖着一把小莱福枪，用来驱赶那些想来骚扰我那可爱的老猫的浣熊。我可能一边嚼着烟草一边抱怨，对我已长大的女儿、或她的丈夫或者不管接电话的是谁，抱怨我那一天到晚呆在家里玩计算机的丈夫，或抱怨在地下室弄出噪音的人，不管他是谁。所以我再也不用吃那些缓解心动过速的药，再也不用吃戒烟口香糖，再也不用做瑜伽了。这就是我痛苦而漫长的余生的开始。

第七课 B

呼叫卡森医生

本卡森

（1）1961 年，我上五年级。我学习成绩一塌糊涂。其实，我太不懂事，所以不是真的在乎。

（2）父亲早就去世了。我和哥哥柯蒂斯同妈妈住在一起。房子阴暗，里面有几户，位于底特律的得尔瑞区。那个区是被雅称为“像砂的”那些肮脏昏暗的区域中的一个。我们家狭窄，布置破旧，但干净，桌上总有食物。因为我们这些孩子自我封闭，不懂事，所以我们只是隐约知道：母亲既要当好家，又要当“佣人”干三种工作，很费力。

（3）我们的世界大致是这样的：熬到放学后，踢足球或打篮球，从邻居院子里的树上偷一些苹果，也许还用 BB 气枪打老鼠。天黑后回家看电视。我们不需要电视节目表。我和哥哥什么时候都知道每个频道放什么。

（4）但是有一天，妈妈永远改变了我们的世界。她关掉电视。我在学校成绩不及格是导火索。母亲桑娅卡森只读到三年级，可她比我们当时所知道的要聪明的、机灵的多。她在所清扫的市郊的房子里注意到一样东西 -- 书。所以一天回到家后，她突然关掉电视，要我们坐下，解释说自己的儿子要出人头地。她说：“以后你们每周看两本书，还要根据看的东西写报告。”

（5）我们发牢骚，抱怨这有多不公平，而其他的孩子都看电视。这一招不灵，我们就想：嗯，她大概过几天就把这给忘了。而且，家里除了妈妈的圣经，什么书都没有。

（6）可她说哪儿有书，我们就去哪儿。“我开车送你们去图书馆。”很快，两个烦躁的、郁闷的孩子坐上她 1959 年的奥兹莫比尔车，前往底特律公共图书馆的沃特曼分部。我喜爱动物，所以看到好像与动物有关的书，我就开始翻看起来。

（7）我完完整整看完的书是《塑造建水坝的家伙》，讲的是海狸和它们怎么生活、建水坝的事情。我有生以来第一次迷上了另一个世界。在书中，我观赏了森林里寒冷的溪流和建房子的这些动物。没有哪个电视节目能使我这样忘记周围。

（8）当时我还没有明白，不过这一经历和看电视很不同。图象出现在我的脑海中，而不是在眼前。我翻翻书页就可以重新看到图象。

（9）很快，我开始向往拜访这个与我另一个世界不同的安静的圣地。我发现了恐龙，发现了爬行动物与哺乳动物的差别，还发现了更重要的东西：我不但喜欢读书，而且与声音或图象相比，我能从印刷的文字中接受更多的信息，而且更快。

（10）我从动物转移到植物，又到了其它领域。

（11）所有这些书的封皮之间是完整的世界，我可以自由地在其中活动。在这过程中，发生了一件有趣的事情：我开始懂事了。

（12）几年以后，我们才知道母亲是文盲，甚至看不懂我们每周给她涂写的短小的读书报告。但是，最后她不但学会识字，还拿到普通教育的文凭。（13）现在，柯蒂斯是工程师，我是巴尔的摩的约翰霍普金斯大学儿科中心儿童脑神经外科主任。有时候，我还无法相信自己的生活历程：起初是底特律公立学校一个不及格、冷漠的学生，后来得到耶鲁大学的奖学金，进入密歇根大学医学院，最后到现在这个位置 -- 现在工作中我到世界各地教授、实施紧急手术。

（14）但我知道这个历程是什么时候开始的 -- 妈妈突然关掉电视、开奥兹莫比尔车带我们去图书馆的那一天。

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Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10)

Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has

大学英语阅读教程1答案

Unit 1 part one Angel at Work Ⅰ Reading for information 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A Ⅲ Summary 1.to transcribe his Sunday speeches /too much to handle 2.out of the blue/ share the inspiration 3.deliver the tape personally/the mystery of the arrangement 4.personal contact/spastic 5.asked for reward/full and dedicated Unit 2 part one My Miraculous Life Ⅰ Reading for information 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6 C Unit 3 part one A Thief Ⅰ Reading for information 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C.A 5.B 6 C Ⅲ Summary 1.the ticket counter/a leather coat 2.a cocktail bar/catches sight of a blonde girl/a Travellers Aid counter 3. a magazine/becomes aware of/jostling/blushes

4. lifted/back pocket 5. a front window/hand her over 6. wrong/bolts 7. has stolen Unit 4 part one Escape Artists Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.publishing/overseen 2.procrastinator/affected https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8b6848810.html,ziness/desire/consistently/delay 4.funishes/reinforcing/subscribe 5.mismatch/sophisticated 6.solution/deploying/management Unit 5 part one For Big Bruno, a Man We Can Look Up to Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.hard work/pay off 2.Big Bruno/strong in stature/a gentle spirit 3.most patient/slow to get angry/a heart of gold

研究生英语阅读教程(提高版)课后翻译(带原文)

Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。

研究生英语阅读教程翻译8-11

Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?

研究生英语阅读答案

Unit 1 Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World? (2)Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there (3)to have no access to the health service (4)an important role in prospering and developing (5)a depression in yield and a reduction in quality (6)could have made a good salary (7)We cannot estimate the value of modern science and technology too much. (8)The insurance company will recoup the farmers for the loss caused by the flood. (9)During the SARS outbreak, the lack of hygiene in poor countries had devastating consequences to all people of the world. (10)T his University Library is one of the largest Libraries in China, with a stack of over 2.3 million volumes. It supports the University’s research and teaching across a full range of subjects, and provides information about the Library’s collections and services in each subject area. (11)T he recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as job layoffs ravaged household budgets. (12)C hina's government declared two strains of genetically modified rice safe to produce and consume, taking a major step toward endorsing the use of biotechnology in the staple food crop of billions of people in Asia. China is the world's top producer and consumer of rice, so its use of modified varieties has the potential to alter the grain's global supply patterns. China's officials have been less constrained by public pressure over the sometimes-controversial use of biotechnology in food than officials in other countries. The government has long supported research into agricultural biotechnology as part of a drive to ensure the nation remains self-sufficient in staple crops. IV. Cloze 1. species 2. predictable 3. unrelated 4. different 5. into 6. produce 7. seeing 8. also 9. obvious 10. inserted 11. nobody 12. approved 13. apparently 14. humans 15. risks Unit 2 The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White (2)He was not severely punished for his crime (3)advance our knowledge of the HIV virus. (4)when taken according to the instruction (5)to have no access to the health service (6)He has some vague ideas about what to do