自考本科段英语(二)课文Unit 9

Unit 9

Learned Words and Popular Words T ext A

In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who speak the language. Such words may be called “popular,’’ since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.

On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s lips or from the talk of our classmates, but from books that we read, lectures that we hear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in an elevated style. Such words are called “learned’’, and the difference between themelevated and “popular’’ words is of great importance to a right understanding of language.

The difference between popular and learned words may be easily seen in a few examples. We may descried a girl as “lively’’or as “vivacious.’’ In the fist case, we are using a native English word formed from the familiar noun life. In the latter, we are using a Latin derivative which has exactly the same meaning. Y et the atmosphere of the two words is quite different. No one ever got the adjective lively out of a book. It is a part of everybody’s vocabulary. We cannot remember a time when we did not know it, and we feel sure that we learned it long before we were able to read. On the other hand, we must have passed several years of our lives before learning the word vivacious. We may even remember the first time that we saw it in print or heard it from some grown-up friend. Both lively and vivacious are good English words, but lively is popular and vivacious is learned.

The terms “popular’’ and “learned,’’ as applied to words, are not absolute definitions. No two persons have the same stock of words, and the same word may be “popular’’in one man’s vocabulary and “learned’’in another’s. There are also different grades of “popularity.’’S till, the classification into “learned’’ and “popular’’ is convenient and sound. Different opinions may come up as to the classification of any particular word, but there can be no difference of opinion about the general principle. We must be careful, however, to avoid misconception. When we call a word “popular,’’ we do not mean that it is a favorite word, but simply that it belongs to the people as a whole_ that is, it is everybody’s word, not the possession of a limited numbed. When we call a word “learned’’ we do not mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary conversation. (559 words) (7) (33)How Should You Build UP Your V ocabulary?T ext B Through Context

When students in a college class were asked what should be done when they came across a new word in their reading, 84 percent said, “Look it up in the dictionary.’’ If you do, however, you interrupt the very mental processes needed to make your efforts productive.

But there’s another reason. Suppose someone asks you what the word “fast’’ means. Y ou answer, “swift.’’ But does it mean that in such contexts as “fast color,’’“fast woman,’’ or “fast friend’’? And if a horse is fast, is it securely tied or running at top speed? It could be either. It all depends. On the dictionary? No, on context_ on how the word is actually used. After all there are over twenty different meanings for “fast’’ in the dictionary. But the dictionary doesn’t tell you which meaning is intended. That’s why it makes such good sense to begin with context.

Through W ord Parts

Now for the next step. Often new words contain one or more parts, which, if recognized, provide specific help with meaning. Suppose you read that someone “had a preference for reading travel books.’’ The context certainly isn’t too helpful. But do you see a prefix, suffix, or root that you know? Well, there’s the familiar prefix pre-, meaning “before.’’ Look back at the context and try inserting“before.’’ Reading travel books apparently comes “before’’ other kinds of reading. Yes, a preference is something put “before’’ something else.

Y our second step, then, is to look for familiar word parts. If they do not give you exact meanings, they should at least bring you much closer.

Now you can see why you should consult the dictionary last, not first. Y ou’ve looked carefully at context. Y ou’ve looked for familiar word parts. Now you play Sherlock Holmes_ an exciting role. Y ou guess. What exactly does that strange word mean? Only when you go through the mental exercises to come up with a tentative definition should you open the dictionary to see if you’re right.

After all, those first two steps or approaches spark a stronger. Than usual interest in that dictionary definition. Y ou’re now personally involved. Did you find out the word meaning? Y ou heightened interest will lead to better memory of both word and meaning. It also encourages your development of the habits needed to speed your progress. And when you see in black and white the definition you had expected, what a feeling of success is yours. In that way, the CPD Formula provides you with maximum effectiveness.

