英语考试复习资料(1)
翻译
1 除了每周写作之外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。
In addition to/apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis，our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation .
2 .经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你陪养说的技能
Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear ，hut will also help you build your speaking skill.
3.幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。
Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once。
4.玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。
Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself。
5.一名老妇人在她80岁的生日时候,很迫切的想知道她的女儿迈拉会送她什么礼物. P59
On the occasion of the old lady’s eightieth birthday, she waited eagerly to see what kind of present her daughter，Myra，would send to her.
6. 国庆节要到了，咱们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧，
National Day is around the corner.,let’s give out bedroom a thorough clean.
7.她非常勉强地同意让一位年轻医生为她做手术。
She agreed ,very reluctantly, to be operated on by a young doctor.
8.接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。
To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind.
9.乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细的观察，我们才发现它的确是一副杰作。
At first glance the picture didn’t look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.
10.我随信附上这篇故事的几张插图
With this letter I enclose some illustrations for the story.
11.那幢古老的建筑物四周有一圈高墙。
The ancient building was enclosed by a high wall.
12.罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。
The strike resulted in the management’s accepting the workers’ demands.
13.那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。
The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years.
14.我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的
I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.
15.经过一天的战斗，我们的士兵占领了敌人的一些重要阵地。
After a day’s fight，our soldiers succeed in taking over some important enemy positions.
16.老妇人愤愤地大声叫喊说，那个女店员骗了她。
The elderly woman angrily exclaimed that she had been cheated by the shop girl.
17.支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落到地板上。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.
完形填空:
（1）、P221-1Scientists on venus are discussing the feasibility of landing a manned flying saucer on Earth, based on information received from a satellite.
（2）、P142 -1 First at all~ most important of all, we must make him change his mind.
11.Sam Adams seemed to be born an industrial engineer. Since his very childhood, he was an
efficiency expert, or so he thought.
改错
1.After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends' attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.
在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友们的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。这后半段航程更为艰险,在此期间，他绕过了险情四伏的合恩角.
2.Even if Myra did not come, she would send a present. The old lady was sure of that. Two spots of colour brightened her cheeks. She was excited-like a child. She would enjoy her day.
即便迈拉不来，她也会寄件礼物来的。老太太对这点是拿得准的。脸颊上的两片红晕，使她满脸生辉。她心情激动——激动得像个小孩。她的这个生日一定会过得很快活的。
3.The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore it into little bits.
支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似地飘落到地板上。老太太慢慢地弯下腰，把支票从地上捡了起来。她的礼物，她的可爱的礼物! 她用颤抖的手指把支票撕了个粉碎。
4.Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems -- everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness -- are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.
让我们认真而通情达理地看一下，如果这一建议被采纳的话，会有什么样的结果。千家万户也许会利用这段时间真正地团聚一番。没有电视机的干扰，他们晚饭后也许会围坐在一起，当真交谈起来。众所周知，我们的许多问题—事实上是所有的问题，从代沟、高离婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。我们谁也不把自己心头的烦恼告诉别人，结果感情上便产生了这样那样的问题。利用这安静的、全家聚在一起的时刻来讨论我们的各种问题，我们相互之间也许会更加了解，更加相爱。
5.I had four children at the time, and the oldest was only four. We lived on a goat farm in Oklahoma, miles from anyone. All I had to do each day was take care of four kids, milk goats, and do the cooking, laundry and gardening. 写第一本书时我已经有四个孩子了，最大的也才四岁，一家人住在俄克拉何马州的一个羊场，方圆几英里都无人烟。那时我每天要干的活就是照顾四个小孩、挤羊奶、煮饭、洗衣和开辟菜园。
6.After graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didn't have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs,
a friend of my father's,owned a small shirt factory in town. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.
毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍
布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问
7.Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a V enus Being there.
8.Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches毫无价值to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there
9.They were going to Fort Lauderdale -- three boys and three girls -- and when they boarded the bus, they were carrying sandwiches and wine in paper bags, dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the gray, cold spring of Now York vanished behind them.
