【英语】英语阅读理解练习题20篇及解析
【英语】英语阅读理解练习题20篇及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
"RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected," said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.
RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.
"While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising," Minor said. "The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot."
（1）How does RAS serve elderly people?
A. Through sensors.
B. Through objects.
C. Through a mobile robot.
D. Through their daily activities.
（2）What can we know about RAS?
A. It is the first robot used in daily life.
B. Its function remains to be tested.
C. It can locate people and do any task.
D. It can cook for owners on its own.
（3）What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?
A. Doubtful.
B. Negative.
C. Optimistic.
D. Uncertain.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Elderly people leave the nursing home.
B. Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot.
C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart.
D. Older adults have benefited from RAS.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
（1）考查细节理解。根据章第二段中的“ The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （传感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities”可知机器人活动支持系统（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“T he next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance…”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。再根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS' performance ”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Ten minutes of gentle exercise can immediately change how certain parts of the brain communicate and coordinate (协调) with one another and improve memory function, according to an encouraging new study.
The scientists invited 36 people of different ages to the lab and had them sit quietly on a fixed bicycle for 10 minutes or, on a separate visit, pedal the bicycle at a pace so gentle that it barely raised their heart rates. It also was short, lasting for only 10 minutes. Immediately after each session of the sitting or slow pedaling, the people completed a computerized memory test during which they would see a brief picture of, for instance, a tree, followed by a variety of other images and then a new image of either the same tree or a similar one. The people would press buttons to show whether they thought each image was new or the same as an earlier shot. The test is difficult, since many of the images closely resemble one another. It requires rapid, skillful scanning recent memories to decide whether a picture is new or known. Next, the scientists had each people repeat this process--riding or sitting on the bike for 10 minutes and then completing memory testing--but the testing now took place inside an M. R. I. machine(磁共振成像仪)that scanned the people's brains while they responded to the images.
Then the researchers compared results. The effects of the exercise were clear. The people were better at remembering images after they had ridden the bike, especially when the images most closely resembled one another. In other words, the harder their memories had to do their best,
the better they performed after the exercise. The M. R. I. scans showed that memory parts of each people's brain lit up at the same time with parts of the brain associated with learning, indicating that these physically separate parts of the brain were better connected now than when the people had not first exercised.
（1）How did the researchers conduct the study?
A. By filling up questionnaires.
B. By interviewing many people.
C. By comparing experiment data.
D. By referring to historical reports.
（2）Who might benefit most from the study result?
A. The marketers promoting fixed bicycles.
B. The young people crazy about body building.
C. The white collars doing long-term mental work.
D. The blue-collars doing heavy physical labor work.
（3）Which of the following statements agrees with the study result?
A. The light exercise is only good for young people.
B. The more the exercise is, the better the brain works.
C. The exercise can coordinate different parts of the body.
D. The exercise has more positive effect when the brain works harder.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. Even ten minutes' exercise may be good for the brain
B. There is no need for humans doing exercise every day
C. Only ten minutes' light exercise benefits the young most
D. Exercise can change people's brains and minds in a long time
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。
（1）细节理解题。第三段第一句“Then the researchers compared results.”可知研究者通过对比实验数据得出结论，故答案选C。
（2）推理判断题。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。因此可推断这对于长期从事脑力工作的白领们是一个福音。故答案选C。
（3）细节理解题。第三段第三句“In other words, the harder their memories had to do their bes t, the better they performed after the exercise.”可知大脑使用的程度越高，运动对记忆里的影响就越大，即当大脑工作更努力时，运动有更积极的效果。故答案选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果：短时间的轻柔运动就会提高记忆力水平，故答案选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
I am astonished at the way God knows when to send a special gift of encouragement at just the right time! It might be in a dream, a lost letter, a memory, or something found that we'd forgotten about.
My grandmother was from a town in Michigan. And summer after summer I enjoyed staying with my grandparents as a young child. I was from the city and loved the small town where they lived. People knew everyone, their children, their pets, their ancestors.
Grandma was always using her hands for something exciting …She would make sandwiches and we'd have tea parties, plant flowers and carefully tend them. She loved knitting sweaters as well as making beautiful quilts for her grandchildren. I remember the small thimble ( 顶针 ) she would place on her finger while doing her needlework.
