大学体验英语 视听说4(unit6)听力材料及课后答案

Unit 6 Psychological Health Famous Quote

— Benjamin Franklin

Unit Overview

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems, not only physically but also psychologically. In this unit, students will be introduced to the importance of psychological health and ways to achieve it through listening, watching and reading. Various activities will inspire the students to talk about ways to cope with stress and to be happy by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a poll on ―Stress on Campus‖ with their peers.

In this unit, you will

●get to know ways to deal with stress that comes from stressful situations, different life

periods and difficult people through listening, watching and reading

●talk about the impact of stress on your physical and especially mental health, and the

ways to deal with stress through guided activities

●conduct a poll on ―Stress on Campus‖ with your peers

●pick up useful words and expressions

●learn to reflect on your own learning and comment on that of your peers

●learn to think independently, critically and creatively

Background Information

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.

Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way. When you sense danger--- whether i t’s real or imagined--- the body’s defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the ―fight-or-flight‖ reaction,

Benjamin Franklin (1706 — 1790): One of the Founding Fathers of the

United States. As a noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and

printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic

activist, statesman, soldier, and diplomat. He helped draw up the

Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role

in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the

colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.

or the stress response.

The stress response is the body’s way of protecting you. When working properly, it helps you stay focused, energetic, and alert. In emergency situations, stress can save your life – giving you extra strength to defend yourself, for example, or spurring you to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident.

The stress response also helps you rise to meet challenges. Stress is what keeps you on your toes during a presentation at work, sharpens your concentration when you’re attempting the game-winning free throw, or drives yo u to study for an exam when you’d rather be watching TV.

But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life.

Effects of chronic stress

The body doesn’t distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When you’re stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation. If you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be ―on‖ most of the time. The more your body’s stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and the harder it is to shut off.

Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-term stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.

Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:

●Pain of any kind

●Heart disease

●Digestive problems

●Sleep problems

●Depression

●Obesity

●Autoimmune diseases

●Skin conditions, such as eczema

Topic Preview

1. Read the passage on Page X and learn useful expressions related to the relationship between healthy mind and healthy body.

2. Log on line and search for information concerning the importance of psychological health and some kinds of psychological health problems.

Lesson One

Lead in

Task 1 Describing the Picture

1. How differently did the remaining Bell Labs executives perform according to the study conducted by Dr Salvatore Maddi and his team?

Answer: One group of them developed severe performance problems and health issues over the next few years; the other group remained healthy, enthusiastic and performed well at work.

2．What does the case of Smitha, the airhostess, tell us?

Answer: It is possible to learn these attitudes of dealing with stress.

3. What did the study conducted by Drs Dacher Keltner and LeeAnne Harker reveal?

Answer: A happy disposition is one of the better predictors of health.

4. Why did the author say ―In our busy world, we need to make time and demonstrate love and affection to our children‖?

Answer: Studies show that children need this to grow happily and healthily.

5. What did Writer William Helmreich deem an important factor in the thousands of Jews’ building a good life after they had survived the German death and torture factories and moved to America?

Answer: T o find meaning in their experience and ―interpret their survival in a way to give meaning to the rest of their lives.‖

Task 3 Expanding Your Vocabulary

Read through the words in the left-hand column, and match each of them with the appropriate meaning in the right-hand column.

1. expert A. the degree to which a thing extends

2. active B. a person with special knowledge, skill or training in sth.

3. involved C. being part of sth. or connected with sth.

4. constantly D. unwillingly

5. extent E. all the time; repeatedly

6. reluctantly F. always busy doing things, especially physical activities

Key: 1-B 2-F 3-C 4-E 5-A 6-D

Audio Studio

Word Bank

1. What ’s the topic of this audio clip?

A) Symptoms of heart disease

B) A new report from Dr. Davidson

C) Dr. Davidson and her report

2. Which is NOT true about happiness?

1. contagious

2. obscure

3. protective

4. content

5. reveal

6. coronary

7. clinical adj.

adj.

adj.

adj.

v.

adj.

adj.

spreading easily from one person to another 感染的 not easily or clearly seen or understood; indistinct; hidden 不分明的 that protects or is intended to protect 保护的 satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 满足的 make (fact, etc.) known 使（事实等）显露出来 of the arteries supplying blood to the heart 冠状动脉的 of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illness 临床的

A) It may lead to more chance of heart attack.

B) Happiness is contagious.

C) Happiness can keep you healthy..

Listen to the audio clip again, and answer the following questions.

1.Who is Dr. Davidson?

Answer: A New York researcher.

2.How long does Dr. Davidson’s research last?

Answer:10 years.

3.What does her study imply?

Answer:Remaining happy may help prevent heart disease.

