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2018朝阳一模英语

2018北京市朝阳区高三（一模）

英语

（考试时间100分钟满分120分)

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）

1. Peter has previous experience, ______ I think he’s the right person for the job.

A. or

B. but

C. for

D. so

2. ––What did the doctor say about your injury?

––She said I should avoid doing too much exercise ______ it feels better.

A. until

B. since

C. if

D. while

3. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables.

A. nothing

B. everything

C. anything

D. something

4. Don’t worry. A number of efforts are being made ______ the whole system operating normally.

A. being kept

B. kept

C. keeping

D. to keep

5. Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually.

A. that

B. why

C. where

D. whose

6. ––Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight.

––But she ______!

A. promised

B. promises

C. will promise

D. had promised

7. Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whoever

D. wherever

8. Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow.

A. across

B. against

C. through

D. over

9. Look! Here’s a photo ______ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognize me in it?

A. taken

B. taking

C. to take

D. being taken

10. ––Are the repairs finished yet?

––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.

A. would be completed

B. would complete

C. had completed

D. had been completed

11. Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher ______ all the students are being too

quiet.

A. how

B. what

C. that

D. where

12. ______ such a problem before, we handled the situation very well this time.

A. Deal with

B. Dealing with

C. To deal with

D. Having dealt with

13. It seems late to say anything. We probably ______ it if we had made an offer sooner.

A. would have got

B. would get

C. had got

D. got

14. I think Ana ______ her packing since she started getting things ready early this morning.

A. finishes

B. has finished

C. had finished

D. would finish

15. What I love most about reading novels is ______ the authors vividly describe the characters.

A. what

B. why

C. how

D. whom

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

No Direction Home

In August last year, my parents and I visited our relatives in Princeton Junction, New Jersey. Every day I enjoyed walking a circular way starting from their house. One evening I decided to be adventurous and changed from my 16 way—I was looking forward to a longer walk, 17 that I would be able to find my way back.

My walk took me 18 the living area and into a beautiful place with an expanse of fields on both sides of the road. With the sun beginning to 19 , it was really a wonderful sight. After about thirty minutes, I noticed that I was not 20 back in the direction I had come—in fact I seemed to be moving further away. I searched my pocket for the mobile phone to get help, but it wasn’t there.

I had 21 it at home.

However, I remained 22 . Although there weren’t any people about, there was some 23 and I was sure that someone would stop and 24 me in the right direction. As each car or truck came, I stopped and 25 , but time after time each one passed me by. No one seemed to feel any 26 for me. About forty minutes, I was beginning to feel 27 . There was no one in sight and my family was completely in the dark as to my 28 .

When I just gave up all hope, a black SUV 29 me and stopped. A mother and daughter wanted to know how they could help. I told them I was lost and gave them

my address. The mother pointed to a turning a little further down the road and 30 me I was pretty close to home. Expressing my thanks, I started off at a fast 31 .

I had been walking for about five minutes when I heard a car drive up behind me and stop. It was the mother and daughter again. They realized that they had not given me the correct 32 and my destination was much further away.

They offered to 33 me home, and I was so grateful for their help. During our brief conversation I got the 34 that the teenage daughter was going to

a school party and would now arrive late. We didn’t 35 names but I will never forget their act of kindness.

16. A. proper B. regular C. general D. similar

17. A. confident B. grateful C. ashamed D. proud

18. A. within B. round C. toward D. beyond

19. A. shine B. rise C. set D. fade

20. A. heading B. keeping C. taking D. looking

21. A. lost B. left C. held D. sent

22. A. silent B. crazy C. awake D. calm

23. A. delay B. control C. traffic D. service

24. A. point B. remind C. inform D. follow

25. A. cheered B. waved C. sighed D. nodded

26. A. sympathy B. satisfaction C. respect D. responsibility

27. A. innocent B. ridiculous C. fortunate D. desperate

28. A. routine B. judgment C. position D. impression

29. A. surrounded B. approached C. preserved D. accompanied

30. A. supported B. defended C. corrected D. promised

31. A. pace B. track C. level D. stage

32. A. decision B. schedule C. direction D. procedure

33. A. charge B. drop C. allow D. reach

34. A. goal B. permit C. attention D. sense

35. A. sign B. list C. exchange D. call

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Ecobee3 Smarter WiFi Thermostat

Smart thermostats have become the face of smart home technology for most, but depending on what your home is like, it’s possible to say the

ecobee3 is superior.