A few years ago, when Grandma left this earth for her new residence in Heaven, I bid farewell to my loving grandmother. How quickly our lives can change! We had just had tea together a couple of months earlier, on her 91st birthday. I missed her very much, but I noticed it mostly on my birthdays, because there was no card from Grandma. She'd never forgotten my birthday!
On one particular birthday when I was feeling a little low, something happened and made me feel as if she was sharing that special day with me. I was arranging some colorful pillows that she had made, and suddenly I felt something inside one pillow; it was small and hard. I moved the object to a seam (缝) that I carefully opened, and, to my delight, out came a tiny silver thimble! How happy I was to find something that had been a part of her! Not realizing k had fallen off her finger, I pictured her sewing h into that little pillow that I just happened to fluff (抖松), to place on my bedspread (床罩) that day. I carefully laid the thimble alongside the others Id collected over the years. What a precious memory of a very special lady who, somehow, I knew, was laughing in delight at sewing her thimble into my pillow. I heated the kettle and made some tea, using my best china, as Grandma always did, and then enjoyed my tea and Grandma's thimble. What a wonderful birthday that was!
（1）In the author's memory, what would her grandmother do?
A. She would make sandwiches and hamburgers for her family.
B. She would wear a thimble for needlework every day.
C. She would make beautiful quilts for money.
D. She would look after the flowers in the garden.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The modern world's fast-changing life.
B. The fact that the grandmother had passed away.
C. The author's missing her grandmother.
D. The love the author got from her grandmother.（3）How did the author feel when she found the thimble?
A. Surprised.
B. Regretful.
C. Guilty.
D. Lonely.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Grandma's Thimble
B. Grandma's Life Story
C. The Joy of Finding Something Lost
D. The Importance of Putting Things Away
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过祖母生活的点滴及她的银顶针对作者的影响，表达了作者和祖母之间浓浓的亲情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She would make sandwiches and we'd have tea parties, plant flowers and carefully tend them.”可知，在作者的记忆中，她的祖母会照看花园里的花。故选D。
（2）考查代词指代。根据第四段中的“I missed her very much, but I noticed it mostly on my birthdays, because there was no card from Grandma. She'd never forg otten my birthday! ”我非常想念她，但我大部分时间都是在我生日那天注意到的，因为奶奶没有卡片。她永远不会忘记我的生日！由此可知it指“作者想念她的祖母。”故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“to my delight, out came a tiny silver thimble!”可知，当她发现顶针时，她感到惊喜。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“I heated the kettle and made some tea, using my best china, as Grandma always did, and then enjoyed my tea and Grandma's thimble. What a wonderful birthday that was!”可知，本文主题是奶奶的Thimble。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted (分心) with telephone calls, social media or text messages.
Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the state's roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident.
The New South Wales government plans to place 45 Mobile Phone Detection Cameras across the state by December. Each phone detection unit contains two cameras. One camera takes pictures of a vehicle's registration plate (牌照). A second camera looks through the front window of a car or truck to see what drivers are doing with their hands.
The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicle's registered owner. A violation (违反) carries fine of $232. Some cameras will be permanently set up on roadsides. Others will be moved, from time to time, around the state.
Two fixed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six-month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100,000 drivers with their hands on phones.
One driver was using a phone and another electronic device, an Apple iPad, at the same time. Another driver had a passenger guide the vehicle while they both held phones, the state government said.
（1）What is the real purpose to set up cameras in New South Wale?
A.To keep records of the accidents.
B.To promote the latest technology.
C.To find illegal behavior of the drivers.
D.To force drivers to focus more on driving.
（2）What can we infer from the road safety experts?
A.Smart-phones are main killers on the road.
B.All accidents result from drivers' using cell-phones.
C.Measures are badly needed to ban using phones while driving.
D.Carrying a smart-phone while driving will cause an accident.
（3）How does the phone detection unit function effectively?
A.It corrects the drivers' wrong behavior.
B.It has two cameras to record the plates.
C.It sends a notice to the legal diver autonomously.
D.It combines artificial intelligence with human's efforts.
（4）What did a six-month test show?
A.Electronic devices could help divers indeed.
B.Mary passenger helped operate the vehicles.
C.Many drivers used electronic devices while driving.
