科技英语在线考试题1

单项选择题

第1题If you don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get ______. 本题1分

A、sank

B、soaped

C、foamed

D、soaked

第2题The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future. 本题1分

A、melted

B、transmitted

C、filtered

D、flowed

第3题We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______. 本题1分

A、in register

B、to document

C、on paper

D、on record

第4题The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial. 本题1分

A、in no case

B、in any case

C、in case of

D、in case

第5题Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance –for example when you’re clearing out an old building. 本题1分

A、come by

B、come in

C、come out

D、come down

第6题Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa. 本题1分

A、rest with

B、resort to

C、render into

D、reside in

第7题Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ is never considered. 本题1分

A、respect

B、prospect

C、aspect

D、retrospect

第8题One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks. 本题1分

A、compare

B、coincide

C、collide

D、content

第9题We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustion. 本题1分

A、pace

B、atmosphere

C、rhythm

D、hemisphere

第10题The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot of attention. 本题1分

A、vision

B、version

C、provision

D、verification

第11题before you begin preparing for the second ______ of the interview, you’d better make a list of topics related to your country, culture, lifestyle ａnd personal interests. 本题1分

A、phrase

B、case

C、phase

D、ease

第12题The director had her assistant ________ some hot dogs for the staff members. 本题1分

A、picking up

B、picked up

C、to pick up

D、pick up

第13题The committee has made some recommendations, but it is _______ the President to make the final decision. 本题1分

A、resting with

B、apt to

C、up to

D、in accordance with

第14题

She devised a plan ______ they might escape from the tightly guarded prison.

本题1分

A、whereas

B、wherein

C、whereby

D、wherever

第15题All applicants are questioned by a __________ of experienced interviewers. 本题1分

A、pack

B、school

C、panel

D、swarm

第16题

The prices of the products of joint ventures sold in China should be fixed on the basis of quality ______ the price regulations set by the state and be charged in RMB.

本题1分

A、for the sake of

B、with a view to

C、regardless of

D、in line with

第17题

Joint ventures may ______ labor contracts with the employees according to their needs in production and management operations.

本题1分

A、lose

B、write

C、sign

D、draw

第18题

for a successful business, friendly ａnd _______ staff are essential.

本题1分

A、sufficient

B、effective

C、respective

D、efficient

第19题

He was ______ against the plan from the beginning because of his past unhappy cooperation with the same planner.

本题1分

A、biased

B、opposed

C、decided

D、combined

第20题

The film provides a deep ______ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.

本题1分

A、imagination

B、insight

C、fancy

D、outlook

填空题

第21题Georgia said it would take a___ aggressive ___ (咄咄逼人的)diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights. 本题2分

第22题The current trade _ deficit __赤字indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade. 本题2分

第23题Enough lava had e_ erupted ___(喷发) from the volcano to bury the entire village. 本题2分

第24题Your proposal to cut down the price might s park___(发动) price war in the global market. 本题2分

第25题The spacecraft is set to throw new light on to a dark corner of the s olar___ (太阳的) system. 本题2分

第26题Whatever advantage the domestic goods has in price is o ffset___(抵消, 补偿) by the imported goods’appeal to consumers. 本题2分

第27题Conversion___(convert) to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 本题2分

第28题In the contract it is stated that any dispute between the two parties shall be settled by friendly consultation___(consult). 本题2分

第29题any successful ａnd repeatable defeat of a computer’s security controls could result in a_penetration__ (penetrate) of the system. 本题2分

第30题pollution growth ａnd economic development is a matter of complex _inter relation__(relation). 本题2分

问答题

第31题

英译汉

Once infected, your money will be transferred to an additional account opened by the virus program without anybody knowing it.

本题3分

一旦被感染，你的钱会被转移到由病毒程序开设的无人知道的账户里。

第32题

英译汉

But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.

本题3分

但依赖性也并非坏事，只要它是有益于健康的——你不必非是个奥运选手才能获益。

第33题

汉译英

中国是一个富产宝贵的自然资源—原油的国家。(be rich in)

本题3分

China is a country rich in crude oil, which is a precious natural resource。

第34题

汉译英

我祖母的故乡位于纽约和芝加哥之间的某个小镇上。(in between)

本题3分

My grandmother’s hometown is situated in some small town in between New York and Chicago.

第35题

英译汉

If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation.

如果宇宙中一切根本是相互依赖的，那么孤立地研究问题的一部分也许不可能得到完备的答案。

第36题

汉译英：

他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all )

本题3分

For all his learning, he didn’t know how to cope with the situation caused by the biotechnology.

第37题

汉译英：

只要不断努力，你早晚都会学好日语的。(sooner or later)

本题3分

As long as you go on working hard, you will learn Japanese sooner or later

第38题

汉译英：

那位新的候选人决定参加2012年美国总统大选时，竞争对手的竞选活动已全面展开。(be in full wing)

本题3分

The opponents' campaign efforts were already in full swing when the new candidate decided to run for the U.S. presidential election in 2012.

第39题

Planning involves setting the firm’s objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.

本题3分

拟定计划涉及到为公司制定阶段性目标以及确定如何实现这些目标。

第40题

英译汉

In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?

本题3分

在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫, 生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢?

阅读理解题

第41题

So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as if no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.

