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原创词汇
原创词汇

【勤径微风原创】考研英语词汇背诵及串联详细指导

本文档内容作者勤径论坛mybreeze77,转载请保证文档完整性并注明出处,请尊重作者劳动成果。

本文从词汇的背诵以及词汇的串联记忆两方面展开,给大家在漫漫词汇路上指出一条效率较高的路线。我曾在上次发布的经验帖里谈到,词汇的记忆是没有捷径的,所以大家不要拘泥于市面上繁多的词汇记忆技巧上,不论是什么高深的技巧,你都必须要至少记忆5500 个单词,这才是最大的实际。希望你阅读了这篇文章之后,找到适合自己的记忆方法,把其他的诸如“魔鬼记忆XX”、“超强N 天突破XX 词”这样的书先放一边,踏踏实实坚持下去,一定能成功。

统述考研词汇特点一般来说,考试对词汇的要求分为两类,一类是考第一词义,另一类是考熟

词辟义,考研属于后者,所以考研所考察的是词汇的深度,非词汇的广度,这一点大家要贯穿于词汇背诵的方方面面,平时要多在具体语境中去理解,多掌握一些引申义,是有帮助的,否则的话,就容易陷入一个数量递增的误区中去。

为了让大家更明确的理解考研词汇与四、六级考试的区别,我举几个具体的例子分析一下:

以下是从四级,六级,考研的完型填空部分摘录下来的选项:四级:A vision B glimpse C look D scene 六

级:A homogeneous B spontaneous C instantaneous D harmonious

考研:A group B individual C personnel D corporation 四六级关注词汇量的横向扩展,所以倾向于考查难词,上述四级的题目即使没有题干,也可知道C 不可能成为答案,而要蒙的话,B 可能性较大。六级对词汇量要求达到顶峰,往往四个选项都很吓人,如果有难有易,初级词汇也极少成为答案。再看在考研题中,选项设置本来就极少有生僻词,最后答案更常常是易中之易。所以上题答案选A 这样一个初级词汇,在四六级中是难以想象的。可见考研的考察重点已经转移,不再是词汇量的问题了,对于一个词汇理解的深度,才是重点。

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考研英语中让人头疼的是这样一种现象:一个十分熟悉的词,按原意却根本无法理解。最后理解出来,发现意思已经发生变化,这就是所谓的“熟词僻义”,也就是一个熟悉的词有一些生僻的意义。其实在这一点上,考研对词汇的要求是顺应英语的语言特征的,正所谓没有语境就没有词义,也就是说,脱离上下文,就不能断然说一个词是什么意义,只有结合语境,才能确定在此时此地词义是什么。下面再举一个例子:

The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if their immune systems had crashed.

以“发展”来理解这里的develop, 不知所云。事实上,develop 还有“得(某种疾病)” 的意思。理解这个句子,关键不是develop 的这个具体的意义是否记得的问题,而是不愿意承认如此熟悉的词竟会有其它含义的心理障碍。其实只要意识每个词的意义随时都可能改变,通过上下文理解这个句子本不难。主语是“老鼠”,宾语是“细菌感染”,很容易猜出是前者得上后者这种病。

所以,考研英语复习,一定要更多着眼于一词多义,特别是培养通过语境猜测词义的意识和习惯。不知道大家看了以上两个例子之后,有什么启发,考研的词汇记忆绝不是拿本单词书往死里背就能搞定的,你的阅读书,甚至是作文书也许比单词书更为重要。

第一篇词汇背诵方法这一篇讲的主要是纯粹地词汇记忆,列举了一些常

用的词汇记忆方法供大家

选择和采用,希望大家找准一种方法,不断地背,不断地忘,再不断地背,即使记忆很浅也没关系,可以通过阅读和其他各种方式加深其印象,多角度切入,解决5500 个单词并不难的。

1.正序法:最传统的背诵方法,从字母A 到字母Z,逐次记忆,这种方法适合第一遍背诵,计划性比较强,但是需要毅力,很多同学背A 时信心百倍,背B 时备受打击,背C 时彻底崩溃,这是需要避免的。