D.It was common to be busy with two wireless devices.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted （分心）with telephone calls, social media or text messages.”澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。所以判断出，新南威尔士设置摄像头的真正目的是迫使司机更专注于驾驶。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the state's roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving g reatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident.”可
知道路安全专家对越来越多的司机在州内道路上使用智能手机的事故表示关注。他们说，司机在开车时使用手机，大大增加了发生事故的可能性。所以判断出，道路安全专家认为急需采取措施禁止开车时使用手机。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicle's registered owner.”可知这些装置使用人工智能技术，将不接触手机的司机隔离开来。然后，在通知车主之前，由人类确认照片上是否有违法行为。因此，手机检测装置是把人工智能和人类的努力结合起来。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Two fix ed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six﹣month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100，000 drivers with their hands on phones.”可知今年早些时候，作为为期6个月的测试的一部分，两个固定摄像头拍摄了850万辆汽车的照片。这些摄像头拍摄了10万多名驾驶员的手拿着手机的照片。所以，六个月的测试显示了许多司机在开车时使用电子设备。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Imagine waking up one day and finding that your beautiful local beach is no more—gone, its fine white sand swept away by an abnormal storm. You go about your daily business for 12 long years and then suddenly the beach is back, all its glory restored by another storm. This is what happened on the island of Achill, off the coast of Ireland, where people are celebrating the return of the beautiful Ashleam Bay beach that was taken from them in 2005.
That in itself is unusual enough, but the story gets even better! You see, another beach in Achill did a disappearing act once, but took much longer to return. The beach at Doonagh, located only six miles away from Ashleam Bay, was restored earlier in 2016 after waves created by spring storms had swept away all the sand in 1984, leaving just rock pools behind.
There is local legend that stretches back hundreds of years that says this beach at Ashlcam Bay returns for a short every seven years then disappears again. But this time around it took a bit longer than that. It was last seen in 2005 and it stayed for a few months at that time before it was washed away again.
As you can imagine, everyone on the island of Achill is thrilled to have their sandy beach back, and even though no one knows how long it's going to be around for, they are making the most of the time they've got before it disappears again.
Some may be quick to believe climate changes cause the phenomenon, but that's not the reason these two beaches in Achill keep disappearing, Dr Kevin Lynch, a geographer at NUT Galway, says that these occurrences are the result of hydrodynamics (流体力学) and sediment(沉积物) supply, rather than climate changes.
Regardless of what's causing them, disappearing and reappearing beaches are just part of what makes nature so fascinating.
（1）What is people's reaction to the return of the Ashleam Bay beach?
A. Full of fear.
B. Quite delighted.
C. Very disappointed.
D. Extremely con fused.（2）What can we learn about the beach at Doonagh?
A. It is not located in Ireland.
B. It disappeared 12 years ago.
C. It once disappeared for more than 30 years.
D. It is just made up of rocks and pools.
（3）According to the local legend, when should the Ashleam Bay beach have come back?
A. In 1982.
B. In 2012.
C. In 2016.
D. In 2018.
（4）What does Dr Kevin Lynch think of the phenomenon?
A. Some abnormal storms lead to ocean's enlargement,
B. It is hard to uncover the mystery of beach's disappearing.
C. Climate changes can result in beaches disappearing completely.
D. Hydrodynamics and sediment supply cause two beaches to disappear.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，爱尔兰西北部的一个海滩不易而飞，但过一段时间它又回来了。传言阿什拉姆湾的海滩每七年返回一次，然后又消失。有些人可能认为气候变化会导致这种现象，但地理学家凯文·林奇博士认为Achill这两个海滩不断消失的原因是流体力学和沉积物供应共同作用的结果。而不是气候变化的原因。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的” off the coast of Ireland, where people are celebrating the return of the beautiful Ashleam Bay be ach that was taken from them in 2005.”及第四段中的“As you can imagine, everyone on the island of Achill is thrilled to have their sandy beach back,”。可知，人们对于海滩的回归是非常兴奋的。故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The beach at Doonagh, located only six miles away from Ashleam Bay, was restored earlier in 2016 after waves created by spring storms had swept away all the sand in 1984, leaving just rock pools behind,”可知，Doonagh海滩于1984年被春天的风暴席卷了所有的沙子只留下岩石池，在2016年初恢复了。由此可推断出Doonagh在消失了32年后又恢复了。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“the beautiful Ashleam Bay beach that was taken from them in 2005.”可知，Ashleam Bay是在2005年消失的。第三段中的“There is local legend that stretches back hundreds of years that says this beach at Ashlcam Bay returns for a short every seven years then disappears again.” 当地方传说。说阿什卡姆湾的海滩每七年恢复一次，然后又消失。也就是2005+7=2012年回归，故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Dr Kevin Lynch, a geographer at NUT Galway, says that these occurrences are the result of hydrodynamics (流体力学) and sediment(沉积物) supply, rather than climate changes.”可知，这种现象是流体力学和沉积物供应共同作用的结果。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way.
