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2015年5月30日托福阅读真题回顾

2015年5月30日托福阅读真题回顾
2015年5月30日托福阅读真题回顾

2015年5月30日托福阅读真题回顾

词汇题汇总:

第一篇:戏剧艺术与电影等录下来的表演不同,演员会因观众的反馈而感到兴奋,从而达成表演中演员与观众的交流。因此,许多电影演员会隔一段时间就回去表演戏剧。看戏剧的观众会因为一个时间段来看同一台戏,喜欢同一个演员而形成一个圈子,而看电视和电影更多还是自己观赏,不会形成这种交流,也就不会产生如大家一起鼓掌等强烈的反馈。而且,观众鼓掌不仅为演员也为自己,因为他们理解并欣赏了演出。戏剧演出不会像固定在录制电影中的表演那样毫无差错,演员的表演每晚都有微妙的差别。虽然只有行家才能看出来,但参与戏剧制作的工作人员对此一清二楚,并知道正是如此,戏剧才如此与众不同。演员会根据前几晚的表演自我提升,并时刻因有犯错的可能而警醒着,其他剧场人员也是如此, 而正是如此,戏剧表演如此令人兴奋。

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TPO-1 The Origins of Theater

第二篇:许多因素影响海洋生态环境,太阳辐射对水体的影响也很重要。99%的辐射在浅层的50-100m被吸收,长波辐射先被吸收,短波辐射会到更深处,这也是大海看起来蔚蓝的原因。大部分有机物只能在浅层存活,因为此处有光可以进行光合作用,例如在海岸存活的K生物。尽管能够有生物存在,它们也往往是单细胞的。由于浅层水温高而底层低,会存在一个水温变化的临界点。在水体深处,黑暗而缺乏氧气,但一些金属元素营养会下沉。季节性的一种风会有助于水体内垂直方向的交换,表层氧气下去而底层营养上来,从而养更多的生物。但热带地区的湖泊缺乏这种交换,就要靠流入的径流带来表层营养。

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相关背景:

Ocean currents greatly affect Earth's climate by transferring heat from the tropics to the polar regions. Transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal regions, winds may carry them inland. Surface heat and freshwater fluxes create global density gradients that drive the thermohaline circulation part of large-scale ocean circulation. It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. Changes in the thermohaline circulation are thought to have significant impacts on Earth's radiation budget. In so far as the thermohaline circulation governs the rate at which deep waters reach the surface, it may also significantly influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

For a discussion of the possibilities of changes to the thermohaline circulation under global warming, see shutdown of thermohaline circulation.

It is often stated that the thermohaline circulation is the primary reason that the climate of Western Europe is so temperate. An alternate hypothesis claims that this is largely incorrect, and that Europe is warm mostly because it lies downwind of an ocean basin, and because atmospheric waves bring warm air north from the subtropics.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current encircles that continent, influencing the area's climate and connecting currents in several oceans.

One of the most dramatic forms of weather occurs over the oceans: tropical cyclones (also called "typhoons" and "hurricanes" depending upon where the system forms).

第三篇:预测地震的方式中,一种是long-term,会分析以往地震数据,预测特定地区未来地震发生的时间间隔。另一种short-term, 会根据地面上各种变化来预测地震。比如石块也许会膨胀,因为地下微波的影响。地下水的变化也会有影响(这段具体的忘了)。这种猜测建立了五种模式,但实际的地震预测要比这复杂许多,然后举了个具体案例。

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An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. Earthquakes have destroyed whole cities. They result from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly

on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter magnitude scale. These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity. Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth. The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude. The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of March 2014), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began. Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal.

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