他们要去洛德代尔堡——三个男孩子和三个女孩子。他们上了公共汽车，用纸袋带着夹心面包和葡萄酒。当纽约灰暗寒冷的春天在他们身后消失时，他们正梦想着金色的海滩和大海的潮水。
10.Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In additional to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.
注:改错题红色字代表需考的内容
1、Complete the following passage with words chosen from the word & Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary.
On the o__occasion______(1)of the old lady’s eightieth birthday ,she waited eagerly to see what kind of present her daughter ,Myra ,would send to her .Since her first daughter ,Enid ,had died two years before ,the old lady had e__endured_____(2)the loneliness of living by herself .It was r__rare________(3)for Myra to visit her mother ,but still the old lady was proud of her .She felt sure that her daughter would celebrate her birthday with something special .As she waited for the p__postman______(4) ,the old lady t__trembled_______(5)with excitement because she was quite sure she would receive a lovely present .A __After______ a___all_____(6) ,she thought ,even if Myra paid little attention to her mother a____at____ o___other______ t ___times____ (7) ,today was a very special day .However ,when the postman came ,the old lady found to her d___disappointment______ (8)that ,rather than choosing a special gift ,Myra had simply sent her a cheque folden in a card.
1、Complete the following passage with words chosen from the word & Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary.
Sam Adams seemed to be born an industrial engineer .Since his very childhood ,he was an e___efficiency_____(1)expert ,or so he thought .He was very well organized in his everyday life . F__Furthermore_______(2) ,he tried to get every family member organized ,too .His a___amazing______(3)efficiency in doing everything and his great powers of o___observation_____(4)provided him with a good f__foundation_____(5)for a c___career_____(6)in industrial engineering .After his graduation ,he got a job in a shirt factory to r__reorganize_____(7)the a__assembly_____(8)line .It was easy for him to spot the problems .Within a week ,he was able to present his f__findings_____(9)to the m___management_____(10)and offer s__suggestions______(11)for making the operations more p_productive_____(12) ,such as broadcasting b__background_____(13)music ,beautifying the environment ,r__relieving_____(14)the boredom of the workers ,and firing whoever was h__holding_____ u___up____ (15)the work flow .U__Unfortunately____(16) ,his efforts for quality control did not work out as he had expected .
1、Complete the following passage with words chosen from the word & Phrases to Drill box. Change the forms where necessary.
Scientists on Venus are discussing the f__feasibility_____(1)of landing a manned flying saucer on Earth ,b__based_____ o___on____ (2)information received from a satellite .Their c__conclusions____(3)are that the planet Earth is u__unfit___(4)for habitation(居住)because of its highly p__polluted_____(5)condition .For one thing ,d__deadly_____(6)gases in the a__atmosphere___(7)make it e__extremely_____(8)dangerous to breathe .F__For____ a___another__(9) ,the water ,also polluted ,has become undrinkable .For these reasons ,it would be difficult for anyone to s___survive_____(10)on Earth .Undoubtedly the flying saucer program will be s___set____ b__back____(11)under these conditions ,but the Venusian scientists are determined to p__proceed_____(12)with their exploration(探索)of the planet Earth.