2.逆序法:这种方法实际是与正序法配合的用法,可以采用一遍正序一遍逆序的方式,这样能避免词汇记忆的副效果,如:一个人正儿八经地从头正序背了5 遍GRE 词汇,结果考试考到这个词时,他能准确地记得这个单词在他使用的

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那个版本的单词书的某一页的具体位置,但是却怎么也想不起这个单词的意思了,这就是副效果。

3.乱序法:这类方法在市面上比较多的词汇书上的体现就是词频记忆,完全不按照字母排列,而是按词频排列,这是一种挺不错的记忆方法,如果自身的单词量还可以的,建议采用这种方法。

4.词根词缀记忆法:我将其定义为“高端记忆法”,这种方法植根于英语词汇的源头-拉丁文,这里我不展开讲,推荐一本书《英语词汇的奥秘》,作者蒋真,对于英语词汇量和语感都很好的同学,可以使用这种方法,能帮助你成百上千的增加词汇量;如果基础一般,这种方法并不适合你,不过在记忆某些单词上适当应用一下,也是可以的。

5.狂轰滥炸法:下面介绍宏观的背诵方法,这种方法是以量取胜,一下子就背500 个单词,毫无疑问,第2 天起床发现忘了90%,

住了不少。实际上,这种方法的反复进行是符合语言记忆规律的,因为“接触过”和“完全陌生”是两种截然不同的感觉。接触过了,下一次再接触时就会产生似曾相识的感觉,这对单词的记忆是很有利的。

6.归类记忆法:将一类词或同主题的词一起记忆,比如bachelor master doctor 就可以一起记忆,另外,这样的记忆法要贯彻到阅读理解中去,比如在某篇阅读中你遇到了一个生词ambassador(大使),那么你就要联想到与其一类的还有什么你接触过的单词,如:counselor(参赞),consul(领事)等,请大家再想一想有哪些词和president(总统)是一类词。

7.比较记忆法:这种方法不同于传统的词义辨析,我举个例子:

doubt 和suspect 都有“怀疑”的意思,但是完全不一样。

I doubt the bus has already left. 意为:我觉得汽车还没走。

I suspect the bus has already left. 意为:我觉得汽车已经走了。如果没有比

较,没有分析,永远也无法理解这两个词的深层次意义,所以词

汇的记忆不仅仅是一本单词书的事情,大家应该能感受到。请大家通过比较记忆法理解:investigate, survey, inquire 和probe 这四个都有

“调查”意思的单词的区别,希望在论坛看到大家的讨论。

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第二篇词汇串联记忆

上面已经谈到过,词汇是构成语言的基本原素,就像砌房的砖块一样,它们是构成句、章的最基本原素;离开词汇,一切的语言表达就失去了实际意义。单纯地死记硬背,不仅不利于词汇的理解,而且也是阅读能力不强,作文水平不高的一个因素,因为靠硬背下来的词汇都是消极词汇,只懂几个意思,不知道在具体语境中如何应用,在作文中,需要大量的积极词汇的使用,部分同学就感到没词可用了,就是这个道理。这一篇主要谈一下词汇的串联记忆,非单纯地记忆词汇,事实上,如果大家能熟练应用这种方法,可以在平时不知不觉中就记住很多常用词。

1.纵向记忆法:这种方法是指在词汇记忆中,注重词汇的纵深记忆,比如词汇本身的各种形式以及词汇的各种搭配等,比如在学习了succeed 这个单词后,就要联想到诸如succeed in doing sth.|| a success || successful || make a success of it 等等,在学到了call on 之后,要想到call up/ call in/ call off/call for/ call by 等,不断地增加词汇的延伸,请大家想一想,如果你学到了orient 这个单词,你会想到哪些变化,如果你在大街上看到中石化的加油站SINOPEC,你又会想到什么?

