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Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca,New York,asked30students to keep a communications diary for a week.In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than10minutes,and confessed to how many lies they told.Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.He found that lies made up14per cent of emails,21per cent of instant messages,27per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing37per cent of phone calls.

His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria,in April,have surprised psychologists.Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars,reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable,the detachment(非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie.Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.

But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread,and whether it occurs in real time.People appear to be afraid to lie

when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account,he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response,says Hancock.He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand,such as:“Do you like my dress?”

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.But,given his result,work assessment where honesty is a priority,might be best done using email.

57.Hancock’s study focuses on________.

A)the consequences of lying in various communications media

B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages

D)people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

58.Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that________.

A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages

B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

C)people are most likely to lie in email communication

D)people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

59.According to the passage,why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.

C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

D)They are most practised at those forms of communication.

60.According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because________.

A)salesmen can talk directly to their customers

B)salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

C)salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

D)salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

61.It can be inferred from the passage that________.

A)honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

B)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

C)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

D)email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

参考答案：

57.D58.A59.A60.B61.C

本文来源于中国大学网

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