英语写作

The Writing Process:

An Overview

The Writing Process:

Pre-Writing I

Pre-Writing Techniques

How do you organize your ideas when you are preparing to write?

Brainstorming Discussing Free Writing Looping Listing Outlining Charting Mappin

Brainstorming

“Brainstorming” means thinking of as many ideas as possible in a short amount of time.

Write down your ideas so that you don’t forget them.

Write down everything that comes to your mind; don’t worry about sorting out “good” and “bad” ideas.

Don’t worr y about spelling or grammar.

Example of Brainstorming

Topic: What would I do with one million dollars?

Travel- Europe, Asia, America

Pay off– a big house

Share--give a scholarship, donate to charities

Buy- a lot of books!

Invest/save- and let the interest grow

Looping

“Looping” begins with “free writing.” It can help you narrow a topic.

Choose the best idea, word, or phrase from what you wrote; underline or circle it.

Take that idea and begin free writing again.

Repeat the process at least one more time.

Follow all the rules for free writing.

The Writing Process:

Pre-Writing II

Looping

“Looping” begins with “free writing.” It can help you narrow a topic.

Choose the best idea, word, or phrase from what you wrote; underline or circle it.

Take that idea and begin free writing again.

Repeat the process at least one more time.

Follow all the rules for free writing.

Example of Looping

Topic: Describe your favorite season and why you like it.

Spring is daffodils blooming bright and bursting with yellow sunshine in their petals they make me want to sing with joy. The grass is green and thick and I love walking barefoot feeling each blade against my skin. The sky is blue with soft white clouds, I like to lay on my back and see pictures in them, not feeling hurried or rushed but free.

Listing

“Listing” is similar to “brainstorming.” The idea is to write down as many things as possible.

Use single words or phrases, not sentences.

Listing works well for descriptive-type writing.

Don’t worry about spelling or sorting out “good” and “bad” ideas.

Example List

Topic: Describe your favorite room in the house/apartment where you live.

Kitchen/Dining Area

White tile, walls, countertops (白色瓷砖，墙壁，台面)

Flood of sunlight

Healthy plants

Sturdy pine furniture

Glass door--view of lawn and trees

Outlining

“Outlining” is a more organized form of pre-writing than the others we discussed.

It can be used after you have generated ideas through brainstorming, free writing, or other pre-writing techniques.

It works well for structured types of writing such as essays.

You can use complete sentences, but you don’t have to.

I. Introduction: Internet “dating” has advantages and disadvantages.

II. Advantages

a) meet people around the world

b) not based on appearance

III. Disadvantages

a) can you trust them?

b) may be too far away to meet in person

IV. Conclusion: Some success stories, but too risky

Spend about 5 minutes creating an outline based on the following topic:

Do you agree with the English Only policy at the ELC? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this policy?

Sometimes you will want to organize your ideas for writing in a chart.

Charting works very well for comparison/ contrast writing or examining advantages and disadvantages.

You can use many different kinds of charts, depending on your topic and the kind of writing you are doing.

Topics for Practice

Draw a chart to organize your ideas about the following topic:

Compare the similarities and differences between your hometown and Kaili.

“Mapping,” sometimes called “semantic/ idea mapping” or “webbing,” is another way to organize your ideas.

Start with your topic in the center, and branch out from there with related ideas.

Use words and phrases, not complete sentences.

Topics for Practice

Draw a map to organize your ideas about the following topic:

What are some things that you have learned in your life so far?

Teaching Objectives

At the end of this class, you will be able to

know the importance of introduction in a RP.

know what is the CARS model.

know the importance of the CARS Model in introduction.

know the steps in the model.

analyze the Introduction part by applying the model.

apply the model in the introduction part for the later research paper writing.

The Logical Connection among

Genre –

RP –

Introduction

DEFINITION OF GENRE

A staged, structured, communicative events, motivated by various

communicative purposes, and

performed by members of specific discourse communities.

(Swales, 1990; Bhatia, 1993, 2004)

RESEARCH PAPER – Genre - [IMRD]

Introduce Methodology Results Discussion

EXAMPLES OF GENRE

Research article, conference proposal, business report, grant application, letter to the editor, reference letter, thesis, dissertation...

Can you name some more examples of Genre?

More Examples proposal lecture seminar abstracts grant proposals laboratory reports textbooks letters editorials...

Introduction as a subgenre

Genre sets: abstract and introduction in the research paper

Genres and subgenres:

Review > book review, film review, CD review

Promotional writing > sales letter, tourist brochure > ads, prospectus

Elements of Introduction

1. Context

2. Focus

3. Justification

Purpose of Introduction

Is to create a research space for the writer (CARS) (Swales, 2004;Swales & Feak, 2004)

WHAT IS CARS?

It is an acronym of

C – reate

A –a

R – esearch

S - pace

WHAT IS CARS?

It is a model pioneered by John M. Swales in 1981 who investigated introduction sections of research articles (RAs).

Swales named this as Create a Research Space (CARS) and identified the typical moves in the organization.