Source

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8616351756.html,/viewthread.php?tid=228119&extra=page%3D1 Video Studio

Word Bank

1. be gaga over be crazy about 对……着迷

2. be on be on air 上节目

3. counteract v. oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions 消解

5. adrenalin n. 肾上腺素

6. apathetic adj. showing little or no emotion or animation 冷淡的

7. in knots nervous, strained 紧张的

8. cumulative adj. increasing by successive addition, accumulative 累积的

9. sleep in sleep later than usual or customary, sleep late 睡懒觉

10. beat adj. very tired 非常疲惫的

11. hamper v. prevent the progress or free movement of 防碍

12. cortisol n. 皮质(甾)醇

13. tax v. make heavy demands on (sth.), strain 造成(某事物)的重负

Complete the following statements with the phrases given below. Predict what will be talked about in the video. Then check your answers after watching the video clip.

fight off pump out break up

lead to in knots sleep in

1.And then the last guy hired me, because, you know, when you’re kind of over it, you’re no

longer in knots.

2.That’s why a lot of people, they want to sleep in on the weekends or on Friday nights.

3.…so everything all your body’s resources are being taken to focus on dealing with the stress

instead of fighting off the cold.

4.Yea, I mean when you’re stressed, your body is pumping out more chemicals and hormones

like cortisol and…

5.It does. Well, it’s like laughing. It’s something physical that sort of like breaks up the

hormones that are going through your body.

Watch the video clip again. Identify the incorrect information in the following statements, and make corrections where necessary.

1. Stress makes people nervous, so all stress is not helpful at all.

Correction: Some stress called EU-stress helps people focus.

2.In stressful situations, people should not pay attention to their heart beating fast.

Correction: In some stressful situations, people can even focus on their heart beating fast.

3.Stress would go away all by itself.

Correction: Stress is cumulative.

4. Drinking helps people to deal with the week-long stress effect on them.

Correction: Drinking actually can worsen the body’s reaction.

5. Amy admits she is stressed at the end of the show.

Correction: Amy claims that she is not stressed and that she feels ok.

Speaking Workshop

Expressions & Structures to Use

Task 1 Summarizing

Discuss with your peers and complete the following tips with the information you have learned in the audio and video clips. Then prepare an oral presentation with the help of the tips.

Task 2 Solving the Problem

Work with your peers on the situation below and try to come up with a solution to the problem described. You are expected to share your ideas and justify yourself in this process. Use as many phrases from the “Expressions & Structures to Use” box as possible.

Situation

1.Work in groups of four. Suppose the four students are chatting about next week’s work load.

One of you is going to have a very stressful week and is very much in knots. He/she turns to the rest of you for effective advice on how to deal with the stressful situations.

2.You have 15 minutes to discuss within your own group.

3.Several groups will be selected to present their role plays. The rest of the class will vote for

the one they feel happiest to support in each group’s performance.

Project Bulletin

Work on the following real-life project with your group members and present your report in the next class.

Real-Life Project

Work in a group of six to eight. As a workgroup from the TV program Mental Health Today , you are assigned to present a program on ―Stress on Campus ‖. Design a questionnaire which can gather the information concerning the stress the college students are experiencing and how they react to the stress. Ask students in your university to fill

in the questionnaires. Summarize and analyze the answers. Then present in the next class a program which includes the results of the survey and suggestions of effective treatment for stress.

Lesson Two

Lead in

Task 1 Brainstorming

You may have read or learnt from your observation of people around you that adults are dealing with tons of stress in their career life and in their family life. Recall as much as possible of the stress.

Read through the words in the left-hand column, and match each of them with the appropriate meaning in the right-hand column.

1. interact A. declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

2. preoccupied B. act together or towards others or with others

3. deception C. having abnormal and excessive love or admiration for oneself

4. patronizing D. the act of causing someone to believe a false statement

5. narcissistic E. having or showing excessive or compulsive concern with sth.

6. acknowledge F. (of behavior or attitude) characteristic of those who treat others as

an inferior

Key: 1-B 2-E 3-D 4-F 5-C 6-A

Audio Studio

Word Bank

1. trigger v. be the cause of a sudden (often violent reaction; set an action or process

in motion) 引发

2. exclusively adv. not including sb./sth. ; not counting sb. 排他的

3. compliments n. praises 赞扬

4. refrain v. keep oneself from doing sth. 克制

5. obsessive

强迫症

compulsive

disorder

Listen to the audio clip, and choose the right answers to the questions.

1.Which of the following sentences can serve as the summary of the clip?

A)Everyone knows someone who is difficult to be around.

B) Some people could have a personality disorder.

C) There are simple ways to deal with some behaviors.

2.How many kinds of people have been talked about?

A)Three.

B) Four.

C) Five.

Listen to the audio clip and fill in the blanks.

1. A person with a paranoid personality is someone who is very much preoccupied with the

loyalty of other people.

2.The solution: stick to conversation topics that are safe and not too personal, avoid any signs

of criticisms or attack and refrain from using language that is patronizing.

3. A narcissistic person really believes that she is better than you essentially and that ―because

I’m another person I’m better than you, I’m entitled to expect you to do things for me; I’m entitled to be focused exclusively on my own needs and kind of disregard yours.‖

4.So how do you deal with those ego maniacs? Don’t be defensive with t his person.It could

trigger a fight and try to make you an important part of his or her world in order to keep up the relationship.