2.横向记忆法:这种方法是指横向找词汇的近义词,形近词或是易混淆词,也就是常说的词义辨析,大家要和上一篇的比较记忆法作区分。横向法不必专门练习,但要形成意识,遇到单词要敏感,能想到以前还有哪个单词与其接近的,贯彻在平时,诸如完形填空这样的题目是完全不必专门练习的。

请大家辨析这组形又近意又近的单词:gain || attain || sustain || abstain || obtain 说出它们的区别是什么?

3.阅读联系记忆法:这种方法在上面已经反复提到了。统计表明,在阅读文章中,尤其在和考研题材相近的阅读文章中,词汇的重复率是很高的,很有可能在考试中就会再次遇到,这点我自己的感触是很深的,事实上我自己也是一直使用这个方法去做的,这次考研英语的作文题出现了“火锅”,很多同学不知道火锅这个单词怎么写,我在考前做到过一篇阅读,讲的是美国是文化大熔炉,熔炉:melt pot,自然联想起了火锅:hot pot,有同学问:为什么不是fire pot 呢?因为我曾经对火锅这个单词有似曾相识的印象,就是关键pot 这个点,与melt pot 串联起来了,由此可见阅读联系的重要性。

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4.作文联系记忆法:这种方法不是我首创的,有位做英语研究的教师创造了这个方法,他首先在高中教学中试点了这个方法,效果相当好,我简单地说一下:每天记忆10 个单词,并且要求利用这10 个相关联的词用一个小故事或记日记的形式构成一篇小短文,使得它有血有肉,其内容可以以自己所熟悉的学校生活和工作为主,比如:care for, fake, standard, conscience, wage, badly off, firm, ambition, indeed, noble.这10 个单词,有同学形成了下面这篇文章

Tom, a business man with good conscience, always cares for the old who are badly off. He never sells fake products to customers, for every product sold in his firm can stand the test of quality standards. In addition, he treats his workers as his own brothers and sisters who can get enough wages to feed a whole family. Generally speaking, he is indeed a noble man with ambition to reward the society.

你相信这是一个刚上高中的学生写出来的吗?但事实就是如此。对于考研的学生,也许没有这个条件,没有这个精力采用这种方法,但我想,思想是共通的,方法是无限的,如果你能够受此启发,找到一种能激发自身兴趣的方法,你会发现,记忆词汇本不需要那么刻意,那么强迫,那么乏味,完全可以是快乐的、主动的,如果达到了这个层次,你离成功就已经不远了。

欢迎大家前往勤径论坛https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8914888005.html, 讨论交流学习。

微风(mybreeze77)

于2010 年1 月28 日凌晨

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常见翻译词汇(专题篇)

六级翻译词汇经济篇: 宏观经济macro economy 社会主义市场经济socialist market economy 知识经济knowledge economy 网络经济Internet-based economy 经济规律law of economy 大规模生产mass production 生产力productive forces 生产关系relations of production 公有制public ownership 私有制private ownership 国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 私营企业private business 民营企业privately-run business 中小企业small and medium enterprises (SMEs) 连锁企业franchise / chain business 国民生产总值Gross National Product (GNP) 国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

实际增长率growth rate in real terms 年均增长率average growth rate per annum 可持续增长sustainable growth 经济效益economic returns 投资回报率rate of return on investment 衰退recession 宏观调控macro control 提高经济效益enhance economic performance 扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one 优化经济结构optimize economic structure 扩大内需expand domestic demand 国计民生national interest and people’s livelihood 经济特区special economic zones “十二五规划“ the 12th Five-Year Plan for National and Economic and Social Development 风险投资venture investment 经济繁荣economic boom