Why INTRODUCTION is So Important?

Opening paragraph

Production of academic paper- the necessity of getting started is INTRODUCTION

a key factor in sharing knowledge from research with peers

Introduction Section as a Problem?

Many L2 writers perceived writing introductions as the most difficult section to write. (Flowerdew, 1999; Shaw, 1991; Swales, 1990 as cited in Jogthong, 2001)

Two main reasons

(Swales)

1.the need to attract an audience

2. 2. the need to compete for acceptance and recognition.

Create a Research Space (CARS)

provides a structure based on RAs introduction

based on the research that RA introductions is a hierarchically organized text containing three obligatory moves…

THREE MOVES

Move 1 To establish a research territory

Move 2 o identify a niche or gap in the territory

Move 3 To signal how the topic in question occupies that niche

Each move has a number of steps

Move 1

Introduces the topic and discusses its importance

Describes the current situation, features and characteristics of that area of study

In Move 2

Writers find “niche” by showing that

previous research is not complete or there

are still aspects of research field that

require further examination

The most common way is to present a

negative evaluation of some features

of research territory described in Move 1.

Move 2

Establishing a Niche (citation possible)

STEP 1 A – (Obligatory) indicating a gap (or)

STEP 1 B – Adding to what is known (or)

STEP 2 – Presenting positive justification

In Move 2

By indicating a gap, the writer builds up a “demand” for the current contribution.

Essentially the gap - represents

unresolved question which

“current contribution seeks to solve”

the key move -“hinge” that connect M1 & M3 (Swales & Feak, 1994, p. 185)

Move 3

OCCUPYING THE NICHE

Step 1 (Obligatory)- Announcing present research descriptively and/or purposively Step 2 (Optional) – Presenting research question or hypotheses

IN MOVE 3

writer states how s/he intends to fill the gap by announcing present research (obligatory) describes what s/he considers to be the main features of the research.

Unit Two

Free Writing Again

果真如此

Teaching Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to

Understand the relationship between the title and the article.

Know the functions of a title.

Learn what the good title is and its features.

Know some ways to choose a relatively good title.

Write a good title in terms of the stylistic and

grammatical appropriateness.

Title

The function of a “title”

1. catch the reader’s attention quickly.

2. summarize the content of a piece.

3. show your position or attitude in a

unique way.

4. help you put forward a presupposition (预想、假设) to argue for or against.

5. It can be used as a guideline/guidance

by the reader.

6. It may reflect more unique things of

your own.

(We can use it to do other things for which you may add some good reasons 其他功能). The function of a “title”

1 Meaningfulness

2 Compatibility

Title

Stylistic appropriateness

Short Attractive Explicit Informative Aesthetic Idiosyncratic

Technical devices used to choose a relatively good “title”

1. Title elaboration method (提炼法)

2. Title imitation method (借用法)

3. Imitation plus modification method

(翻造法：借用与翻造想结合)

4. Innovation method (标新立异法)

5. Quotation method (引用法)

Structure patterns for the “title”

1. Type One: Simple Type

Noun phrase (短语式)

e.g. The Old Man and the Sea

Question form (问句式)

e.g. For Whom the Bell Tolls

《丧钟为谁而鸣》

Slogan form (格言警句式)

e.g. A Farewell to Arms

2. Type Two: Complex Type (independent title plus subtitle)

Title—subtitle (破折号连接)

Title: subtitle (冒号连接)

e.g. Question as an Instructional Method: Does it Affect Learning from Lectures? (Campbell, J. & Mayer, R.E., 2009)

Requirements of writing a title for research article

1 Attract readers’ attention

2 Be accurate

3 Be specific and concise jet descriptive

4 Key words should appear.

5 Do not be cute or use jargon.

6 What, how, with whom, where/ in what

context

7. Use compound words instead of

phrases

8. Delete function words, if necessary

e.g. “the”

9. Do not be too long. (within 15 words)

You are supposed to do a task in this part. Please choose one or two titles from the list and discuss with your members about what strategies are used in these titles. Then please justify your opinions. Provide sound reasons.

1.The Decentralization of American Economic

Life: An Income Evaluation

2. Type Behaviors by Children, Social

Comparison, and Standards for Self-evaluation 3. Composing Letters with a Simulated Listening

Typewriter

4. Modeling Perceptions of the Accentedness and Comprehensibility of L2 Speech: The Role of

Speaking Rate

5. Degree of Foreign Accent in English Sentences Produced by Korean Children and Adults

Question for Consideration:

How can we strive for a higher degree of clarity by knowing sth. about the rewriting process

in our writing class?

How to Achieve a Higher Degree of Clarity?

