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专家谈PETS三级听力命题规律及高分对策

一、三级听力命题规律

三级听力部分在100分的原始分中就占20分, 而其加权占了30%, 可见PETS对听力的重视。三级的听力理解部分由A(10段简短对话，4选1)和B(4段对话或独白，4选1)部分组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。A节考查考生理解事实性信息的能力，而B节考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。要系统复习听力首先从功能意念开始，包括友好往来、交流补救、态度、情感、影响生活话语、时间表达、空间意念和比较关系等。从听力信息上讲，应当学会理解主旨要义、获取事实性具体信息、理解明确表达的概念性含义、进行有关的判断、推理和引申、理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。要在听力部分得到高分，平时的训练技巧和考试的良好发挥都是不容忽视的。

依据图式理论，在语言的理解中，信息的接受者运用语言知识来分析、整合话语时采用自下而上(bottom-up)的加工模式，相反在运用非语言知识时采用的却是自上而下(top-down)的方式。听解中，前者对听解起制约性的关键作用，后者在听解中起辅助的作用。由此，我们可以得出结论，语言知识和非语言知识在听解中有着各自的作用，绝不能因顾此而失彼，听能的培养当中，只注重侧重语言知识或是片面地强调熟能生巧都会事倍功半甚至是徒劳无功的。学习者在平时的自主学习当中，也要从这两方面入手，着力提高语言知识水平，提高学习者利用非语言知识分析、归纳获取语言信息的能力。

(一)、平时训练技巧

1.跟读标准的英语

众所周知，英语听说不分家。口语提高了，听力自然也会提高。因此，可借助录音机或复读机跟读标准的的英语，这样能强化语音语调，自然适应和习得地道的发音规则，如失去爆破、连读、弱读等等;跟读还能培养语感,增强记忆。

2.多听合适的听力材料

合适的听力材料包括：一、各种考试真题和模拟题的录音带; 二、英美访谈类节目;三、大学英语一、二年级的教材，等等。总之，听力材料应根据个人水平选择，把握循序渐进的原则。选材不宜太难，也不宜太易。

3.多进行速记和记忆方面的训练

听力考试要求考生在很短的时间内记住听到的重要信息，这需要很强的短期记忆能力。为加强短期记忆，考生可掌握一些速记的方法。比如利用缩略词、符号、首字母等记下重要的数字、时间、地点、中心词等。

4.全面提高自身英语各方面的水平

提高英语听力的水平单靠"听"是不能解决问题的, 个人的听力水平的高低与其掌握的词汇量、对语法结构的熟悉程度、知识面、理解能力甚至阅读速度等都密切相关。因此，学生应注意全面提升自己听说读写的能力，尤其是语法和词汇量方面的积累。

(二)、临场发挥技巧

1.力争主动，带着问题听。

听力理解中的每一个问题都留有15秒的答题时间。考生可充分利用这段时间去阅读试卷上各题的问题。正式开始做题之后，要严格控制答题时间，根据自己听懂的内容，尽快确定并标出答案。剩下的5秒钟用于浏览下一题的问题和选择项。这样，考生基本上可以预

测出下一个对话的大致内容，并带着问题集中锁定对话中的有关信息，从而使自己在听力测试中处于主动地位。

2.科学利用答题时间

做完上一题，余下的几秒钟内看不完下一题的书面选择项时，则应把注意力放在听上，而不要为了看而耽误了听录音的内容。

3.最大化地获取信息

在听懂大意的基础上，抓住所听内容的主旨与有关细节，同时利用在预读中得到的潜在信息，并用自己熟悉的形式把关键信息、数字等迅速记录下来。做到耳眼并用，一边听录音信息，一边浏览书面信息，边听边分析整理。采取抓信息词，抓关键词，采用预测法，排除法等等一切手段进行判断和选择。

二、短对话的命题思路与解题技巧

短对话部分是日常生活中的一般对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题，可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面。对话部分常见的及应注意的题型有以下几种：

(一)地点类

(二)人物关系类

(三)数字计算类

(四)言外之意类

(五)语法类

三、长对话或独白的命题思路与解题技巧

B节听力包含了四段对话，15个选择问题。按照大纲对三级听力的“能够听懂英语的一般性谈话或讨论”的要求，这部分的篇幅比较长(每段对话或独白大约200词左右)，包含的信息量大，没有上下文提示或信息重复，而且三至四个问题扑面而来，比起短对话部分要难一些。这部分的基本题型可以归结为以下几类：、

(一)对话

B节的长对话是A节的短对话的延伸，它与A节的短对话有共同之处。与短对话一样，在听B节的长对话时，应注意说话的一切语域因素，包括说话双方的身份、相互关系、场合等，虽然这些并不一定被考到，但是他们有助于对谈话内容的理解。但是A节的短对话中的细节题比较多，而B节的长对话中的综合性问题比较多。

1、采访类

2.交换观点类

(二)独白

1.故事类

2.文化知识类

3.科普知识类

4.个人体验类

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