常用翻译词汇

一、组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇 Assembly line组装线 Layout布置图 Conveyer流水线物料板 Rivet table拉钉机 Rivet gun拉钉枪 Screw driver起子 Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌 OOBA开箱检查 fit together组装在一起 fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet栈板 barcode条码 barcode scanner条码扫描器 fuse together熔合 fuse machine热熔机 repair修理 operator作业员 QC品管 supervisor 课长 ME制造工程师 MT制造生技 cosmetic inspect外观检查 inner parts inspect内部检查 thumb screw大头螺丝 lbs. inch镑、英寸 EMI gasket导电条 front plate前板 rear plate后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel面板 power button电源按键 reset button重置键 Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试 V oltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键 sheet metal parts 冲件 plastic parts塑胶件 SOP制造作业程序 material check list物料检查表 work cell工作间 trolley台车 carton纸箱 sub-line支线 left fork叉车QC Section品管科 stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂 molding factory成型厂 common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手 hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床 planer |'plein |刨床 miller铣床 grinder磨床 driller??床 linear cutting线切割 electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机 staker=reviting machine铆合机 position职务 president董事长 general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长 department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor课长 deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长 group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长 assistant manager助理 to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库 pack packing包装 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 锉毛刺 final inspection终检 to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台 Tiana天那水 cleaning cloth抹布 to load material上料 to unload material卸料 to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skr?pid|报废 scrape ..v.刮;削 deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程 不良 oxidation |' ksi'dei n|氧化 scratch刮伤 dents压痕 defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块 feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲 production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件 forklift叉车 trailer=long vehicle拖板车 compound die合模 die locker锁模器 pressure plate=plate pinch压板 bolt螺栓 name of a department部门名称 administration/general affairs dept总务 部 automatic screwdriver电动启子 thickness gauge厚薄规 gauge(or jig)治具 power wire电源线 buzzle蜂鸣器 defective product label不良标签 identifying sheet list标示单 screwdriver holder起子插座 pedal踩踏板 stopper阻挡器 flow board流水板 hydraulic handjack油压板车 forklift叉车 pallet栈板 glove(s)手套 glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套 thumb大拇指 forefinger食指 midfinger中指 ring finger无名指 little finger小指 band-aid创可贴 iudustrial alcohol工业酒精 alcohol container沾湿台 head of screwdriver起子头 sweeper扫把 mop拖把 vaccum cleaner吸尘器 rag 抹布 garbage container灰箕

网络词汇翻译

1. 团购 group-buying/team-buying (参考)groupon=group coupon 2. 秒杀 seckill (参考)instant kill/ instant buy/flash buy/snatch buy/panic buy 3. 酒后代驾 designated driver=DD(与“酒后”有关系) (参考)substitute driver(意义更广泛,不一定是“酒后”) 引申:劝酒:(参考)courtesy drinking/Chinese-style toast 罚酒:(参考)forfeit drinking 敬酒toast of respect/propose a toast 4. 桌游 board role-playing games; (参考)RPG ( role-playing games)/table-top games(包括board games, RPG, etc.)5. 被就业/被代表 be said to have found jobs/be said to be represented (参考)be declared/be alleged/allegedly 6. 裸捐、裸官 donate his entire fortune to charity after his death (all-out donation) (参考)naked officials(第一次出现时,后面一定要加解释) 7. 裸婚 naked marriage(第一次出现时,后面一定要加解释) (参考)simplistic marriage/bare-handed marriage 8. 胶囊公寓 capsule apartment 9. 游街示众 shame parade/public shaming 9. 名著翻拍 remake/re-produce 10. 拜金女 material girl 引申:傍大款的人gold digger 被傍的大款sugar daddy 11. 富士康“几连跳” (参考)copycat suicide 12. 地沟油 swill-cooked dirty oil (参考)hogwash oil/waste oil/recycled cooking oil(后面可跟解释) 13. 诈捐 unfulfilled payment (参考)骗捐:charity fraud 14. 蜗居 dwelling narrowness(电视剧剧名的译文)/dwelling in a narrow

最全6w伪原创近义词库、同义词库(含英文)

3万同义词库伪原创近义词效果很好天昏地暗←暗无天日 窃笑←暗笑 阴影←暗影 切口←暗语 黑暗←暗中 邋遢←肮脏 抬头←昂首 傲睨一世←昂首望天 高昂←昂扬 洼地←凹地 高低←凹凸 折磨←熬煎 锻炼←熬炼 飞翔←翱翔 高傲←傲岸 狂妄←傲慢 渺视←傲睨 傲世轻物←傲睨万物 傲睨万物←傲睨一世 傲睨万物←傲世轻物