-- To adopt a polite/ reader-oriented style

Choosing a good format

Designing a tight structure

Using logical reasoning

Providing enough background

Communicating with your readers all the time

Paying attention to brevity and clarity

The choice is task-specific (选择由写作性质决定）

Maxim of Quality (质的准则): Tell the truth(只言事实)

Maxim of Quantity (量的准则): Do not provide info. than necessary; nor less than necessary(信息提供，恰到好处)

At a macro-level of clarity realization- control of logical reasoning

thought patterns (思维模式)

Info. dispatching models (信息传送模式)

3.At a micro-level of clarity realization-

Control of

Structural organization (篇章结构）

Language use (语言使用；grammar & idiomatic usage)

Layer 1: Appearance

-Spelling, Grammar, Formatting

Layer 2: Writing Style

-Sentence Flow

Layer 3: Organization

-Connecting the Ideas

Layer 4: Content

-The Ideas

4.

Discipline specific

Most areas encourage a clear and concise writing style

Be as precise as possible

Avoid words that are unclear (“good”)

e.g.

It was a good analysis.

The analysis addressed three major concerns...

In academia, nothing is ever certain

Avoid words like “proves”, “always” and “exactly”

E.g. Deer mice never eat insects.

Deer mice are not known to eat insects.

Shortening the text without impacting clarity

Not the same as brevity

Usually improves clarity

If a word or phrase can be removed or shortened without losing meaning, do it

Repeating information

E.g. The end result, future plans

The result, plans

Words that add little meaning

E.g. Achieving peace without some kind of armistice is impossible. Achieving peace without an armistice (停战）is impossible.

Long circular descriptions

E.g. For the reason that, in light of the fact that

Why not just BECAUSE?

Active Voice

Contrast with the passive voice

Subject is acting, not being acted upon

More direct and usually cuts out words

Example:

It was a good analysis.

The analysis addressed three issues...

Not used in all disciplines

Science in a case:

I added saline to treatment A.

Saline was added to treatment A.

Treatment A contained saline.

Convert negative phrases into positive

Eliminates phrases l ike “does not”, “will not”

Restructuring clauses within other clauses

Changes the relative importance, but also eliminates a lot of words

What Is Wrong with English Teaching in China

Some major problems of ELT in China

1. There are less innovative approaches in our teaching

2. Teachers do not provide students with enough updated materials

3. They fail to meet the social or market demands

4. There are too many irrelevant exams

5. A sharp contrast exists between “test-oriented education”and "competence-oriented education”

Title Elaboration Method

1. What is really wrong with English teaching in China?

1. As a language student in China, are you happy with your study?

3. ELT in China

4. You may add other possible and innovative titles from your side.

? Positive points: 1…2…3…4…

? Negative points:1…2…3…4…

? Compare your lists with the 5 shortcomings

? The results of this comparison can be used as evidence to either support or reject the claims

? Discuss the state of ELT in China

? Find out more general problems

? Try to provide solutions to these issues

一.不一致(Disagreements

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致, 时态不一致及代

词不一致等．

例１．When one have money ,he can do what he want to . (人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)

剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants. 本句是典型的主谓不一致．

改为：Once one has money, he can do whatever he wants (to do).

二．修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers

英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．

例１．I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末．

三．句子不完整（Sentence Fragments

在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生．

例１．There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.

剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV, rad io, newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句．

改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.

四. 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．

例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时. 按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了．

改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

例１．To do well in college, good grades are essential.

剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚．

改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五．词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech

“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等．

例１．None can negative the importance of money.

剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。

改为：None can deny the importance of money.

六．指代不清

(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例1. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为

We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七．不间断句子(Run-on Sentences

什么叫run-on sentence? 请看下面的例句。

例１．There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.

或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world 八．措词毛病(Troubles in Diction/The Matter of Word Choice)

Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题. 有些学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯，他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用；所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例１．The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。

改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

九．累赘(Redundancy

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：

In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.

例１．For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。

改为：Diligent and caring people use money only to buy what they need.

十．不连贯(Incoherence

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。

例１．The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。

改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

十一．综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage

所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。

例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importanc e, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.

1. Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists.

2. He said he would take the exam and pass it, but he was not certain of it.

3. The chef cooked the shrimp for thirty minutes and then it was allowed to cool.

4. In respond to the problems identified in the self-study, several activities have evolved at

this college to meet the ever-expanding needs of our students, but the traditional goals of the college, which are to educate the whole person in the basic skills of liberal education, are not neglected by this new programs.

5. Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists in the world.

6. He said he would take the exam but was not certain whether he could pass it.

7. The chef cooked the shrimp for thirty minutes and then allowed it to cool.

In respond to the problems identified in the self-study, this college has evolved programs to meet the ever-expanding needs of its students. But the new programs do not neglect the traditional goals of educating the whole person in the basic skills of the liberal arts.

Or In respond to the problems identified in the self-study, this college has evolved several programs to meet the ever-expanding needs of our students. But the new programs do not neglect

the traditional goals of the college – to educate the whole person in the basic skills of the liberal arts.

