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新标准英语综合教程课文翻译模板

新标准英语综合教程课文翻译模板
新标准英语综合教程课文翻译模板

How Empathy Unfolds

The moment Hope, just ninemonths old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up inher own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had beenhurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bearfor his crying friend Paul; whenPaul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him.

霍普才九个月大, 一见到另一个婴儿摔倒, 泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰, 就仿佛是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗; 保罗不停地大

哭的时候, 迈克尔替保罗捡回她的安乐毯。

Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results ofthe study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy.Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying –a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy.

这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明, 同感的根源能够追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上, 从出生的那天起, 婴儿在听到其它婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。

Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart

from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears.

成长心理学家发现, 甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其它人而存

在之前, 婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月, 婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应, 就仿佛她们自己的烦躁不安

一样, 看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。

By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a one-year-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. 到了一岁左右, 她们开始意识到痛苦不是她们的, 而是别人的, 可是她们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如, 在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中, 一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友, 却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。

This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears.

这样的困惑在其它一岁大的孩子身上也能看到, 她们模仿别的孩

子的痛苦, 可能是为了更好地理解她们的感受。例如, 如果别的婴儿伤了手指, 一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里, 看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭, 婴儿即使没有眼泪, 也会擦拭自己的眼睛。

Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sortof physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.

这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是”同感”的原始字面含义, 而”同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是: 同感发自对她人痛苦的一种身体模仿; 这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling.

她当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词; 同情是针对她人的一般

困境而发的, 无须分担她人的任何感受。

Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. A typical incident, from a mother's diary:

小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为, 那时她们会意

识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同, 会更有能力安慰别人。下面是摘自一位母亲日记里的典型事例:

A neighbor's baby cries and Jenny approaches and tries to give him some cookies. She follows him around and begins to whimper to herself. She then tries to stroke his hair, but he pulls away …He calms down, but Jenny still looks worried.She continues to bring him toys and to pat his head and shoulders.

邻居家的婴儿哭了, 珍妮走上前去, 试图给她一些小甜饼。她跟着她转, 开始带着哭腔低声自言自语。然后她试图抚摸她的头发, 可是她躲开了……她平静下来, 可是珍妮依然面带忧色。她继续给她拿来玩具, 轻拍她的头和肩膀。

At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other people's emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out.

在这个年龄, 幼儿对于她人感情波动的总体敏感度开始有所不同, 有些像珍妮一样, 感同身受, 有些则不予理睬。

A series of studies by Marian Radke-Yarrow and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler at the National Institute of Mental Health showed that a large part of this difference in empathic concern had to do with how parents disciplined their children. Children, they found, were more empathic when the discipline included calling strong attention to the distress their

misbehavior caused someone else:

美国国家心理健康研究所的玛丽安·拉德克-亚罗和卡罗琳·察恩-瓦克斯勒所做的一系列研究表明, 这种在同感关注方面的差异

大部分与父母怎样教养子女有关。她们发现, 如果在家教中让孩子特别注意她们的恶作剧给别人造成的痛苦, 孩子就比较有同感心。"Look how sad you've made her feel" instead of "That was naughty". They found too that children's empathy is also shaped by seeing how others react when someone else is distressed; by imitating what they see, children develop a repertoire of empathic response, especially in helping other people who are distressed.

比如对孩子说”瞧你让她多伤心啊”, 而不是说”你真调皮”。她们也发现, 观看别人遇到痛苦时其它人的反应, 儿童的同感心也会受到影响。经过模仿亲眼所见, 儿童能培养出一套同感反应行为, 特别是在帮助那些痛苦的人的时候。

That was the strapline of the film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI's most-wanted list for forgery. Hunted and caught in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Tom Hanks), Abagnale later

escaped. He eventually became a consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar crime.

这是的电影《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。影片讲述了小弗兰克?阿巴格纳尔( 莱昂纳多?迪卡普里奥饰演) 的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年轻骗术大师, 曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色, 在26个国家伪造了价值600万美元以上的支票。她成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。在影片中, 阿巴格纳尔被虚构的联邦调查局特工卡尔?汉拉提( 汤姆?汉克斯饰演) 追捕, 但后来逃脱了。她最终成了联邦调查局专攻白领犯罪的顾问专家。

3 It's a great film, but could it happen in real life? In fact, Catch Me If You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, whose career as a fraudster lasted about six years before he was caught, who escaped from custody three times (once through an airplane toilet), and who spent a total of six years in prison in France, Sweden and the US. He now runs a consultancy advising the world of business how to avoid fraud. He has raised enough money to pay back all his victims, and is now a multi-millionaire.