Most of the smart thermostats carry the same benefits,

including the ecobee3. They can learn your preferences and

schedules, and then adjust the temperature accordingly.

They’re bet ter-looking and more enjoyable to use than the

basic pieces of plastic that occupy most households. Their very presence will probably make you more conscious about saving energy. And once you’re able to heat up or cool down your house from your phone, without having to get out of bed, you won’t want to go back.

If you live in a larger household, the ecobee3 can be much more convenient—provided you pick up a couple more remote sensors. Yes, it gets pretty expensive at that point, but having those gives you effective control over the temperature in different rooms around your house. In comparison, other thermostats’ measurements are largely limited to the area in which they’re installed (安装).

If you live in a smaller place, that’s no big deal;the ecobee3 still has distinct advantages. It is touch-enabled and more spacious, making it less annoying when you want to enter a WiFi password, see weather information, and so on.

Still, all the smart thermostats are pretty great. Which one is best just depends on whether you need a whole-home solution or a more straightforward one. For now, if it’s the former, go with the ecobee3.

Ecobee3 Smarter WiFi Thermostat with Remote Sensor, available at all shopping websites.

36. What is the function of the ecobee3?

A.Planning schedules.

B. Making decoration.

C.Adjusting temperatures.

D. Storing information.

37. According to the passage, one of the advantages of the ecobee3 is that ______.

A. it can be operated easily by phone

B. it has different sizes

C. it is a product without using energy

D. it follows the same pattern

38. What makes the ecobee3 superior?

A. It costs less than those similar products.

B. It may work without access to WiFi networks.

C. It is more effective with fewer remote sensors.

D. It can control the temperature in a larger area.

Dream in Heart

On the first day of school our professor introduced a new classmate—a wrinkled little old lady—to us. Her name was Rose, and she was eighty-seven years old.

After class Rose and I walked to the Student Union Building and shared a chocolate milk-shake. She told me she always dreamed of having a college education and now she was getting one. We became instant friends. Every day for the following months, we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always attracted, listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.

Rose became famous and easily made friends wherever she went. She tended to be highly motivated, responsible, and deeply involved in class participation. In spare time she had someone hang out or go to bars with. She even participated in some form of athletic activity. She said that extra-curricular activities can form a vital part of her experience, creating unique chances for friendship and learning.

At the end of the term we invited Rose to speak at our football meal. A little embarrassed, she leaned into the microphone and simply said, “I’m sorry I’m so nervous.”As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began, “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you’re nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year, you will turn twenty. If I’m eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year, I will turn eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. It’s non-optional but that doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the chance in change. In this way the elderly don’t have regrets for what they did, but rather for things they did not do.”Rose concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose”. She challenged us to study the words of the song and lived them out in daily lives.

At the year’s end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in honor of the wonderful woman who taught

by example that it’s never too late to be all you can possibly be.

39. Why does the author compare Rose to “time machine” in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress her old age and knowledge of life.

B. To describe the close friendship between them.

C. To show that she always enjoyed her active life.

D. To explain why she took on a challenge in college.

40. Rose was invited to speak at the football meal most probably because ______.

A. she was a great football fan

B. she was the smartest student

C. she tried hard to achieve her dream

D. she became more educated than the others

41. We can learn that Rose agreed with the idea that ______.

A. growing older means growing up

B. it takes talent and ability to grow up

C. receiving high education helps to be courageous

D. one grows older at the same time when he grows up

42. The passage is intended to ______.

A. provide an example for the elderly

B. discuss how to grow up quickly

C. tell the importance of attending college

D. inspire the readers to live up to lives

Senses That Work Together

When we think about how our senses work, we usually imagine them operating separately: you sniff a flower, and the smell is delivered uninterrupted from nose to brain. However, it’s more complex than that. Most evidence for cross-modal perception (知觉) comes from studies into sound and vision (视觉). But research that shows other senses crossing over is coming out all the time, and it seems that even sound and smell sometimes form an unlikely pairing.

When New York researchers, Daniel Wesson and Donald Wilson, tried to find out the truth about a “mysterious” area of the brain called the olfactory tubercle, they had to deal with this fact. Originally, they only intended to measure how olfactory tubercle cells in mice responded to smell. But during testing, Wesson noticed that every time he put his coffee cup down, the mouse cells jumped in activity. In fact, the olfactory tubercle is well-placed to receive both smell and sound information from the outside world. Later they found that among separate cells, most responded to a smell but a significant number were also active when a sound was made.