● Pre writing activity- Questionnaire of EAP writing strategies

Open questions:

1. What do you know about EAP writing?

2. What’s your expectation of our class?

● Pre-test:

Guided writing- Topic: English writing is my

headache

A General Syllabus for Our Writing Class

1. Course description and Subject explanation

? This is basically a task-oriented course. To put it another way, the course is designed to develop your ability in writing by encouraging you to work on different composition assignments as you move through this course

Syllabus cont

? Collective activities such as classroom discussion, peer exchange reading and evaluating will be emphasized.

? The approach we are going to adopt is a process-oriented type.

? Critical thinking will strongly be encouraged in this course, because our problem is not that we do not know how to write, but that we do not know how to think critically and creativity.

? we are going to introduce a diversity of “genres” (体裁写作）into our class.

Requirements, Assignments and Evaluation Criteria

1. Requirements

1) Physical attendance in the class;

2) Satisfactory completion of assignments;

3) Prepared responses to feedback comments form different sources (i.e., instruct or’s

comments and peer’s evaluating comments);

4) Active participation in classroom activities.

1. we are going to experience sth. new and different

2. Introduce sth. theoretical:

A. Macro-level of composition-

Structural organization

? Stylistic variation

? Plot development

B. Micro-level of writing practice

? In class assignments

? Out of class assignments

C. Train your potential abilities in:

? Critical thinking

? Creativity

? Personality

Important:

? Note-taking

? Assignment completing

Rationale to do this is:

Theories of writing always go hand in hand with your employment of them in your wiring training The difficulties you may face in a writing task

1. Structural organization (篇章结构）

2. Originality/Creativity （观点创新）

3. Imagination （想象力）

4. Critical thinking （批判性思维）

5. Logical reasoning （逻辑推理）

World or encyclopedia knowledge （百科知识）

7. Personality （个人风格）

8. Grammar knowledge （语法知识）

9. Choice of words （遣词造句）

10. Style knowledge （文体知识）

Difficulties cont.

11. Mechanics （写作技巧）

12. Cohesion & coherence （衔接与连贯）

13. Genre selection （体裁选择）

14. Cultural differences （文化差异）

Change- A new model A di-process-controlled method –Process Writing

1. Pre-writing (warm-up processes)

2. Real writing – striving for

a logical argumentation

A tight organization

A vivid description

What is the writing process?

Writing an essay takes time. That’s why writing is often referred to as a process. In other words, there are several steps to go through before you have a complete essay ready to turn in for a grade. In this lesson we will talk about those steps. They are: Pre-Writing Organizing Drafting Revising and Editing Handing in a Final Copy The Final CopyStep five

The last step is turning in your essay to be graded.

Look at the guidelines below for turning in the final

draft of your essay.

word-processed

all new paragraphs indented five spaces

8 ? by 11 inch white paper

double spaced, size 12 font

one inch margins on all sides

IGCSE数学词汇chapter 1

IGCSE-Mathematics Chapter 1: Reviewing number concepts 一：Glossary&Expressions 1.1Different types of numbers 1. natural number [数] 自然数（5星） 2. whole number 整数（5星） 3. even number [数] 偶数（5星） 4. odd number [数] 奇数（5星） 5. integer ['intid??] n. [数] 整数；整体；完整的事物（5星） 6. prime number [数] 素数（5星） 7. prime [praim] adj. 主要的；最好的；基本的（4星） 8. square [skwε?] n. 平方；正方形adj. 平方的；正方形的；直角的；正直的vt. 使成方形；vi. 成方形adv. 成直角地（5星） 9. square number [数] 平方数（5星） 10. fraction ['fr?k??n] n. 分数；部分；小部分；（5星） 11. negative ['neɡ?tiv] n. 负数；adj. [数] 负的；（5星） 12. negative integers 负整数（5星） 13. consecutive [k?n'sekjutiv] adj. 连贯的；连续不断的（5星） 14. common fraction [数] 普通分数；[数] 简分数（5星） 15. decimal ['desim?l] n. 小数adj. 小数的；十进位的（5星） 16. is equal to 等于（5星） 17. equal ['i:kw?l] n.相等的事物adj. 平等的；相等的；vt. 等于；比

英语六级写作三个套路 精品

英语六级写作三个套路 作文的展开—按照三步走： 1)题目涉及的现象进行简单的描述，在描述的过程中将写作引向文章的主题(这样的描述可以自己控制，如果第一段落字数单薄，可以适当使描述具体化)。 2)在第一步的基础上给出观点，观点视文章主旨可以分为：个人观点(包括方法、途径)，和多方观点(观点从正反两方面或者一个方面的多个层次阐述；在交待观点是需要有原因和支持)。 3)个人观点总结点题(同意异表)，简要指出方法途径，如果找不到具体的解决方法，则将话讲得圆滑(如果正文中间观点没有必然冲突，则可以融合)。 例子： A 1995.1 my view on the negative effects of some advertisements 社会上的广告现象越来越多，很多的广告对我们的社会有不良的影响-〉(广告如何