睥睨←傲视 坚贞不屈←傲雪欺霜 骄兵必败←傲卒多败 骄兵必败←傲卒多降 秘密←奥秘 秘密←奥密 玄妙←奥妙 悔恨←懊悔 烦恼←懊恼 悔恨←懊丧 四行孤军←八百壮士 才高八斗←八斗之才 四面楚歌←八方受敌 八棍子撂不着←八竿子打不着陈腔滥调←八股 稀奇古怪←八怪七喇 八竿子打不着←八棍子撂不着不相上下←八两半斤 五花八门←八门五花 八面玲珑←八面见光 八面见光←八面玲珑 四面楚歌←八面受敌

气势汹汹←八面威风发草帖←八字帖 逢迎←巴结 渴望←巴望 翦绺←扒手 废除←拔除 起锚←拔锚 适得其反←拔苗助长选取←拔取 扶植←拔擢 猖←跋扈 进退失据←跋前疐后动辄得咎←跋前踬后后记←跋文 促膝谈心←把臂而谈痛处←把柄 操纵←把持 切脉←把脉 看管←把守 戏弄←把玩簸弄 当心←把稳 驾驭←把握

花招←把戏 歇工←罢工 而已←罢了 撤职←罢免 歇手←罢手 放手←罢休 蛮横←霸道 机谋←霸术 攻克←霸占 呆子←白痴 白费←白搭 鹤发←白发 皓首苍颜←白发苍颜庞眉皓发←白发银须白搭←白费 枉费心机←白费心血口语←白话 光阴似箭←白驹过隙石蜡←白腊 洋蜡←白蜡 白天←白日 白日升天←白日飞升

白日飞升←白日升天 空手←白手 自食其力←白手起家 老人←白叟 白昼←白天 白净←白皙 沧海桑田←白云苍狗 碧眼儿←白种人 白天←白昼 利剑←白 千般←百般 百发百中←百步穿杨 扶摇直上←百尺竿头 有口难言←百辞莫辩 矢无虚发←百发百中 民生凋敝←百孔千疮 合家←百口 寥寥无几←百里挑一 千了百当←百了千当 鸭蛋虽密也有缝←百密一疏大惑不解←百思不解 童言无忌←百无禁忌

词汇翻译练习[学生版]

Name & No.: Exercises for Business English Translation 练习之词义选择(1) 1. Thank you for your letter reference DT/Zi No. 102, of 29th, March. 2. We have had only one order from ABC Co., Ltd., so we regret we cannot give you a reference from long experience. 3. Reference is made to your Sales Confirmation No. 1529. 4. The Buyer asks for credit and has given the Bank of China, Beijing as a reference. 5. The Sales Company is given the same power with reference to apportioning the commission. 6. A reference to your records will show that we have more than once asked you to establish L/C against S/C No. 2523. 7. The time limit for inspection and claim is 60 days after discharge of the cargo at the port of destination. 8. Party B agrees that the expiration of this license shall not discharge party B from its obligation. 9. Routine duties of the Joint Venture Company are to be discharged by the general manager appointed by the Board of Directors. 10. Party B shall check the quality of each discharge in accordance with the Contract. 11. Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief. 12. During the 1980’s the large premiums paid in acquisition often resulted in prices that greatly exceeded the value of tangible assets. 练习之词类引申(2) 1.Vietnam was his entrée to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a foreign policy consultant. 2.There was no provocation for such an angry letter.