Some cells even behaved differently when smell and sound were presented together, by increasing or decreasing their activity.

Of course, mice aren’t people, so research team has been carrying out further experiments. They pulled together a group of people and gave them various drinks to smell. Participants were asked to sniff the drinks, and then match them to appropriate musical instruments and produce the notes at different levels. The results were interesting: piano was regularly paired with fruity fragrances; strong smells sounded like the instruments that are made of metal.

Further research found that listening to different sounds can change your perceptions. Studying taste this time, the team ordered some special toffee(太妃糖) and put together “soundscapes” corresponding to bitterness and sweetness. Participants tasted similar pieces of toffee while listening to each soundscape, and found the toffee more bitter or sweeter, depending on which soundtrack they were listening to.

Studies like this are helping scientists correctly describe our understanding of the senses, and how the brain combines them with its advantage. The consequences are worth considering. Could we see musicians work together with chefs to produce sound-improved food and drink? Will you be ordering a coffee with a soundtrack to bring out your favorite smell? Come to think of it, that could be one thing you hope coffee shop chains don’t get round to.

43. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. A lot of research focuses on the senses.

B. Sound and vision are relatively easy to study.

C. There can be a link between sound and smell.

D. Evidence about the way senses work is hard to obtain.

44. In Wesson and Wilson’s research, ______.

A. the mice were affected more significantly by sound

B. the result confirmed what the researchers had suspected

C. the mice seemed to be afraid of certain sounds or smells

D. the connection between sound and smell was found by chance

45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A. Participants took an active part in the experiments.

B. The purpose of the further experiments was totally different.

C. The result failed to support what was found in previous experiments.

D. Experiments showed that links between sound and smell were consistent.

46. How does the author feel about the effect of the research?

A. She is excited about the creative chances.

B. She is surprised at the recent developments.

C. She is convinced that the findings will be used soon.

D. She is worried about how the knowledge can be applied.

Comedy and Psychology

Earlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn’t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn’t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.

“Turn off your ed itor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,” explained Ryan. “Don’t try to be clever. Don’t try too hard to be funny…and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That’s what people want to see on stage.” Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around ta lking to others, but make sure that you’re the lowest status person here.”

I’d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There’s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we’d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.

H ere’s a joke in the book: Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you kn ow how to drive this thing?” It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it’s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny-bone in order to make us laugh.

Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn’t help us that much as a comedy. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, and I brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like

out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I’ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.

47. Why did the author attend the comedy course?

A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.

B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.

C. He worried about how other performers would find him.

D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.

48. Ryan required the people on the comedy course to______.

A. copy their favorite performance

B. imagine other people’s reactions

C. help themselves feel comfortable

D. behave in a more playful manner

49. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly.

B. To give an example of another kind of humor.

C. To prove the point about psychology of humor.

D. To show why some people are funnier than others.

50. What view does the author put forward in the end?

A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most.

B. What people find funny is often unpredictable.

C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.

D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Charisma

Are leaders born or made? Many leaders throughout history—such as Gandhi, Churchill, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King—seem to have a special quality that made them powerful and persuasive. We can identify that quality as charisma, but can we explain it?

Charisma means a natural ability to attract other people and make them admire you. It is a complex mixture of social and emotional (情感的) skills. 51 Richard Wiseman, a famous psychologist, points out that there are three key qualities of a charismatic person: They feel their own emotions strongly; they inspire strong emotions in other people; and they are unaffected by the influences of other charismatic people.

You needn’t worry if you don’t have these qualities. 52 Wiseman says that when you come upon someone who is charismatic, you can copy his or her body language and facial expressions without realizing it. This is called mirroring, and it works partly because people’s behavior influences their emotions. 53 He proves his point by giving the example of smiling back at someone who smiled at you. Your smiling back suggests that you accept the goodwill from the other person and hope to give it back to him.

54 For example, if you stand up straight and raise your chest, you are more likely to feel confident and inspire others to feel confidence in you. Another expert says that the most charismatic people are usually good listeners. They give others the impression of being focused and modest.

Charisma plays a large part in success because it is linked to self-confidence.