多：路边大型广告，报纸一半是广告，电线杆上垃圾广告，电视商业广告频繁。) Today we live in a world of advertisement. Ads appear on broad side boards, take up much of newspaper coverage, slip their way onto walls and constantly interrupt TV programs. However pervasive they are, (尽管他们四处充斥)they always produce a negative influence。 从观点的多个层次描写：1.白日抢劫——卖家通过弯曲夸大事实来欺骗消费者购买(化妆品)；2.种下不良消费习惯或者价值观(香烟)；3.污染环境(牛皮癣和校园商业海报)。 To begin with, daylight robbery is made everyday occurrence (白日抢劫每天都在发生)as a result of the negative effects of ads. Harmful ads exaggerate the functions and distort/ignore the facts。(夸大功能，歪曲事实) Every means is tried to hook people into buying(为

中考英语满分作文精选大汇总

中考英语满分作文精选大汇总 你于"五一"前夕 ----4 月 28 日上午九点钟，与全班同学一起到学校附近的公园参加一次公益劳动（ voluntary labour ），全班分成了三组。你在第三组。请你用日记的形式写一篇短文。 劳动任务安排 参考词汇： litter 果皮纸屑等废弃物 注意： 1. 短文必须写出提示及表格所列出的全部内容。 2. 词数 100 左右。 3. 日记的格式已为你写好。 参考范文： April 28th Saturday Fine It was Saturday， just before May Day. My classmates and I went to the park nearby， we didn't go there for amusement but took part in voluntary l abor. We got there at 9：00. We were divided into three groups and then bega n working. The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The task for Group Two was collecting the litter left about by tourists and cleani ng the benches. The group I was in got to the Children's Playground and wipe d all the equipment clean. We worked very hard. At 11：00， when all the wo rk was finished up， all my classmates met again. Although everyone was in a sweat， yet we felt happy because we had done good job. 以"My Chinese Teacher"为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下: 1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。 2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。 3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。 參考范文： My Chinese Teacher Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese te acher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and l ove her very much. My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor sho rt.

描写我的兴趣爱好的英语作文范文

描写我的兴趣爱好的英语作文范文 导语:问题不在于教他各种学问，而在于培养他有爱好学问的兴趣，而且在这种兴趣充分增长起来的时候，教他以研究学问的方法。下面是为大家，英语范文，希望对大家有所帮助,欢迎阅读，仅供参考，更多相关的知识，请关注FLA学习网! I like to have: dance, jump rope, rubber band skipping, but my favourite is singing. Singing is my hobby! I like to sing, as long as it is. I hear a five or six times can singing along, I started to like singing from the age of 7. Seven and a half years old, I fell in love with singing. Even if the toilet when they sing, sing almost idle. School held a variety of singing, I participated in almost all! So the songs are also much more special, my sister said, maybe I can be the singer in the future! Sometimes my classmates also said, I can sing very well. Mother's day, we sang wanderer, especially make the audience like it! Six, at that time, also intends to show in our school, of course, also have me. Hey hey! Someone asked: "why do you like singing?" I can tell you, because some songs are very good to listen! Listening to music can make me in a good mood! So I like singing, also like listening to music.

Igcse 数学 历年真题 2

4400/4H Edexcel IGCSE Mathematics Paper 4H Higher Tier Friday 11 June 2010 – Afternoon Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Ruler graduated in centimetres and Nil millimetres, protractor, compasses, pen, HB pencil, eraser, calculator. Tracing paper may be used. Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. You must NOT write on the formulae page. Anything you write on the formulae page will gain NO credit. If you need more space to complete your answer to any question, use additional answer sheets. Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 22 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 100. You may use a calculator. Advice to Candidates Write your answers neatly and in good English. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ?2010 Edexcel Limited. Printer’s Log. No. N36905A

【精编版】2020届高三英语题型训练 写作(三)

题型训练写作（三） 第一节短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 WeChat is becoming increasing popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my classmate about the use of WeChat. According to a result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because comparing with other means of communication, WeChat has more advantages. It was cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. Besides, 35% of whom are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using WeChat, the rest has no opinion about it. As far as I'm concerned, since WeChat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it to govern our minds and behaviour. 第二节书面表达 假定你是李华，市电视台将举办《中国诗词比赛》(Chinese Poetry Contest)国际友人专场，你想邀清对文化感兴趣的外教老师Adam一同观赛。请给他写一封信，内容包括： 1.时间：下周五晚六点半； 2.地点：市民中心；

高考英语作文高分模板大汇总,写作必背!

