游园翻译赏析

牡丹亭游园惊梦

【步步娇】〔旦〕袅晴丝吹来闲庭院，摇漾春如线。停半晌、整花钿。没揣菱花，偷人半面，迤逗的彩云偏。〔行介〕步香闺怎便把全身现！〔贴〕今日穿插的好。

【醉扶归】〔旦〕你道翠生生出落的裙衫儿茜，艳晶晶花簪八宝填，可知我常一生儿爱好是天然。恰三春好处无人见。不堤防沉鱼落雁鸟惊喧，则怕的羞花闭月花愁颤。〔贴〕早茶时了，请行。〔行介〕你看：“画廊金粉半零星，池馆苍苔一片青。踏草怕泥新绣袜，惜花疼煞小金铃。”〔旦〕不到园林，怎知春色如许！

【皂罗袍】原来姹紫嫣红开遍，似这般都付与断井颓垣。良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院！恁般景致，我老爷和奶奶再不提起。〔合〕朝飞暮卷，云霞翠轩；雨丝风片，烟波画船――锦屏人忒看的这韶光贱！〔贴〕是花都放了，那牡丹还早。

【好姐姐】〔旦〕遍青山啼红了杜鹃，荼靡外烟丝醉软。春香啊，牡丹虽好，他春归怎占的先！〔贴〕成对儿莺燕啊。〔合〕闲凝眄，生生燕语明如翦，呖呖莺歌溜的圆。〔旦〕去罢。〔贴〕这园子委是观之不足也。〔旦〕提他怎的！

第一支曲子

解说：莺儿鸣叫婉转催梦醒，心儿被处处春光撩乱。孤零零伫立在重宅深院。熏沐的沉香烧尽，残断的绣线抛完，为什么今年思春的情怀胜过去年?

鉴赏：曲中展示了怎样的景?透出了怎样的情?

提示：一边是莺啭催动的无限春光，一边是枯燥单调的闺阁寂寞。这种一动一静、一闹一寂的强烈反差，催动着少女思春的情怀，因此，一句“恁今春关情似去年”自问，把意欲挣脱束缚、向往自由(大好春光)的热望，淋漓尽致地表达出来了。

第二支曲子

解说：晴空的庭院游丝如烟，春在飘荡的游丝上呈现。刚迈步又迟延，退而回房理花钿，没想到菱花镜偷照了半个颜面，害得我将发髻梳偏。步出闺阁羞将身姿显现。

鉴赏：从游园前的整装美容，可以看出杜丽娘怎样的心理活动?怎么去理解这种心理活动? 提示：欲行又止，想扮得和春色相当；整装美容后，第一次从镜中惊奇地发现自己的俊美，使自己情不自禁、羞答答的将发髻也弄歪，还故意自我埋怨，写出了少女含情脉脉、自我欣赏的微妙心理。杜丽娘的这一发现极为重要。它更激发了杜丽娘对美好生活的向往，对美好爱情的追求。

第三支曲子

解说：你说红裙衫显现得色彩鲜艳，嵌着宝石的头簪亮闪闪。这正是我爱美天性的表现。正愁我的美貌和情思无人识见，没担心沉鱼落雁鸟惊喧，只恐怕春花羞愧愁绪添。

鉴赏：对春香的赞赏，杜丽娘是怎样回答的?从回答中，我们可以看出她什么样的心情?

提示：一方面对自己的美貌毫无掩饰的自我欣赏，一方面又为自己的美貌和情思无人赏识而惋惜。这里的惋惜不是孤芳自赏的矜持，而是一种无人理解、知音难觅的感慨。这样就形成了形体美、情思深与心灵空、意念虚的巨大反差，深刻地表现了杜丽娘面对大好春色，心情想有寄托的希望之情。

小结：这三支曲子写的是杜丽娘游园前的心理活动，表达的是她想寻找春天、寄托情思的热望。其中，有思春的兴奋，赞春的惊喜，惜春的感慨，当然，这“春”，既包含着“春光”“春色”，也包含着“春情”“春思”。

第四支曲子

解说：没想到春花灿烂开遍，可惜是开在破败冷寂的庭院。可叹春色美好春光虚度的日子难捱，那赏心的乐事、欢欣的快意不知落在谁家院?瑰丽的楼阁飞檐，华丽的亭台栏槛；细雨丝丝、轻风片片，烟雾笼罩、游船斑斓，——深闺人领略这大好春色太难!

鉴赏：杜丽娘面对着怎样的春色?她的心里在怎样活动?