《有种来抓我》是一部很棒的电影, 但影片中的事情会在现实生活中发生吗? 其实, 《有种来抓我》是根据弗兰克?阿巴格纳尔的真实故事改编的, 她的行骗生涯持续了大约六年; 被抓后, 曾三次逃脱监管( 有一次是从飞机的厕所逃走的) ; 在法国、瑞典和美国的

监狱中总共度过了六年时光。她现在经营一家咨询事务所, 为企业界提供防造假咨询。她挣到了足够的钱, 赔付了所有的受害者, 如今已是大富豪。

4 Since , identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.

以来, 身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很少有人会想象到, 为了预防这种改变人生的犯罪, 采取一些预防措施有多么重要, 比如把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道扔出去, 甚至使用几美元一支的( 特效) 笔等等。

5 More and more people are becoming anonymous victims of identity theft. We spend many hours and dollars trying to recover our name, our credit, our money and our lives. We need to look for different ways to protect ourselves. We can improve our chances of avoiding this crime, but it will never go away.

越来越多的人正在成为身份盗窃案的无名受害者。我们花费许多时间和金钱, 去努力挽回我们的姓名、我们的信用、我们的钱和我们的生活。我们需要想方设法来保护自己。我们能够减少此

Unit-10-Agriculture新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译讲课稿

Unit 10 Agriculture Farming for the Future [1] Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet. [2] First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used. [3] If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease. [4] Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well. [5] In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse. [6] Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef.

泛读4课文翻译

Unit?1?普通人的胜出之道? 在大学里,Jim似乎是一个非常优秀的快速成功者。他用很少的努力取得很好的等第,他的同学评选他是“最可能成功的人”。毕业后,他有几个工作可选。? Jim进入一家大型保险公司的销售部门并且在工作之初表现很好。但他很快陷入一种停滞不前的状态,随后跳到一家更小的公司,情况同样如此。厌倦了销售工作,他开始尝试销售管理。然而之前的模式又发生了:他深受喜爱,被认为是一个能快速成功的人,但他很快就只能像哑炮一样只能发出微弱的嘶嘶声了。现在他为另外一家公司卖保险,并且疑惑他为什么不能做得更好。? Joseph?D'Arrigo是另外一个例子。“我总把我自己看作是一个普通人,”D'Arrigo告诉我。“我进入寿险这一行,做得还算不错。我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会委员。一时间我吓得要命。”? 当他开始了解这些成功者时,D'Arrigo意识到了什么:“他们并没有比我有更高的天赋。他们也是普通人,只是他们把眼光放高一些,然后找到了实现他们目标的途径。”他还意识到了更多的东西:“如果其他普通人可以梦想远大的梦想,我也可以。”现在他自己拥有一个市值数百万美元的专营员工福利的公司。? 为什么像D'Arrigo这样的普通人似乎经常能比像Jim一样的人取得更多的成功呢?为了找出其中的原因,在我作为公司咨询者的工作中,我与超过190个人进行了面谈。非正式调查的结果为我证实了Theodore?Roosevelt曾经说过的话:“成功的普通人不是天才,他仅仅拥有平凡品质,但他将他的那些平凡品质发展到超出常人的水平。”?我坚信那些胜出的普通人有以下特点:?懂得自律。“你不需要成功的天赋,”科罗拉多州丹佛市Porter纪念医院的首席执行官,因扭转经营不善的医院而获得名望的Irwin?C.?Hansen?强调“你的全部所需是一大罐胶水。你在你的椅子上涂上一些,在裤子的臀部涂上一些,然后坐在上面,坚持做每一件事直到你做到了你自己的最好。”? 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获,甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。反观诸多快速成功者,他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。当回报不能立刻兑现时,他们就会变得灰心丧志,愁苦不堪。?五十年前,一组研究人员开始了一个雄心勃勃的长期研究,他们分析了268个男性大学生的即将走上的人生轨迹。在这些现在已经年近古稀的老人中,研究人员发现在校表现与工作能力的联系很小。而一些品质比如“沉着稳重和可以信赖”与“实践能力和组织能力”更为重要。根据现在主持研究工作的心理医生George?E.?Vaillant?的说法,一个决定性的精神习惯是他所说的“延缓而非放弃满足欲望的能力”。? 财务策划者Frances?Johansen在她的工作上也从人们管理他们的金钱以及事业的方法中领悟到了这个的原则。她讲述了两对与她商议过的夫妇。一对是从事专业性工作的夫妇,两人都是大学学历的快速成功者。“他们每年能赚超过140000美元”Johansen?说“但是他们现在欠债60000美元,并且除了一大堆抵押物和账单之外没有什么能够作为他们努力工作的成果展示。然后是另外一对40多岁的夫妇,”她继续说道“他们牺牲了他们早先的几年,以最快的速度置办了一个家,之后他们做了些投资并且拥有了很多股票。现在他们住在一个温馨的家中,也再也不用过那些精打细算的日子了。”这家的男主人是一个蓝领,“只有一个中学文凭,”Johansen?提到。“但他十分努力地工作,用自律和耐心一步一步的建立他的事业。”?表现人们最好的一面。曾经的南加州大学洛杉矶分校校长,后任《镜报》首席执行官的Franklin?Murphy直率地说:他的成功是建立在别人天赋的基础上的。“我一直在寻找那些有天赋,能自律的人。然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。我招募他们,激励他们,每当我们取得什么成绩时,我与他们一起分享荣誉。

英语泛读教程3 课文翻译

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