1．观点碰撞题（对比观点选择题）： 大多为三点提纲，提纲模式一般是：有一些人……; 还有人…….; 我的看法或观点 作文题：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes towrite a composition on the topics Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 100 words, and base your compositionon the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……. 2. 也有人持不同意见，…….. 3. 我的看法和打算 说明利弊型作文是以某一事物的优点和缺点为文章的主要内容，最终以考生的评论或者观点作为全文的结论。在说明事物的利弊时，应该注意条理性。比如我们可以使用对比法或是枚举法中的句型来展开短文。在文章的最后一段表明个人的态度或者看法的时候，最好也能提供相应的理由或者一些扬长避短的方法来减少事物的负面影响。 这类型的作文的写作可以采用以下的模式： 第一部分：引言。说明标题中涉及的某一事物或现象； 第二部分：优点。例举该事物或现象的优点或积极因素；（这一部分除了可以独立成段外，也可以与第一部分合为一段，或是与第三部分合为一段） 第三部分：缺点。可以考虑用对比关联词引出该事物或现象的另一面——缺点或消极因素；第四部分：考生的个人体会。权衡利弊，阐述个人体会或者如何扬长避短的方法。 模板一： 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more/Plus, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice. 模板二： 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

培养兴趣爱好英语作

培养兴趣爱好英语作文 【英语作文】 As a middle school student,I learn many subjects,I study so hard every day. When I get home,I will do my homework and then go over the book. But when holiday comes,I feel a little confused,because I don t want to study and do something new.Then I don t know what to do, my mind get blank. 作为一个中学生,我学许多科目,我每天那么努力学习。当我回家时,我会做作业,然后复习书本。但当假期来临的时候, 我感到有点困惑,因为我不想学习，想做一些新的事情。我就不知道要做什么,我的头脑一片空白。 I decide to develop my interest.Some day,I happened to see a tennis match，and I couldn t stop watching, then I fell in love with tennis. So I started to learn playing tennis,I felt so happy. 我决定培养我的兴趣。有一天, 我碰巧看到一场网球比赛,我无法停止下来看,然后我爱上了网球。因此我开始学习打网球,我感到很高兴。培训兴趣爱好 Now tennis is my favorite sport,I find a way to relax myself. 现在网球是我最喜欢的运动,我找到一个方法来放松自己。

IGCSE数学试卷pastpaper

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 8 6 8 1 7 5 4 8*ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS 0606/12Paper 1 October/November 2012 2 hours Candidates answer on the Question Paper.Additional Materials: Electronic calculator.READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Y ou may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer all the questions. Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question. The use of an electronic calculator is expected, where appropriate. Y ou are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 80.For Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total

英语写作三原则

英语写作三原则 原则一：逻辑语义关系标示语的使用 句子间或段落间的命题之间的语义联系可以通过逻辑关系标示词直接连接起来，以显性的语言成分形式出现于篇章表层；这就是所谓的语篇逻辑语义的“显明性” (explic itness)。但在有的情况下，或是因为信息本身的逻辑关系非常清楚，或是因为情景语境已经提供了必要的启示，即使没有连接性词语，句子与句子或段落与段落之间的逻辑关系也可以通过隐性的衔接手段连接起来；语篇逻辑语义的这种特征被称为语篇逻辑语义的“隐含性”(implicitness)。连接是指用连词、副词或词组（短语）等逻辑关系标示语把两个命题联系起来的手段,可用来表示两个小句之间的逻辑语义关系。绝大多数的语言研究者认为英汉语篇逻辑语义的确存在显性或隐性的差异。如朱永生（2001：102）认为，与其他所有衔接手段相比，连接是英汉两种语言之间差别最大的一种衔接手段；再如，连淑能（1992）认为，由于汉语注重意合，在汉语的语篇中，隐性的连接成分是相当常见的，是读者或听话者很容易接受和理解的一种语言现象。而英语注重形合，英语中语篇连接成分在绝大多数的情况下是显性的。因此，这种“显明性”和“隐含性”在一定程度上反映了英汉两种思维方式的差异和这种差异所造成的英汉两种语言在语言表达上的差异。在英语写作学习过程中，中国学生由于受汉语隐性连接传统方式的影响，在两个命题之间常常不使用逻辑语义关系标示语，有时甚至因为理解问题而误用逻辑语义关系标示语，因而造成逻辑关系表达不清的问题。 在英语写作具体行文过程中，连接或表示语篇中不同命题之间逻辑语义关系的成分就是我们所谓的逻辑关系标示语。它们往往是一些常见的小词。比如说，“and”一般被用来表示并列或递进关系；“but, however, yet, nevertheless”等一般被用来表示转折关系；但是值得注意的是，越是常见的词，就往往越为学生所忽视；加上受汉语逻辑语义“隐含性”特征的影响，中国学生在学习英语写作时极易出现逻辑关系标示语的误用甚至于不用。因此，在英语写作过程中，我们应当着重培养自己对这些标示语的敏感性。 原则二：照应标示语的使用 照应（anaphora）又称前指。从广义上来说，它指的是语言表达中一个词或短语在语篇中被用来（回）指同一语篇中另一个词或短语的语言现象。前者一般被称为前指词（anaphor），后者一般被称为先行词（antecedent）。两者之间是一种语义上的共指（co-reference）关系。这种共指关系可以出现在同一句、同一段落或同一篇章中，是篇章连贯的主要手段之一，因而近几十年来一直是语言学、心理学、人工智能、语言教学等学科的研究对象。根据先行词与前指词之间的关系及其词法和句法特点，照应关系可以分为三大类：句际照应、动词性照应和名词性照应，分别如下例所示（划线部分分别为先行词和前指词）： （1）John told me that he could finish the test in half an hour, but I wouldn’t b elieve it. （2） a. He went to the part yesterday. So did his wife. b. Perry bought a blue jacket, and Tom ? a black one. （3）John bought a red car and Paul bought a white one. 在这里，我们所说的照应标示语（又称指称词语）指的是名词性照应，它包括所有名词性的词语，如代词、名词等。照应标示语之所以能够成为保持语篇逻辑语义关系的重要手段之一是因为其指称性。苏东坡诗曰：“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。不识庐山真面目，只