Well, there it is, your new formula_ Context, Parts Dictionary. Use it! The exercises which follow will give you specific, step-by-step help in sharpening your awareness of contextual clues, learning the most useful word parts, and using the dictionary with increased accuracy and ease. The results will be like money in the bank. (479 words) (6) (26)

历年全国自考综合英语(一)真题

Ⅰ.语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. He was educated at the local grammar school, after ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. when B. what C. which D. where 2. There’s no ______ to make an appointment. Just come to my office anytime after 10 in the morning. A. time B. need C. good D. chance 3. —Could I have a look at your essay to get a few ideas? —______ A. Sure. Why not? B. Yes, that’s right. C. Don’t mention it. D. That sounds great. 4. Even if you fail the first time, you should ______ trying. A. hold on B. go on C. work out D. carry out 5. A tall man walked into the bar in a woollen sweater, a jacket ____ at his waist. A. to tie B. tie C. ties D. tied 6. My father is a businessman and is often away from home. Sometimes I wish that he ______ making less money. A. will be B. has been C. were D. is 7. Technology has indeed had a direct ______ on our life today. A. change B. effort C. effect D. role 8. ______ you stop working for a while, you will be tired out. A. As B. Unless C. If D. When 9. Biological science should be developed to do good ______ harm to people. A. other than B. less than C. better than D. rather than 10.______ it was getting dark, we decided to stop at a hotel for the night. A. Since B. If C. Though D. That 11. The two boys look very much alike, but Robert is ______ one. A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. taller 12. The teacher, as well as three of his students, ______ taken an interest in traditional Chinese painting. A. is B. are C.has D. have 13. If I ______ harder at mathematics in school, I would have a much better chance of getting a good job. A. worked B. had worked C. were to work D. were working 14. Gone are the days ______ I was young and as strong as a horse.

自考综合英语二(0015)课文及重点词汇一 Text-B The Language of Confidence

Text-B The Language of Confidence The language we use program s our brain s.Master ing our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life. program 程序 brain 大脑 master 主人、精通 degree 程度 destinies 命运 possible 可能的 dramatically 显著的 improve 改善 quality 品质 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind.It is like a child,it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. "Try" even 甚至 effect 影响 sub-conscious 潜意识 mind 记忆 imagine 想象 eager 渴望 to carry out 执行 command 命令 knowingly 故意的 entirely 完全的 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?

2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. （关于某主题的）思考，回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认；意识到 4. betray v. 辜负；对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实；实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德；正直的品性；德行 7. trend n. 趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向 8. befriend v. 做（尤指需要帮助者的）朋友；友善相待 9. request v. （礼貌或正式地）请求，要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的；赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多；大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的；共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析：mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语；术语：措辞 14. site n. 网站；站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失；湮灭；毁灭 17. thought n. 想法；看法；主意；记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的；类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康；安乐；康乐 25. welfare n. （个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质；实质；精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名；坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提；假定； 30. exploit v. 利用（…为自己谋利） 31. reconnect v. 再联系；再联络 32. virtual adj. （通过计算机软件，如在因特网上）模拟的，虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信；向…保证

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

自考综合英语一下册课文及翻译

综合英语（一）下 Lesson One The Story of an Hour 一小时的故事 Kate Chopin Learning Guide 一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时?? 1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead. 他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息透露给她时非常委婉。她的丈夫布伦特里死 了 2“ There was a train accident, Louise, ” said her sister Josephine, quietly. 3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken 4“ Richards ?waast the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise ?Lou iBsere, ntly's name was on the list. Brently ?was killed, Louise. ” “出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。 “理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝??路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布 伦特里??遇难了，路易丝。” 5Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women would.She could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a sudden storm , her tears broke out . She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her. 路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其 来的暴雨，夺眶而出。她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。 6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty. 7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested. 窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里一片空白

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.（消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较：range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱；爱情 romantic https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8414076880.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的；可能的 6.scriptn.剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密；关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的；开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为；认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩；山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的；文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗；韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向；意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的；汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌；手心 17.varyv.相异；不同 18.conveyv.表达，传递（思想、感情等） 19.polishv.修改；润饰；润色 20.intellectn.（尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格；个性；人格 22.sequencen.顺序；次序 23.reversev.颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰；掩盖 unveil揭露，揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的；脑力的；理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉；通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌；外表 28.intensity?n.强烈；紧张；剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.（感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2

Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿

00795自考综合英语二语法知识点

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00795综合英语二-上册-课文诠释

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