提示：面对的是由近及远的红花紫蓓、亭台楼阁、细雨轻风、烟雾游船，这是一片动人的春景。在这样的春景中，先是惋惜只有“断井颓垣”相伴，后是感叹“忒看的这韶光贱”，核心是“良辰美景奈何天，赏心乐事谁家院”的惆怅郁闷。通过杜丽娘的直白，以“乐景”写“哀心”，“倍增其哀”，宣泄了杜丽娘内心的郁闷，表达了她追求自由的热望。

第五支曲子

解说：杜鹃花红遍了青山，荼花外游丝飘忽柔软。春香呵，牡丹虽好，哪能开在百花之先!凝神听，燕子的清脆叫声明快如剪，黄莺流啭的歌声柔和润圆。

鉴赏：怎样理解“春香呵，牡丹虽好，他春归怎占得先”?

提示：字面上的意思是，牡丹虽然美艳，但它迟至暮春才开花，不能开在百花之先。其实这是杜丽娘以牡丹自比，哀叹自己的青春被耽搁了。

第六支曲子

解说：看不厌的春色无限留恋，即使赏遍十二亭台也是枉然。倒不如就此尽兴回房打发日子暗自怜。

鉴赏：“枉然”、“过遣”是一种什么样的心境?为什么会产生这样的心境?

提示：“枉然”，是一种得不到任何收获或满足的失望；“过遣”，是一种打发日子的无可奈何。这两种心境都出自惆怅、忧伤。曲中不著修饰的白描出来，更显得真切动人。这种心境是对自己青春逝去的感伤，也是对礼教束缚的愤懑。透过感伤和愤懑，我们可以看到对自由、幸福的热望和追求。

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解（1） I.英汉之间的差别： “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种： 1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）. 译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。 5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。

英汉翻译复习资料

2015-2016上学期英汉翻译复习资料 考试题型：理论填空（10%）、习语翻译（10%）、句子翻译（30%）、语篇翻译（50%）（有的只需翻译划线部分，请注意！） 考试时间：2016.1.21 10：40-12：20 一、填空，共5小题 1. 1964年, 奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》(Toward a Science of Translating)一书中 将译文读者引入翻译标准，提出了功能对等翻译的翻译原则。 2. 英语长难句汉译方法有：顺译法、逆译法、拆译法和综合法。 3. 按翻译手段而言，翻译可分为：口译（又可分为即席翻译和同声传译）、笔 译、机器翻译等。 4. 汉语主要靠词序（按时间先后，因果先后等逻辑顺序）和内在意义结合，汉 语没有或极少使用衔接手段，属意合语言（语义的意会性）。 5. 20世纪50年代初，傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中提出了“所求的不在 形似而在神似”的重要观点；60年代初，钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出了“化境”的翻译标准。 6.18世纪末叶，英国爱丁堡大学历史学教授、翻译理论家泰特勒在《翻译原 理简论》一文中提出了“翻译三原则”，此三原则与严复的信达雅有异曲同工之妙。 7. 中国译论中不同时期的翻译标准可大致描述为：案本—求信—神似—化境— 忠实、通顺—翻译标准多元互补论。 8. 受“中庸”哲学思想的影响，中国人的美学观念中特别强调平衡美，所以汉 语中除了极为频繁使用对仗这一修辞格，还大量使用四字词组。在英汉互译中要时刻考虑汉语这一特点。 9. 辜正坤在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”，在该 理论体系中，提出了翻译的最高标准是最佳近似度，这是一个形同虚设的抽象标准，真正有意义的是一大群具体标准。 10. 根据源语和目的语进行分类，翻译可分为语内翻译、语际翻译和符际翻译。

关于经典英文诗歌赏析

英语诗歌以其独特的文体形式充分调动、发挥语言的各种潜能，使之具有特殊的感染力。读来隽永，富有音韵美。下面是是由带来的关于经典英文诗歌，欢迎阅读! 【篇一】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 I Started Early - Took My Dog Emily Dickinson (1830-86) I started Early - Took my Dog And visited the Sea The Mermaids in the Basement Came out to look at me And Frigates - in the Upper Floor Extended Hempen Hands Presuming Me to be a Mouse Aground - upon the Sands But no Man moved Me - till the Tide Went past my simple Shoe And past my Apron - and my Belt And past my Bodice - too And made as He would eat me up As wholly as a Dew Upon a Dandelion's Sleeve And then - I started - too And He - He followed - close behind I felt His Silver Heel Upon my Ankle - Then my Shoes

Would overflow with Pearl Until We met the Solid Town No One He seemed to know And bowing - with a Mighty look At me - The Sea withdrew 【篇二】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 The Wild Swans At Coole William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirror a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans. The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count; I saw, before I had well finished, All suddenly mount And scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings. I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All's changed since I, hearing at twilight, The first time on this shore,

常见英文合同翻译与详解

常见英文合同翻译与详解

引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，

英语美文欣赏带翻译

Friends or 'Enemies?' When I was younger, my Dad used to tell me: "Boys don't want to be your friend." He then left the rest to my imagination. At the time, I didn't agree. I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person (but not in an annoying way). What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl? Turns out, my Dad was right. Not to be all "Samantha Brick" about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive. This of course is not a revolutionary concept. In fact, it seems pretty natural to me. Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual. But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9? Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? 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