英语四六级写作万能句式大汇总

英语四六级写作万能句式大汇总 1、开头： Everything has a good side and a bad side, and ....is no exception。 万事万物有其两面性，而________也是如此。 As the proverb goes: "every coin has its two sides", ....is no exception。 俗语有云："万事万物都有两面性。" ________也不例外。 The discussion as to whether the ... is a blessing or a curse arouses most people's interests。 __________是好坏利弊问题引起了很多人的兴趣。 ..plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world。 ______ 尤为重要而引起当今社会的关注。 There comes a question: is it a blessing or a curse。 问题是：____是福是祸？ There is no denying that everything has one more face and ... is no exception。 不可否认，每一件事物都有其两面性，其实，______也不例外。 Everything in the world has its own two sides.Without exception, A has both advantages and disadvantages。 任何事情都有两面性，A也不例外，有其优势和劣势(利与弊)。 ....undoubtedly plays an increasing significant role in modern life。 不容置疑，_______在现代生活中不断显示出起重要性。 With the development of the society, ... Is increasingly important。 随着社会的发展，_______变得越来越重要。 The merits of this is obvious.。。 其好处显而易见。 2、原因： And I would like to present two explanations for this:

六年级英语作文：我的爱好

六年级英语作文：我的爱好 每个人都有不一样的爱好，下面就来介绍一下你的爱好是什么吧。 I am Bob. I am 11 years old. I live in a tall building. It has twenty-nine floors. I live on the twenty-first floor. I am from China. I have small eyes. My favourite food is chicken. My favourite animal is dog，because it is lovely. My best friend is Ted. We often play together. But his house is very far from my house. He likes playing computer games. My hobby is playing football. I often play football with my classmates, because they like playing football, too. We often win. Why do I like football? Because it does a lot of good for my body. Do you like football? My hobby is lisetening to music. I like listening to music listening to music makes me I am tired,I will listening some quiet music,that makes me fall asleep very favorite music is the music that has good lyrics can also make me learn Chinese or English well

igcse数学词汇chapter1

I G C S E数学词汇 c h a p t e r1 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

IGCSE-Mathematics Chapter 1: Reviewing number concepts 一：Glossary&Expressions 1.1 Different types of numbers 1. natural number [数] 自然数（5星） 2. whole number 整数（5星） 3. even number [数] 偶数（5星） 4. odd number [数] 奇数（5星） 5. integer ['intid??] n. [数] 整数；整体；完整的事物（5星） 6. prime number [数] 素数（5星） 7. prime [praim] adj. 主要的；最好的；基本的（4星） 8. square [skwε?] n. 平方；正方形 adj. 平方的；正方形的；直角的；正直的 vt. 使成方形； vi. 成方形 adv. 成直角地（5星） 9. square number [数] 平方数（5星） 10. fraction ['fr?k??n] n. 分数；部分；小部分；（5星） 11. negative ['neɡ?tiv] n. 负数； adj. [数] 负的；（5星） 12. negative integers 负整数（5星） 13. consecutive [k?n'sekjutiv] adj. 连贯的；连续不断的（5星） 14. common fraction [数] 普通分数；[数] 简分数（5星） 15. decimal ['desim?l] n. 小数 adj. 小数的；十进位的（5星） 16. is equal to 等于（5星）

关于的英语作文3篇

关于的英语作文3篇 购物的英语作文篇一 in the united states，the lonely have reddit and cats. in china，they have singles' day，which falls on nov. 11 -- 11.11，the four ones symbolizing "bare branches，" chinese slang for bachelors. thought to have originated about 20 years ago as a joke on college campuses，singles' day was once an occasion for confessing one's feelings to that special someone. but since 2010，online retailers have transformed the holiday， also known as "double 11，" into an epic online shopping extravaganza akin to america's cyber monday. china has 271 million online consumers， meaning that almost half of china's 591 million internet users buy products online. e-commerce sites taobao and tmall， which saw a combined 1 trillion in sales in 2012，will both be running promotional campaigns during china's singles' day. among the offers：50 percent discounts on products like boyfriend body pillows and hoodies that read "i am single because i am fat." amazon。cndeclared that the site would sell "20，000 products discounted by as much as 90 percent." that includes a wedding ring，which singles can presumably buy， just in case.