5.People with obsessive compulsive disorder can make others jumpy. Try acknowledging their

hard work with compliments. Compromise with them when possible and also avoid conflict.

Source

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8616351756.html,/viewthread.php?tid=179775&extra=page%3D1

Video Studio

Word Bank

1. ups and downs alternate good and bad luck 幸运与不幸的交替

2. blues n. a state of depression 忧郁的情绪

3. combat v. fight or struggle against 与（某人/某物）战斗

4. intense adj. (of sensation) very great or severe; extreme （感觉）强烈的

5. gear up make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose

or for some use, event, etc.增速传动

6. feel-good

chemical that makes you feel good 让人心情变好的元素chemical

7. boost v. increase the strength or value of (sth.); help or encourage (sb./sth.)

增强

8. PMS premenstrual syndrome, a syndrome that occurs in many women

from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation 经前综合症9. delegate v. choose sb. to carry out (duties, a task, etc.) 委派某人执行（职责、

任务等）

10. serotonin n. a neurotransmitter involved in e.g. sleep and depression and

memory血清素

11. raging adj. characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very

intense非凡的

12. elevate v. lift sth./sb. up; raise sth./sb. to a higher place or rank 提升

13. bloating n. being swollen with fat, gas or liquid 肿胀的

14. rule of thumb rough practical method of assessing or measuring sth., usu. based

on past experience rather than on exact measurement, etc. (and

therefore not completely reliable in every case or in every detail)

（对事物）粗略但实用的估计方法（通常指凭经验而不作精确

的计量等，故并非时时处处均可靠）

15. drag v. move slowly and with effort 拖拖拉拉

16. spouse n. husband or wife 配偶

17. prioritize v. assign a priority to 优先

18. get into a rut start leading a routine existence 开始过刻板的生活

Task 1 Matching & Predicting

Complete the following statements with the phrases given below. Predict what will be talked about in the video. Then check your answers after watching the video clip.

gear up trigger off pick out

lead to rule of thumb ups and downs

1.… are there actually different things that trigger off the blues and depression depending on

your age?

2.Well, that’s a time of intense stress, because a lot of people are really gearing up their careers,

so they’re working very hard, …

3. A good rule of thumb is if you actually look forward to it, say yes, but if you’re kind of

dragging it, that’s the time to say no, …

4.Women, mothers especially think, ―I’m the only one to pick out my kid’s dress.‖

5.It is good for sleep problems, because that can also lead to depression as well.

1.Why are there different ways to combat depression at different ages?

Answer: Because at different stages of life, people are dealing with different stresses.

2.What are the triggers of the depression in the 30s?

Answer:Working very hard and raising young children or getting pregnant.

3.Why is saying yes a default especially of women?

Answer:Because women are trained to be sort of pleasing.

4.What are some of the issues the 40s have to face?

Answer:Being the sandwich generation and their raging hormones level.

5.Why are the 40s called the Sandwich Generation?

Answer:Because they not only have to care for their kids but take care of aging parents.

Watch the video clip again and complete the following table concerning the ways to deal with depression and be happy at different ages.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8616351756.html,/id/26184891/vp/35707410#35707410

Speaking Workshop

Expressions & Structures to Use

Discuss with your peers and complete the following tips with the information you have learned in the video clip. Then prepare an oral presentation with the help of the tips.

Debate on the motion The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up.

~ Mark Twain

Read through the Pros and Cons of the motion provided in the box, and develop your own arguments. During the debate, you are expected to justify yourself, challenge the opposite view and respond to your opponents properly and skillfully.

Alternative debate: Wealth brings happiness.

Teamwork show

Task 1 Team Review

In each group, discuss with each other how you designed and researched your project and reflect on what you have learnt in the process. You should consider the areas of similarities and

Task 2 Project Report

Present your project to the class and hand in your report. Include in your comments to the class reflections on the areas of similarities and differences within your group as established in Task 1 above.

Task 3 Challenging & Defending

After each group’s presentation, other students in the class should raise questions and make suggestions. Members of the group should respond when challenged.

Home Listening

Listen to the audio clip and fill in the blanks with the exact words or sentences. You are expected to do it after class and check the answers on your own.

It’s common sense that if you are extremely unhappy in your job, and you come home and

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(5)self-esteen (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxiety Task 3 happiness index Keys: B D A A C Let’s Talk Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two step (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) fortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing (18) learn Further Listening and Speaking Task 1: Big John is ing!

(S1) owner (S2) running (S3) drop (S4) run (S5) local (S6) yelling, (S7) lives!” (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is ing?” Task 2 Reason and emotion Key : A B C C D

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最新版新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版4答案（全新版本）Unit 1 enjoy your feelings! II C B D A D l Listening In Task 1 what a clumsy man! Keys: A C D C B Task 2 causes of depression Keys: (1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4) certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxiety Task 3 happiness index Keys: B D A A C l Let’s Talk Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learn l Further Listening and Speaking

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