大学英语(本科) 18本科各专业复习资料
大学英语（本科）18本科各专业复习资料 I. Vocabulary & Structure 1. After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind _______ the police could find her lost child. A. how B. that C. where D. whether 2. Energy is _________ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything 3. We’d like to do _______ we can _________ the poor. A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help 4. My parents used ________they had to get a new car for my brother. A. which B. all what C. what D. 不填 5.We give them quizzes(测试) on Britain and allow them to the Net. A. surf B. where C. save D. address 6.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 7.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 8.They talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 9.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 10. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 11. Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______ they need. A. where B. which C. when D. what 12. She’d like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 13. ---If you are admitted to a key university, _________ as a prize? --- I’m looking for a cell phone. A. What you expect your father will offer you B. Do you expect what your father will offer you C. What do you expect will your father offer you D. What do you expect your father will offer you 14. Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price. A. that B. which C. what D. as
一年级上册英语期末考试试卷分析(人教版)
一年级上册英语期末考试试卷分析（人教版） 期末过后，每个学校都会要求老师做好试卷分析，为本次考试做好总结，下面是搜集整理的一年级英语试卷分析，大家来看看吧!想了解更多精彩内容请及时关注我们! 一、试题的特点 根据小学生的生理和心理发展需求，小学阶段英语课程的目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养他们英语学习的积极态度，使他们形成初步用英语进行简单日常交流的能力，为进一步学习打下基础，在试卷的问题设计上，增加了对学生阅读理解能力和活用语言能力的考查。 二、总体分析： 小学英语教学评价的主要目的是激励学生的学习兴趣和积极性，因此，此次其中试卷出题思路非常明确。通过考试的形式来检测小学生的学习兴趣、学习习惯和对所学知识的掌握程度。 由于一年级学生刚刚开始接触英语，因此本卷中全部试题为听力题。听力测试旨在考查学生听音、辨音及听力理解和快速反应能力。满分为100分，共九大块内容，分别为：一、听音标号;二、听音选择,将A、B字母添入括号里;三、听音，连线;四、听音选择;五、听音，圈词;六、听音涂色;七、单项选择;八、看图连线;九、数数连线。整体来看，得分 就率较高的是第一、二、三、六题，失分较多的是第四、五题。 一年级大约280人，按每题总题数计算正确率，考试具体数据见下表： 题号 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX 应对题数 2800 1400 840 2800 1680 1120 1680 1120 2800 实对题数 2755 1385 840 2741 1609 1120 1662 1100 2783 正确率 98.4% 98.9% 100% 97.89% 95.8% 100% 98.92% 98.2% 99.4% 三、问题分析 第一题，听音标号。大部分同学掌握得较好，能准确地排出顺序。不过我发现个别同学在答题的过程中，Stand up和Sit down发生了混淆，因此，在今后的教学中，我要注 意帮助他们对相近的词进行区别。 第二题主要是考察学生们对句子的认读情况。从卷面来看，学生们对单个单词的认读掌握得较好，但对句子的选择不是很准确。
小学人教版一年级英语考试试卷
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_____ thｅｄooｒ A、on B、bｅhiｎd (）５、在桌子下面 ___＿_thｅdesk A、near B、ｕnder 三．连线、（15分) 1、Ｉ’ｍhungry！给您。 2、Here yｏｕare、我渴了！ 3、Ｉ’m tｈirｓty！我想吃鱼肉。 4、Ｉｗａｎt fish、谢谢您。 ５、Tｈank you! 我饿了！ 四．选出正确得汉语意思、(15分) ( )１、riｃe A、米饭Ｂ、鱼 （）2、ｎoｏdles A、面条B、椅子 ( ）3、vegｅtable A、门Ｂ、蔬菜 （)４、chicｋen A、灯B、鸡肉
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研究生英语期末考试试卷
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
(完整版)小学一年级英语期末考试试卷
小学一年级英语期末考试试卷 二、划出下列单词中的元音字母： uncle balloon mouth leaf sing ?三、正确抄写下列单词： bicycle father jump three butterfly ?四、问答句编号 1.How old are you today? No, he hasnt. 2.Have you got a balloon? She has got a taro. 3.What do you like to eat? I like to eat peaches. 4.What has she got? No, I have got a ball. 5.Has he got a swing? Im five. ?根据实际情况回答问题： 1.Whats your name? 2.How are you? 3. How old are you? 4.How many books? (4) 5.Happy New Year!
6.Happy birthday. 7.Whats your father? 8.Whats your mother? 9.Are you a pupil? 10. Are you a teacher? 11. Is your father a doctor? 12. Is your mother a nurse? 13. Do you like meat? 14. Is it blue? (No) 15. What colour is your bag? 16. What do you see? (a butterfly) 17. Is he a policeman? (no) 18. Is she a nurse? (yes) 19. Say hello to your mother. 20. Say goodbye to your teacher. 21. Come with me. 22. What is this? ( apple) 23. What is that?(kite) 24. What do you like to eat? 25. Good morning. 26. Good afternoon. 27. Hello , Im Mary.
专业英语复习资料
给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.