专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(18)

Test Eighteen

主语从句中的虚拟语气

1)It is(was)+suggested+that+(should)+动词原形。如：

It is proposed that more selective courses be offered next year.

It has been decided that a special committee be formed to supervise the work.

2)It is(was)+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形。

该句式中的形容词一般包括：advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, important, imperative, necessary, impossible等。例如：

It is important that the students take brief notes while listening to the lecture.

It is essential that all the facts be examined first.

近义词辨析

obvious, apparent, evident, clear

这组词均含有“明显的”的意思。

obvious

指被觉察的东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物。

apparent

意为表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此。

evident

指有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显。

clear

指不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素。

It was an obvious mistake for him to have gone alone.他独自一人去，这是一个明显的错误。

It was becoming increasingly apparent that he disliked me.他不喜欢我这一点变得越来越明显。

The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.掌声明显地表明这部剧引起了轰动。 The situation is clear to everyone.局势大家都清楚。

全真模拟试题

1. Little is known of his childhood ____ at a factory at the early age of ten.

A. to begin to work

B. beginning to work

C. save that he began to work

D. about that he worked

2. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief attention ____ to the undertaking that is expected to bring highest profit.

A. is given

B. gives

C. should be given

D. must be given

3. They did not find ____ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.

A. worth their while

B. it worthwhile

C. it worth

D. it worthy

4. Quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over short courses ____ breeds can.

A. than the other

B. other

C. than other

D. of all other

5. Most insurance agents would rather you ____ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do

B. didn’t do

C. don’t

D. didn’t

6. “I’m surely dirty, ____ ?”

A. am I

B. isn’t I

C. aren’t I

D. am not I

7. ____ illness, he retired.

A. Thanks to

B. According to

C. Owing to

D. For the sake of

8. This car has many features including ____ .

A. stereo, safety devices, air condition, and it saves gas

B. good music, safe devices, air conditioning,and gas

C. stereo, safety devices, air conditioned and good gas

D. stereo, safety devices, air conditioning, and low gas mileage

9. Every boy and girl must have ____ hair neatly combed.

A. his

B. her

C. its

D. their

10. I wish you ____ Jim so much. He is still very depressed.

A. not to hurt

B. didn’t hurt

C. would not

D. had not hurt

11. Before the school ____ what students must wear, they wore just about anything.

A. managed

B. authorized

C. regulated

D. standardized

12. While the population of the United States includes a great variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds, Japan’s population is ____ .

A. autonomous

B. homogeneous

C. ambitious

D.anonymous

13. The contents of the safety deposit box are ____ being held by the police until the trial.

A. theoretically

B. temporarily

C. rationally

D. naturally

14. ____ of half starving foxes were roaming the snow covered mountain areas.

A. Herds

B. Packs

C. Flocks

D. Crowds

15. The very idea of her winning the English competition is quite ______ .

A. strange

B. absurd

C. unlikely

D. sensible

16. The earnest student waited with some slight ____ while the teacher was reading his composition.

A. despair

B. upset

C. nervousness

D. hatred

17. The woman in the kitchen ____ to the doctor that the water was hot.

A. motioned

B. mentioned

C. meant

D. motivated

18. Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a ____ American look at the Old World.

A. distinctly

B. distinctively

C. distinct

D. distinctive

19. The audience disliked the film thoroughly and were ____ by whistling and stamping their feet.

A. protecting

B. protesting

C. projecting

D. proposing

20. In brief, it should be our goal to ____ as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.

A.restore

B. introduce

C. suit

D. supply

21. We should ____ with the difficulties we were confronted with.

A. accord

B. acquaint

C. brood

D. contend

22. She is the person who likes to ____ her knowledge.

A. show up

B. show in

C. show off

D. show round

23. The discovery of gold can bring great ____ to our country.

A. property

B. rich

C. wealth

D. sum

24. I am ____ that many readers are favorably impressed with your writings.

A. confirmed

B. confident

C. indifferent

D. confused

25. His ____ at the meeting yesterday hurt her a lot.

A. conduct

B. action

C. behavior

D. act

试题答案与解析

1．C)

【句意】人们对他的童年了解得很少，只知道他早在10岁就在工厂里工作。

【难点】此处save为介词，相当于except，但不太通俗，其后除接名词或代词外，也可接that 引导的从句。

2．C)

【句意】董事会的成员一致认为主要的精力应该放在为取得最高利润而做的努力上面。 【难点】understanding 如同suggestion, motion, plan, idea, order等词一样，其后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，should加原形动词或直接用原形动词。

3．B)

【句意】他们发现为可能遇到的最差的条件做准备是不值得的。

【难点】在find it worthwhile to prepare …中，find之后是一个复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to prepare, worthwhile （值得花时间的）是宾语补足语。

4．C)

【句意】在短道上，四分之一英里赛马比其它品种的马起动要快，转弯要急，跑得也更快。

【难点】than other breeds can 是一个比较状语从句，与前边的more quickly，more sharply，faster 等相呼应。A)，D)本身是错的，B)无比较意思。

5．B)

【句意】多数保险代理人宁愿你在他们调查了情况之后才提出申诉。

【难点】would rather 后跟的从句用动词过去时，表示“宁愿别人…”，而C)和D)无实义动词，故B)是正确的。

6．C)

【句意】我身上很脏，是不是?

