笔译第十三篇中文摘要翻译

第十三章中文摘要翻译

教学目的：通过对比分析，了解中文摘要的表述特点, 以及常用的语言转换方式。

教学重点：如何翻译中文摘要。

教学方式：讨论、比较法、分析法、多媒体教学。

摘要是根据论文各部分要点按照摘要体裁规范而拟定的短文，是论文内容的浓缩。摘要翻译其质量的优劣直接影响文件的检索和信息、成果的传播语交流。摘要大致分三种：信息型摘要、描述型摘要和评价型摘要，通常包括：背景、目的、方法、结果、结论等（由于字数限制，背景句甚至目的句都可以省略）。

背景句：介绍研究的背景、现状和问题；

目的句：叙述研究的前提、目的、任务和所涉及的主题范围；

方法句：陈述研究所使用的原理、手段、程序等；

结果句：陈述研究的结果、效果、数据、性能等；

结论句：陈述对研究结果地分析、比较、应用，或根据结果提出问题、建议、预测等。

摘要的翻译应准确无误地反映原文内容，不能疏漏，否则将降低摘要的参考价值。英文摘要中应尽量避免使用缩略语，如有必要，应在首次使用时，加括号注明。

13．1 论翻译选择的目的性

摘要：翻译过程是一个涉及多种选择的复杂过程，而每一次翻译行为和参与者所做出的种种选择都是诸多层次的目的决定的。本文首先介

绍了翻译的目的论，提出了翻译目的的多层次性，然后通过对翻译过程中各种层面选择的详细分析，指出针对翻译行为的一切选择无不有其内在的目的性。文章还借助翻译活动中的若干典型实例，说明翻译过程中的选择以及翻译行为的目的都要受到文本外诸多因素的影响

与制约。

关键词：翻译；选择；层次性；目的论

On the Purposiveness of Selection in Translation

Abstract: The process of translation is complex and involves various selections. Each translation action and the selection involved are regulated or directed by purpose at different levels. This paper begins with an introduction of skopos theory. Then, it puts forward the idea of “multi-leveledness of translation purpose”a nd, through the method of detailed analysis, it highlights the inherent purposiveness of all selections necessitated by translation actions. Furthermore, the paper employs concrete and representative example of translation activities to bring out the point that the selections made in the process of translation and purpose behind every single translation action are both influenced and constrained by a variety of extratextual factors.

Key words: translation; selection; hierarchy;

skopos theory

13．2 记忆与英语学习

摘要：从信息处理模型的角度看，记忆在语言学习中占有中心的地位。

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Key words: memory; comprehensible input; schemata; declarative

knowledge;

procedural knowledge

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翻译三级笔译实务-1 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ English Chinese Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：60.00) 1.A few weeks back, I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school. Referring to stress, she heaved a big sigh and said: "Aiyah, anything bad that can happen has already happened." Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard, and so on. Pessimism again, in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system, widely regarded as too results-oriented, and I wonder why I even bothered to ask. The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture, which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves. Such a culture is hard to change. So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves. The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister, formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's: cash, condos, clubs, credit cards and cars, to help prepare the nation for the future. It is good that the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence. This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit—the family. Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life. If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass. In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveler, I will say. And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky. That's my point. Parents should teach their children that there's more to life than studies. Better still if the nation's leaders echo that idea as well. This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won't feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe. However, the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking Singapore Committee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education. It is now wait-and-see if, say, 10 years down the road, more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully, by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams. （分数：60.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：几个星期前，我问一个14岁的朋友她如何应对自己的学业。谈到压力，她深叹一口气说：“哎呀，这儿事要多糟，有多糟。” 随后，她周围的朋友便开始就他们认为那些难学的学科倾诉自己的苦恼。人们普遍认为，新加坡的教育制度过分注重成绩，而这些孩子耳熟能详的言晤再次表现了对新加坡教育制度的悲观情绪。我不知道自己为什么还要费心一问。追求功课得优的学校体制构成了新加坡文化的基础，这一文化重在追求经济上的杰出成就，而这一成就则体现在一定要获得财富和地位。这种文化是难以改变的。新成立的改造新加坡委员会已将其目标之一确定为向传统的成功之路发起挑战，鼓励新加坡人去从事其它职业，如艺术，体育、研究或成为企业家。当我获知此情时，我怀疑如果没有家长的配合，这方面的改造

翻译常用词汇

翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.