The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.
“I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash.“I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.”
Here is how the program works:
Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man.
Step 2: I marry that man.
Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.
I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”
（1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?
A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband.
B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends.
C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right.
D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.
（2）What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph?
A. delicious
B. sensible
C. angry
D. foolish
（3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2?
A. To stress the importance of finding a good job.
B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.
C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job.
D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.
（4）What kind of person do you think the lady is?
A. Adventurous
B. Imaginative
C. Considerate
D. Polite
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。有一位女士为了找到一个丈夫，她许诺谁给她找到了Mr. Right.就给谁$10,000。人们认为她是“傻的”，没有给$10,000也能找到一个丈夫。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right.”可知这位女士是为了鼓励朋友们帮助她找到她的Mr. Right.故选C。
(2)考查词义猜测。根据“I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.”和根据最后一段中的“I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”这位女士给帮助她找到丈夫的人$10,000。这就是了。没有给$10,000.也能找到一个丈夫。由此推知划线词的意思是“愚蠢的，傻的”。故选D。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different?”可知提到一份好工作的目的是强调态度积极的重要性，故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，我们可以知道这位女士为了找到一位丈夫，而付出一万美元，谁能帮她找到丈夫，谁就能得到这笔钱。这说明她是一个敢于冒险的人。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
You may think that the story of Pygmalion (《卖花女》, 1913) --- in which people are judged by the way they talk --- is something that only existed in the days of British high society. But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hanson, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.
In a BBC radio program, Hanson released a list of common words used in British English that could reveal whether a person is "common" or "fashionable".
And yet here comes the interesting part: While some of us might go through life using fancy words, dressing in ways that make us appear more well-off than we really are, there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as "normal" instead of "showy".
Beatrice, for example, is a New Yorker who inherited (继承) millions of dollars. She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.
"We don't want that 'Wow'." said Scott, also a New Yorker, who had just inherited over $50 million. "We're just not the type of people who wear it on our sleeve."
（1）What does William Hanson find?
A. People failed to judge others' manner.
B. People judge others by their way of talking.
C. People tend to use more polite words.
D. People meet impolite persons frequently.
（2）What do rich people prefer to do?
A. To hide their riches.
B. To earn more money.
C. To think highly of their wealth.
D. To judge others by their wealth.
（3）Why did Beatrice remove the price tags on her clothes?
A. To show off her fashion sense.
B. To change people's attitude to rich people.
C. To pretend to be normal.
D. To avoid making people around her uncomfortable.
（4）What does "it" in the last sentence mean?
A. The price tag.
B. The brand label.
C. The inheritance contract.
D. The Times magazine.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，揭示如今人们依然会从你的说话用词上来判断你是“普通的”还是“时髦的”。
（1考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But thanks to etiquette (礼仪) expert and author William Hans on, we realize that little has changed during the past 100 years.”可知，William Hanson认为我们现在仍旧如同以前一样通过人们讲话的方式来判断一个人。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“…there are wealthy people in the world who try to hide their riches because they want to be seen as 'normal' instead o f 'showy'”可知，富人更喜欢隐藏起他们的财富。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“She told The New York Times that she has a habit of removing the price tags (价签) from her clothes so her house staff don't see them and feel uncomfortable.”可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。故选D。
（4）考查代词指代。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Beatrice除掉衣服上的价格标签是为了避免让她周围的人感到不舒服。因此推断Scott说：我们不想要那些“Wow”，我们不是那种袖子上戴着商标的人。此处的“we”指的是Beatrice和Scott，故it指的是价格标签。故案选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和代词指代两个题型的考查，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive. That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone, or chemical
messenger in the body. This hormone creates feelings of affection in humans. The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them. Scientists believe this helps people and their four-legged friends bond, or feel connected. Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners. To find out, a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs.