六级翻译高频词汇

六级翻译高频词汇 表示主要的:primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant 表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant 表示适当的appropriate 表示提升,改善,加强enhance, improve, strengthen 表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding. 表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous 表示义务,有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory 表示积极,主动positive, proactive 表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical, reasonable 表示英勇brave, bold, valiant, heroic, courageous, fearless 表示巨大huge, large, giant, vast, enormous 表示牢固稳定sturdy, strong, firm, tough, stable, hardy 表示声誉reputation, fame, prestige 表示巅峰、顶点tip, top, peak, apex, climax 表示发现、探索discover, seek, search 表示增加increase, enlarge, multiply, expand, raise, accelerate, broaden, magnify 表示减少reduce, decrease, decelerate, lessen, diminish, decline, discount, subtract, deduct 表示转变convert, change, transform, switch 表示提供、提交offer, supply, provide, contribute, submit 表示构成、组成constitute, consist, organize, form, establish, compose, comprise,

翻译学术语词汇解释

A An abridged translation节译本 Absorb what is good and reject what is bad; absorb the essence and reject the dross; select the refined and discard the crude 取其精华,弃其糟粕 Abstract thinking ( thought ) 抽象思维 Academic community 学术界 An academic thesis 学术论文 Accommodate something to circumstances; accommodation 变通 Be well cultured in literature 有文学修养 Artistically accomplished 有艺术修养 A man of considerable culture 文化修养很高的人 Accurate comprehension 正确的理解 Accurate comprehension and adequate representation 准确的理解与适切的表达 Accurateness, smoothness and promptness 准、顺、快(口译标准) Accurate representation 准确的再现 Achieve spiritual similarity by departing from the original form 离形得神 Acquisition (语言)习得 Adapted translation; corrected version; improved version 改译 Adequate representation适切表达 Advance from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom 从必然王国走向自由王国 Aesthetic appreciation 审美(统觉)

词汇翻译

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Exercise 2: 翻译下列句子,将划线的介词转译成动词,动词转译成介词 1.He had never seen her, but her written words had been with him all along and sustained him unfailingly. 2.When I came over with the medication, Kate was sitting in her chair, in nightgown and slippers, awaiting my arrival. 3.他们当中有一位穿黑色大衣的姑娘。 4.对于这种现象,在过去很长的时间里,连科学家们都感到惊奇。翻译下列句子,将划线的形容词转译成副词,副词转译成形容词https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8914888005.html,panies should adequately compensate consumers who are willing to contribute to their increasingly valuable market research services. 2.Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 3.她生气地瞟了我一眼。 4.他结结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交谈。 Exercise 3: 翻译下列句子,将句中划线部分的肯定形式转译成否定形式。 1.If your car breaks down, you will be there for days before anyone

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常用的翻译词汇

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词汇翻译练习

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1. 教育类 ability 能力 academy(高等)专科院校,学会assignment作业,任务 architecture建筑学 assume假设 accent口音 acquire获得;学到 authority权威,当局 bilingual双语的 behavior行为 bachelor学士,学士学位 course课程 compulsory必修的 catalog目录,编目 discipline纪律 deduction演绎,推论 economics经济学 entitle给…权利,给…资格 graduate毕业,毕业生 grant授予 intellect智力 academic 学术的,学院的 attend参加(会议),上(学,课)astronomy天文学 angle角,角度 abroad在国外 accomplish完成,实行 approve赞成,同意,批准 award授予,奖品,奖金 botany植物学 bias偏见 campus校园 credit学分 calculator计算器 degree学位 divide分割,除以 evaluation评估 expel开初,赶出 faculty技能,系,学科,学院,全体教员geography地理学 ignorant无知的 interact互相作用,互相影响 lecture演讲laboratory实验室 monitor班长 moral道德,道德的 principal首要的,(大学)校长 politics政治学 psychology心理学 plus加 semester学期 sociology社会学 statistics统计,统计学 tutor导师,教员 the Students’ Union学生会 volume体积 library图书馆 literature文学 mathematics数学 optional可以任选的 physics物理学 philosophy哲学 percentage百分比,百分率 register登记,注册 science科学 square正方形的 seminar研讨会 tuition学费 undergraduate大学毕业生 2. 电子科技类 accessory附件 apply应用 aviation航空工业 adapt适应 battery电池(组) create创造 contrive设计发明 device设备 devise发明创造 emit发射(光,热,声波,气味等)electron电子 globe全球 innovation创新 invent发明 increase增加 landfill垃圾掩埋坑

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