大二英语写作汇总

写作作业汇总 学院：外国语 专业：英语 班级：102 学号：…… 姓名：…… 2012年6月14日

七篇note-writing ○1. Draft 1: Mar 8, 2012 Dear Sheila, I thank you deeply for your most generous birthday gift. It is so nice and helpful that I can not like it more. It is the best one I have received this year. I will keep it forever. What else, I will save enough money so that I can buy a better gift for you when your birthday come. Sincerely, Iris 评论：1. 格式不正确。 2. 正文不够具体，细节不到位。 Draft 2： Mar 8 Sheila, I thank you deeply for your most generous birthday gift. The desk lamp is so nice and helpful for me that I can not like it more. With the desk lamp, I can read the book more clearly and do the homework more convenient when it is dark. It is my favorite gift I have received this year. I will keep it forever. What else, I will save enough money so that I can buy a better gift for you when your birthday come to give you a surprise. Iris

英文写作术语大全(中英文对照)

英文写作术语大全（中英文对照） abstract words 抽象词 acknowledgement 致谢 active voice 主动语态 affirmative sentence 肯定句 agent 施动者 alliteration 头韵 ambiguity 歧义 American English 美式英语 analogy 类比 analytic expression 分析型表达 anastrophe 词语倒装法 anticlimax order 突降法 anti-rhetorical 反修辞 antithesis 对照\对偶 antonomasia 换称 antonym 反义词 apostrophe 撇号(即') appositive 同位语 archaic words 古词 argumentation 议论文 argumentative writing 议论文写作 article 冠词 ascending order 递增法 association 联想 attitude 态度 audience 听众 awkwardness 拙劣 balanced sentence 平衡句 base 词根 beginning 开头 beginning paragraph 开头段落 between sentences 句际 bibliography 书目 big words 大词 block contrast 批对比法 body 主体 bookish verbs 学究式动词 brainstorming 头脑风暴法 brevity 简练 British English 英式英语 broken sentence 破碎句 capitalization 用大写 case study 案例分析 casual style 非正式文体 causal analysis 因果分析cause-effect development 由因到果发展法central thought 中心思想 Chinese interference 中文干扰 Chinglish 中国式英语 choice of words 选词 choppy sentence 断续句循环圆周结构circumlocutory 兜圈子的 clarity 明晰 classical rhetoric 古典修辞模式classification 分类发展法 clear reference of pronoun 代词前指明晰clear sentence 意义明晰句 cliché陈词滥调 climax order 递增顺序 clipped words 词省略拼法 closing paragraph 结尾段落 coherence 连贯 coherent 连贯的 cohesion 粘着性 cohesive device 粘着手段 collective noun 集体名词 collocation 搭配 colloquial 口语化的 colloquial context 口语语境colloquialism 口语化 colon 冒号 combination 句子合并组合法 comma 逗号 common words 普通词常用语communication means 交际手段comparison 比较法 Complete essay checklist 作品核查项目单complete sentence 完整句 complex sentence 复杂句complimentary close 结尾套语 compound sentence 复合句复杂复合句conceptual repetition 概念重复法 concise 简洁 conclusion 结论 concrete illustration 具体阐明 concrete words 实义词 confusing sentence 意义混乱句 conjunction 连词 connective 联系词 connotation 内涵 connotative meaning 内涵意义 conscious logic 逻辑意识

中考英语作文范文：兴趣爱好

中考英语作文范文： 中考英语作文范文：兴趣爱好
中考英语作文范文：兴趣爱好，兴趣爱好是中考常考话题，难度相对较小。 兴趣爱好是中考常考话题，难度相对较小。 1、介绍你的兴趣爱好 My Hobby I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my study (被…占满了时间，…很忙), I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano, surfing the Internet. One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many years,since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time(打发时间), but also, more importantly, help improve my comprehension ability. When reading, I can learn a lot.Reading Shakespear’s works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I come back to the old time of China. Reading really affect my life. 2、Different people, different hobbies. What hobbies do you have? My hobby is singing. It’s a great hobby! It’s fun and it makes me feel proud. Singing can be used to relieve (解除) my fatigues (疲劳), and can help me improve my accent(腔调). Singing makes me happy when I"m sad. Singing songs can make you clever. I am always singing at home to share each other’s joys and sorrow (悲痛) in our life and to learn many songs. I really enjoy singing. It goes without saying that(毫无疑问) there are many different kinds of hobbies and they can not only (不仅) broaden (拓宽) our minds (智力) but also (而且) add more fun to our life. 3、我的爱好(My hobby) Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it.Tell the magazine readers. ?What exactly your hobby is; ?When and how you became interested in this hobby; ?Why you enjoy your hobby; ?About your hopes and plans for the future. 写作要求： 1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。 2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。 3.词数 60-80. 范文： My hobby is reading books. When I was seven years old, I became interested in reading books. I like reading books because there are a lot of useful things in books. I can learn a lot of knowledge from books. Books can also teach me how to be a good person. Books even can solve many problems for me.I will read more good books to improve myself.