连词用法

However

1. however作副词用时，表示“然而；但是”，可以位于句首、句中和句末；

位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；

位于句中时，其前后都要用逗号；

位于句末时,其前用逗号分开。例如:

She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.

她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。

His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.

他最初的反应是不同意，可是后来他改变了主意。

2. however与but 两者都做“但是，然而”讲，而且都引出并列句。从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味较however要强。从语序上看，but总是位于所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于句首、句中和句末，同时从标点符号上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开。

例如：

I thought those figures were correct. However, I have recently heard they were not.

我原以为那些数字正确无误，不过我最近听说并不正确。

3. however的其它用法：however可以作连词(conj.)，表示“无论以何种方式，不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。例如：

You can travel however you like.你可以随心所欲地去旅行。

However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。

As well as

as well as 是英语中常用的连接词，学生在使用时常常会出现错误，本文将其用法作以下简要归纳和说明。

1. as well as 可连接并列的单词或短语。例如：

It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter. 夏天不好过，冬天也不好过。

The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。

2. as well as 连接两个谓语动词时，它们的时态应保持一致。例如：

He publishes as well as prints his own books.

他的书是他自己印刷出版的。

We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.

我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。

*as well as 与动词连用时，其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well as 位于句首时，此时相当于in addition to。例如：As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.

他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。

She sings as well as playing the piano.

她不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。

3. 如果as well as 前面是动词不定式，那么其后的动词也是不定式，但to要省略。例如：

You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.

你不可能叫她既照顾孩子又做家务。

4. 由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数。例如：

Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.

海伦和我一样急于要看演出。

I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。

5. as well as 连接的人称代词既可以是主格也可以是宾格，但句意不同。例如：

They have invited you as well as me. 他们邀请了我，也邀请了你。（you和me都作invited的宾语）

They have invited you as well as I. 他们和我一样都邀请了你。（they和I都作invited的主语）

6. as well as 用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as 和not搭配使用，as well as 位于not前时，两者均否定；位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。例如：

George, as well as his brother, has gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟一样都出国了。

George hasn”t gone abroad a s well as his brother. 乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。（他兄弟一人出国）George, as well as his brother, hasn”t gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。

7. as well as 在意义上通常强调前者，而not only …but also在意义上则强调后者。例如：

He”s got a car as well as a motorbike. 他不但有一辆摩托车，而且有一辆小汽车。

（= He”s got not only a motorbike but also a car. ）

8. 注意as well as 有时会引起歧义句。例如：

He can speak french as well as English.

（1）他会说英语，也会说法语。

（2）他说法语能说得像英语一样好。（…as well as he speaks English）

Neither ...nor

neither...nor...表示"既不……也不……"。

其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如：

She likes neither butter nor cheese.（连接名词）她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。

She is neither clever nor hardworking. （连接形容词）她既不聪明，又不勤奋。

此句中neither...nor...连接两个宾语。

当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，也应遵循"就近原则"。例如：

Neither he nor she is at home today. （连接代词）今天他和她都不在家。

若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。

Either...or... neither...nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。

both...and表示两者都……

例：Both you and I are good students.

你和我都是好学生。

注意：动词谓语用复数

either...or表示两者中有一个，要么…要么

例：Either you or I am good students.

要么你是好学生，要么我是好学生。

注意：动词谓语就近原则。

neither...nor表示两者都不

例：neither you nor I am good students.

你和我都不是好学生。注意：动词谓语就近原则。

Therefore

therefore 就是因此的意思后面要紧跟一个句子后面没有逗号

so 可以说是所以的意思后面可以加逗号再加句子

另外，不能because...so 也不能because...therefore

在含义上，因此/所以，基本无区别

但是考试的时候最好用therefore 别用so

因为so比较简单，显得文章水平低而用therefore会显得你的作文更好，更容易引起阅卷人的注意，给阅卷人好的印象。

therefore有两种用法，一在整句中，一在分句中。

一、整句中时一般不放句末，句首后要有逗号，句中1、按一般副词使用2、做插入语

eg.1、Therefore，we must learn English well.

2、They therefore can learn English well.

3、Many fast food restaurant ,therefore, have red furniture or walls.

二、用在分句中，即一个句子一部分表示原因一部分表示结果。

这时一般词前要用分号，其后用不用逗号无所谓。若第二个分句前是逗号或无符号，则要注意therefore是副词，和so 不一样，要保持句子完整，应用and therefore。

eg.1、I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party.

2、I was ill, and therefore could not come.

3、These birds are very beautiful and therefore liked by many people.