The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and

forget their wives’ birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.

Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one’s teeth into a problem.”

本题10分

1．1

From the point view of the author, labor is ______ for it.

A、a voluntary job to a person, and society pays no money

B、an enjoyable job to a person, and society pays no money

C、a joyless job to a person, but society pays money

D、a manual job to a person, but society pays money

2．2

According to the passage, one isn’t happy if he ______.

A、is compelled to take a job

B、has to work unnecessarily long time

C、earns little money by doing a job

D、has too little money to support his family

3．3

The author considers play as ______.

A、an enjoyable and private activity

B、a helpful and public activity

C、a forced and private activity

D、a voluntary and public activity

4．4

A job can be classified as labor or work, depending on ______.

A、whether the job is easy or hard

B、whether it is a manual or mental job

C、the taste of the individual who does the job

D、the payment of the job

5．5

The author says that the division of labor and technology has all the following effects on the labor EXCEPT ______.

A、turning enjoyable work into boring labor

B、reducing the number of laboring hours

C、decreasing productivity

D、eliminating the need for special skill

第42题

in ｏrder to talk about the nature of the universe ａnd to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning ｏr an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. i shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, ｏr a restricted part of it, ａnd a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make. it exists only in our minds ａnd does not have any other reality. a theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. it must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, ａnd it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. for example, aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, ａnd water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. on the other hand, newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass ａnd inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, ａnd the planets to a high degree of accuracy.

any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. no matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. on the other hand,

you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. in practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.

the eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. however, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. first, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. if we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. they would say that god could have started the universe off any way he wanted. that may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. it therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.

it turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. instead, we break the problem up into bits ａnd invent a number of partial theories. each of these partial theories describes ａnd predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, ｏr representing them by simple sets of numbers. it may be that this approach is completely wrong. if everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. the classical example is the newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure ａnd constitution of the sun ａnd the planets in ｏrder to calculate their ｏrbits.

today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theｏries —the general theｏry of relativity ａnd quantum mechanics. they are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. the general theｏry of relativity describes the fｏrce of gravity ａnd the large-scale structure of the universe. quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. unf ｏrtunately, however, these two theｏries are known to be inconsistent with each other —they cannot both be cｏrrect. one of the majｏr endeavｏrs in physics today, is the search fｏr a new theｏry that will incｏrpｏrate them both —a quantum theｏry of gravity. we do not yet have such a new theｏry, ａnd we may still be a long way ｆrom having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.

本题10分

1．1

According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

A、a model of the universe

B、a restricted part of the universe

C、a set of rules

D、a reality

2．2

the difference between aristotle’s theory ａnd newton’s theory is ______.

A、Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.

B、Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.

C、Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.

D、Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.

3．3

The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.

A、to break the problem up into bits ａnd invent a number of partial theories

B、to invent one theory to describe the whole universe

C、to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics

D、to study the origin of the universe

4．4

It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.

A、inversely proportional to their mass

B、inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

C、proportional to the square of the distance between them

D、proportional to the constitution of them

5．5

According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.

A、newton’s theory of gravity ａnd the general theory of relativity

B、newton’s theory of gravity ａnd quantum mechanics

C、the general theory of relativity ａnd quantum mechanics

D、the general theory of relativity ａnd the quantum theory of gravity

第43题

A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1) does exist today. My

wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the new, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) .

There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12) world poverty that we’ve ever had.

Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to (13) poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has (14) potential.

To (15) advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices (16) respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an (17) of their sovereignty（主权）might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States (18) its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is (19) America’s Se cond Wave infrastructure—(20) roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.

本题10分

1．1

第一题选项

A、divide

B、information

C、world

D、lecture

2．2

第二题选项

A、unclear

B、visible

C、invisible

D、distinct

3．3

第三题选项

A、forces

B、obstacles

C、events

D、surprises

4．4

第四题选项

A、Seriously

B、Entirely

C、Actually

D、Continuously

5．5

第五题选项

A、negative

B、optimistic

C、pleasant

D、disappointed

6．6

第六题选项

A、developed

B、centralized

C、realized

D、commercialized

7．7

第七题选项

A、users

B、producers

C、customers

D、citizens

8．8

第八题选项

A、enterprises

B、governments

C、officials

D、customers

9．9

第九题选项

A、away

B、for

C、aside

D、behind

10．10

第十题选项

A、netted

B、worked

C、put

D、organized

11．11

第十一题选项

A、decrease

B、narrow

C、neglect

D、low

12．12

第十二题选项

A、containing

B、preventing

C、keeping

D、combating

13．13

第十三题选项

A、win

B、beat

C、defeat

D、fear

14．14

第十四题选项

A、enormous

B、endless

C、numerical

D、numbered

15．15

第十五题选项

A、bring

B、keep

C、hold

D、take

16．16

第十六题选项

A、at

B、of

C、with

D、for

17．17

第十七题选项

A、infection

B、investment

C、invasion

D、insult

18．18

第十八题选项

A、invented

B、guided

C、built

D、erected

19．19

第十九题选项

A、why

B、where

C、when

D、how

20．20

第二十题选项

A、concerning

B、concluding

C、according

D、including

科学技术史试题(四)

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人教版高中英语必修一高一上学期英语期中考试题

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