【难点】“I am+表语”这一结构的反意疑问句是一固定结构，即aren’t I。

7．C)

【句意】由于疾病，他退休了。

【难点】owing to意为“由于，因为”；thanks to意为“幸亏”；according to意为“根据”；for the sake of意为“为了…”。

8．D)

【句意】这辆小汽车有很多特点，包括音响、安全装置、空调和低耗的油表。

【难点】此题测试平行结构。所谓平行结构指的是句子的并列成分在结构上应该一致或相同。

A)中it saves gas 为句子。B)中尽管各成分在结构上等同，但逻辑意义上不成立，gas指“汽油”，凡汽车皆有，不能构成该车的特点。C)中各成分尽管结构等同，但表示的意义并不指该车的特点。

9．A)

【句意】每个男孩和女孩必须将自己的头发梳得干净，整齐。

【难点】当我们提到两个单数名词，一个是阳性，另一个是阴性，它们由and 相联，并由each 或every所修饰时，其物主代词应为his。

10．D)

【句意】我但愿你没有叫吉姆那么伤心，他现在仍然很沮丧。

【难点】此题测试wish后虚拟语气表示的不同含义；wish后面可跟复合结构，只有否定形

式的过去虚拟语气D)had not hurt 才符合题意。

11．D)

【句意】在学校统一学生着装之前，学生们穿什么的都有。

【难点】standardize 意为“标准化，使合标准，规格化”；manage意为“使用，运用，操纵”；authorize意为“批准，核定，准许”；regulate意为“控制，制约；为制订规章”。

12．B)

【句意】美国的人口有各种各样的种族背景，而日本人口则是同一种族。

【难点】homogenous 意为“同类的；同性质的；同特征的”；autonomous 意为“自治的”；ambitious 意为“有野心的；有抱负的”；anonymous意为“无特色的，无个性特征的”。

13．B)

【句意】贵重物品保险箱里的东西暂时由警方保管，审判时再打开。

【难点】temporarily意为“暂时地，临时地”；theoretically意为“理论上，表面上”；rationally 意为“合理的，理性地”；naturally意为“生来；天然地”。

14．B)

【句意】一群群饿得半死的狐狸在冰雪覆盖的山区游荡。

【难点】pack意为“（野兽，飞禽等）一群”；herd意为“牧群(尤指牛群）”；flock意为“畜群(尤指羊群)”；crowd主要指“人群”。

15．B)

【句意】她能够得英语竞赛冠军，真是荒唐。

【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的，愚蠢的”；strange意为“古怪的，不可思议的”；unlikely意为“不大可能的”；sensible意为“合情合理的，切合实际的”。

16．C)

【句意】这位同学有点紧张地等待着，因为老师在读他的作文。

【难点】nervousness 意为“紧张，不安”；despair 意为“绝望”；upset意为“心烦意乱，苦恼”；hatred意为“仇恨；敌意；憎恶”。

17．A)

【句意】厨房里的女人向大夫示意说水是热的。

【难点】motion意为“做手势，点头示意”，motion to sb to do sth 意为“示意某人做某事”；mention意为“提起，说起，谈到”；mean意为“意味着”；motivate意为“使有动机，使产生动机”。

18．A)

【句意】两年后，他有机会用美国人的眼光看旧世界。

【难点】distinctly意为“清楚地，明确地”，修饰形容词American;distinct意为“有区别的，不同的，明确的”；distinctive意为“有区别的，特殊的”；distinctively意为“有区别地，特殊地”。

19．B)

【句意】观众用吹哨、跺脚的方式表示抗议。他们根本不喜欢这个电影。

【难点】protest 意为“抗议，提出异议；反对”，后接against; protect意为“保护，保卫”；project意为“计划，规划”；propose意为“提议，提出”。

20．A)

【句意】简言之，尽可能多地恢复大自然原有的美丽是我们的目标。

【难点】restore意为“恢复原状；使复原”；introduce意为“介绍；引进，引导”；suit意为“适合；与相称”；supply意为“供给；满足”。

21．D)

【句意】我们应该与我们面临的困难进行斗争。

【难点】contend意为“搏斗，争斗”；accord意为“相符合，相和谐”；acquaint意为“使认识，介绍相识”；brood意为“（不高兴地）想；沉思，考虑”，后常接over。

22．C)

【句意】她是那种喜欢炫耀自己知识的人。

【难点】show off意为“炫耀，卖弄，表现自己”；show up意为“使显而易见，变得突出”；show in 意为“引（客人）入内，邻…入里面”；show round意为“带领…参观某地”。

23．C)

【句意】黄金的发现给我们的国家带来巨大财富。

【难点】wealth 意为“财富，财产”；property意为“财产，不动产”；rich是形容词，不适合本句；sum意为“金额；一笔钱”。

24．B)

【句意】我相信，许多读者对你的作品印象非常好。

【难点】confident意为“确信，对…有信心”，后接that 从句，confirm是动词，不合本句；indifferent 意为“漠不关心的”；confused意为“被搞糊涂的”。

25．C)

【句意】昨天会议上他的行为叫她十分伤心。

【难点】behavior 意为“行动，表现，举止”；conduct意为“品行（道德方面）行为”；action 意为“行动”，侧重动作；act意为“举动，（一次性）行为，举动”。

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