The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, like that between a mother and newborn. The increase of oxytocin didn't happen, though, when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them.
A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin, they looked at their owners longer. Scientists aren't sure exactly why, but this reaction occurred only with female dogs. Their owners oxytocin levels also rose as a result.
The result of these experiments might help answer an age-old question: How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man's best friend? Takefumi Kikusui, an animal scientist who worked on the study, thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic (驯养的).
According to Kikusui, there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier. “Humans are very sensitive to eye contact. By using this special communication tool, the dogs are able to win over our hearts. If they are more likely to make eye contact, it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners,” Kikusui said.
（1）According to Paragraph 1, people say “Awww” to .
A. make the dog stare at them
B. express their love for the dogs
C. draw the dogs' attention away
D. warn the dogs not to approach them
（2）According to the passage, oxytocin can .
A. reduce animals pain of giving birth
B. motivate animals desires to protect others
C. help animals to develop a better relationship
D. enable animals to survive more easily from dangers
（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that .
A. dogs became friends with humans
B. wolves begin to bond with humans
C. dogs and wolves are best friends
D. dogs were domesticated by humans
（4）What's the purpose of the passage?
A. To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.
B. To give advice on how to get along with dogs.
C. To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.
D. To explain why humans and dogs are connected.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文主要叙述科学家解开了狗与人类的关系为何演变成今日如此这般和谐的原因之谜。
（1）推理判断题。第一段开头When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive.当狗看着你，你毫不犹豫地说“Awww”，不愿意离开。这是因为你觉得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，说明你爱狗。故答案选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段开头的…afte r the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, …宠物和主人在一起半个小时，人与狗身上的催产素就会增加了。这种激素在许多动物中的关键作用就是促进关系。说明，催产系可以帮助动物加强联系，提升关系。故答案选C。
（3）推理判断题。第三、四两段给狗催产素，它们注视主人时间更长。但是只有母狗会如此，所以给狗催产素后，狗的反应不一样。这些实验的结果可能有助于解决一个古老的问题：现代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何变成人类最好的朋友的？从事这项研究的动物科学家Takefumi Kikusui认为，这种变化就是狗最初成为家畜时发生的变化。由此可推断出，这种变化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先变成人类最好的朋友。分析选项可知，故答案选A。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文解释了狗与人类的关系如何演变成今天的如此和谐的朋友关系的原因。分析选项可知D项（解释人类和狗连系的原因）符合题意，故答案选D。
【点评】阅读理解题主旨大意及段落大意解题技巧：
位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。
位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。
位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。
首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。
9．阅读理解
On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.
The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.
Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data,
allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.
While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal cha nges by comparing bird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.
（1）What can we know about the piping plover?
A. Its behaviour is changing.
B. Its habitat is growing bigger.
C. Its living environment is becoming worse.
D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?
A. To study shorelines across America.
B. To advance information technology.
C. To find out global climate change.
D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?
A. The camping equipment.
B. Research on smartphones.
C. The changeable coast.
D. Progress in technology.
（4）What would be the best title of the text?
A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds
B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist
C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff
D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。
（1）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了。故答案选C。
（2）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.可知，发明app其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的栖息地的改变。故答案选D。
（3）考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently.可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。故答案选D。
（4）考查主旨大意题。根据文章大意：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。故答案选A。
【点评】1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学
习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。
10．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men," argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the "Great Man Theory of History." This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.
As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.
Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.
Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.
This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.
（1）What is implied in the first paragraph?
A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable.
B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.
C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies.
D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "other items" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. good biographies
B. stories of certain times
C. the volumes of The Last Lion
D. the chapters of the British Empire
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.
B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.
C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.
D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.
（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?
A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.
B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.
C. To present great men's history through biography reading.
D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词"go back to，had unique influence on their times"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. "可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的"other items"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life"以及第三段" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world."可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"First, I find good biographies fascinating."；第三段中的"Second, I find good biographies informative."；第四段中的"Third, I find good biographies relaxing." 以及最后段"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who
neglects them. Don't be counted among their number."可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。