55 One successful leadership coach points out that you need to come by your skills and techniques naturally, she warns—if the personality you project is not real, you may come across as insincere.

A. This type of physical presence can be used to great effect.

B. Today there is growing evidence that charisma can be learned.

C. Charismatic persons should be active and sensitive to their surroundings.

D. It needs to be recognized that charisma is more than just being optimistic.

E. It helps to make strong personal connections and communicate effectively with others.

F. But it is worth noting that charisma can’t be a pretended ability although it can be learned.

G. He adds you’re unaware of picking up others’ gestures, but you know it makes

you feel good.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国笔友Jim对中华传统文化很感兴趣，经常与你讨论这方面的话题。最近你参加了一次相关活动，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 介绍这次活动；

2. 说明参加的理由；

3. 表达参加后的感受。

注意：1. 词数不少于50；

2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

_______________________________________________________________________________ Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你在一月份观看月全食的完整过程，并以“A Memorable Experience”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。

提示词：月全食 a total lunar eclipse

A Memorable Experience

_______________________________________________________________________________

英语试题答案

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）

1—5 DABDC 6—10 ACBAD 11—15 CDABC

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

16—20 BADCA 21—25 BDCAB 26—30 ADCBD 31—35 ACBDC

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

36—40 CADAC 41—45 BDCDD 46—50 ABDCB

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

51—55 EBGAF

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

一、评分原则：

1．本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。

4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5．词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。

二、各档次的给分范围和要求：

第一档

（13分－15分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。

·内容完整，条理清楚；

·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用能力。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档

（9分－12分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。

·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；·所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；

·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档

（4分－8分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

·内容不完整；

·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对写作内容的理解。未能清楚地传达信息。

第四档

（1分－3分）未完成试题规定的任务。

·写了少量相关信息；

·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。

0分未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

三、One possible version:

Dear Jim,

How’s everything going? I know you’re interested in traditional Chinese culture, so I’m writing to tell you one of my recent experiences.

I visited the Capital Museum during the winter vacation and explored Chinese history and culture. I chose it as my destination because it houses a variety of exhibits, like paintings, antiques, crafts and so on. Besides, the architecture of the museum features the combination of tradition and modernity. The visit is indeed worthwhile. I’m amazed at the wisdom of Chinese people and impressed by the brilliance of Chinese civilization.

Feel an itch for the visit? I’d like to show you around the museum. Waiting for your coming!

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（20分）

一、评分原则：

1．本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3．评分时应考虑：内容要点的完整性、上下文的连贯性、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。

4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

5．词数少于60，从总分中减去1分。

二、各档次的给分范围和要求：

第一档

（18分－20分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。

·覆盖了所有内容要点；

·运用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇；

·语法或用词方面有个别错误，但为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；体现了较强的语言运用能力；

·有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，所写内容连贯、结构紧凑。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档

（15分－17分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。

·覆盖了所有内容要点；

·运用的句式和词汇能满足任务要求；

·语法和用词基本准确，少许错误主要为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；·使用了简单的语句间连接成分，所写内容连贯。

达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档

（12分－14分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。

·覆盖了内容要点；

·运用的句式和词汇基本满足任务要求；

·语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档

（6分－11分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

·漏掉或未描述清楚内容要点；

·所用句式和词汇有限；

·语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。未能清楚地传达信息。

第五档

（1分－5分）未完成试题规定的任务。

·明显遗漏主要内容；

·句式单调、词汇贫乏；

·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。

0分未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

三、内容要点：

1. 得知消息

2. 听讲解/查资料

3. 观看月全食

4. 分享交流

四、One possible version:

A Memorable Experience

I was really lucky to witness a total lunar eclipse in January, a rare occurrence and natural wonder. More importantly, I’ve developed an interest in astronomy ever since.

One day, I was watching TV with my parents when I learned a total lunar eclipse would occur the next week. The photos of previous occasions in the news report fueled my curiosity. To have a better understanding, I attended a professional lecture about the eclipse at the weekend in the community library, listening to an explicit introduction. Back at home, I searched online for more relevant information. Finally came the big moment. Excited and amazed, I watched the eclipse with my parents and neighbors. We took photos with cellphones or cameras to record this breathtaking scene. The next day, my classmates and I shared our photos shot from different angles, having a lot of fun.

What a wonderful experience! I admired a magical beauty and accumulated astronomical knowledge.

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