注：therefore是副词，但有时具有连词作用

And

表示并列或对称的关系and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，可译为“和”、“并”、“又”、“兼”等。

如：

Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。（连接两个并列主语）

You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。（连接两个并列谓语）

They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语，我们教他们英语。（连接两个简单句）

如果连接两个以上的词语，通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；

为了强调，可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时，通常把较短的词语放在前面。如：

I like eggs，meat，rice，bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。

All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things.那天整个下午我又唱又跳，做各种各样的事情。

The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。

有些用and连接的词语，次序是固定的，不能随意改变。如：

men，women and children男人、妇女和儿童；fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等

But

作连词，可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句，意为“但是，然而”。如：

He is young but very experienced.

他虽然年轻，但很有经验。

Mary likes classical music, but her husband likes rock music.

玛丽喜欢古典音乐，而她的丈夫却喜欢摇滚乐。

注意：but不能与though/although连用。

So

so可用作副词和连词，作副词，可译作“这样地；像……一样；（……也）正是那样”.

作连词，可译作“所以；那么。”

1. so通常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前。

so修饰“a(an)＋形容词＋名词”时，排列顺序为“so＋形容词+a（an）＋名词”。如：

I”ve never seen so amusing a film. 我从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。

此时要注意与such的区别，即such修饰“a（an）+形容词＋名词”，排列顺序为such +a（an）+形容词＋名词。如：I”ve never seen such a beautiful lake. 我从未见过这么美丽的湖。

此时要注意：a, an置于such之后，但no,any, some, all, many等则置于such之前。如：

I”ve heard of some such rumors.

我听到过一些这样的谣传。

2. so＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）＋另一主语。

此句型是主谓倒装结构，表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语。其中so作“也这样；也如此”解。

此时要注意：so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致。如：

I enjoy reading the book and so does my wife. 我喜欢看这本书，我的妻子也喜欢。

so用于肯定句，否定句则用neither。如：

I don”t like carrots. 我不喜欢胡萝卜。

Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。

3. so ＋主语＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）此句型的主语与前一句的主语相同，因而主谓不倒装。

这种句型表示说话者对前句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同，其中so作“不错；确实如此”解。如：

－It is cold today. 今天天气很冷。

－So it is. 不错，是很冷。

－He studies hard. 他学习很努力。

－So he does.

For

for有很多种用法：

1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:

I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?

2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:

Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。

Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。

Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。

3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:

Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。

Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。

4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:

I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。

We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。

5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:

Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。

I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。

I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。

6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:

It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。

Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。

7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:

Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?

8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:

Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁?

For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。

Or

连词or在初中英语中是个常用，虽然它只有一个词性，但它却有不同的使用情况。现将主要用法分述如下：

一、用在选择疑问句中连结被选择的对象，意为“或者，还是”。例如：

Is he a doctor or a teacher? 他是医生还是教师？

Did you do your homework or watch TV last night?你昨晚做作业还是看电视了？

Are they singing or reading English? 他们是在唱歌还是在读英语？

下列两个疑问句中的并列成份由于使用了不同的连词，因而句式有所不同。试比较：

A、Does he like milk or bread? 他喜欢牛奶还是面包吗？

B、Does he like milk or bread? 他喜欢牛奶还是面包？

分析：A 句中使用了连词and,是一般疑问句，对其作肯定或否定回答应用：Yes, he does. No, he doesn't句中使用了并列连词or,因而是选择疑问句，对其回答不用“yes”或“no”，而应根据实际情况直接选择回答：He likes milk.或：He likes bread.

二、用于否定句中连结并列成分，表示“和，与”之意。例如：

There isn't any air or water on the moon.月球上既没有空气也没有水。

The baby is too young. He can't speak or walk.那婴儿太小，他不会说话，也不会走路。

He hasn't got any brothers or sisters.他没有兄弟和姐妹。

肯定句中并列连词应用and，在把含有and的肯定句改为否定句时，莫忘把连词and改为or。例如：

The students sang and danced in the park yesterday.→The students didn't sing or dance in the park yesterday.

三、用于句型“祈使句+or+陈述句”中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”。例如：

Work hard,or you will fall behind.你要努力学习，否则会落后。

Get up early tomorrow,or you will miss the early train.你明天要早点起身，要不然就赶不上早班火车了。

Don't jump the queue,or other peopoe will not be pleased.别插队，否则别人会不高兴的。

可以把这类句型中的祈使句换为一个条件句（注意改写时应去掉连词or）。例如：

Hurry up,or you will be late for the meeting.→If you don't hurry up,you will be late for the meeting.

四、用于“either…or…”结构中，意为“不是……就是……”，“要么……要么……”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。（注意：连结并列成份作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。）例如：

Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。（连接主语）

The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小（连接表语）

He either does his homework or watches TV on Sundays.他星期天要么做作业，要么看电视。（连接谓语）

We play either football or basketball in the afternoon.下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。（连接宾语）

五、用于连结并列成份，表示不确切、模糊的陈述。例如：

This story happened five or six years ago. 这个故事发生在四、五年前。

--Is the street straight? --More or less.

--这棵树直吗？--差不多。

She will find that she was wrong sooner or later.她迟早会发现她是错的

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