陶洁《美国文学选读》(第2版)复习笔记(第16单元 厄内斯特

16.1复习笔记

Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961)（厄内斯特·海明威）

1.Life（生平）

Hemingway was born in Oak park,Illinois.His father was a physician and his mother was a music teacher.He had on the whole a happy boyhood.After leaving school at17,he tried to enlist in the army but was rejected because of his injured eye.He went to the Kansas City Star and served as its reporter.Then he was recruited as an ambulance driver working with the Red Cross and went to Europe. This led to the crucial happening of his life.His war experience proved so shattering and nightmarish that his life and writings were permanently affected.

Hemingway was a myth in his own time and a myth in American literature.He was a glamorous public hero of sorts whose style of writing and living was probably more imitated than any other writers in human memory.His public image was one of a tough guy.He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.

In his later years he often behaved in an odd manner and looked much older than his years.Possibly because he could not write any more,or possibly because he could not act out his code,or because of both and his ill health,he shot himself on July2,1961.The world was shocked into the disconcerting awareness that,with his death,an era had come to an end.

海明威出生于伊利诺州的奥克帕克。父亲是内科医生，母亲是音乐教师。总的来说，他

有着快乐的童年。他17岁离开学校，曾试图参军，但因眼疾而未能成行，就到《堪萨斯城星报》任见习记者。后志愿参加美国红十字会组织的战地救护队，在意大利前线当救护车司机。这对他的一生产生了深远的影响。这段战争经历如噩梦一般长期影响了海明威的生活和写作。

海明威是他所在那个年代的神话，同时也是美国文学上的神话。他是星光闪耀的公众英雄，他的写作风格和生活方式受到很多人的模仿。在公众眼里，他是个十足的硬汉子。1954年海明威获得诺贝尔文学奖。

晚年海明威行为古怪，看起来比实际年龄苍老许多。或许因为其文思枯竭，或许因为他不能实践自己的行为准则，又或许二者皆有之，再加上疾病缠身，他于1961年7月2日开枪自杀。举世震惊，海明威的逝世标志着美国文学史上一个时代的结束。

2.The Hemingway Code Hero（“海明威式英雄”）

Hemingway writes all his life about one theme,which is summed up in the famous phrase“grace under pressure”.He writes this theme together with a Hemingway hero.Hemingway’s world is a world essentially chaotic and meaningless,in which man fights a solitary struggle against a force he does even understand.The awareness that it must end in defeat,no matter how hard he strives against it,engenders a sense of despair,but the Hemingway hero possesses the despairing courage.It is this courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity.This is the essence of a code of honor in which all of Hemingway’s heroes believed.Hemingway’s characters,Nick Adams, Jake Barnes,Frederic Henry,and Santiago are all typical Hemingway heroes.

海明威的一生都在描写一个主题，即“重压下的风度”。他同时塑造了典型的“海明威式英雄”。海明威笔下的世界在本质上混乱不堪，毫无意义可言。在这样的世界里，人单枪匹马去抵抗他自己都无法理解的力量。他意识到无论自己多么努力，最终还是会以失败告终并导致失望的情绪。但是“海明威式英雄”具备一种绝望中的勇气。正是这种勇气使他表现出大丈夫气概，在逆境中保持尊严。这是所有“明威式英雄”都相信的荣誉的准则。海明威小说中的人物，尼克·亚当斯、杰克·巴恩斯、弗瑞德里克·亨利、圣地亚哥等都是典型的“海明威式英雄”。

3.Major Works主要作品

In Our Time(1925)《在我们的时代里》

The Sun Also Rises(1926)《太阳照样升起》

A Farewell to Arms(1929)《永别了，武器》

For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)《丧钟为谁而鸣》

The Old Man and the Sea(1952)《老人与海》

4.Selected works（选读作品）

◆A Clean,Well-Lighted Place《一个干净明亮的地方》

The story happens in a small Spanish café,and it develops among three men, an old consumer,a mid-aged waiter and a younger waiter.The old man is rich,but life is meaningless for him;he fails to commit suicide and drinks a lot so as to kill time and inanity.The younger waiter is self-confident,selfish and cannot wait to go home to his wife.However,the mid-aged man has a deep understanding of life;he

is sympathetic,knowing that youth,love,and passion are written in water,and they will be replaced with despair and emptiness,and people need courage and self-esteem,or he can only face the fear brought about by darkness and emptiness with sleep and oblivion.

Hemingway employs naturalism and symbolism in writing of this story.

故事发生的场景是一个西班牙小咖啡馆。情节的发展围绕老年顾客、中年侍者和年轻侍者等三人。老年人富有，但生活对他毫无意义，他自杀未遂，靠酗酒排遣空虚。年轻人自信，自私，急于下班回家和妻子亲热。而中年人对人生深有所悟，因而富有同情心，知道青春、爱情、激情转瞬即逝，代之而来的是绝望和虚无，人需要勇气和自尊，否则只能用睡眠和忘却来填补对黑暗和空寂的恐惧。

在写作中，海明威运用了自然主义和象征主义手，寓意深刻。

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第16课

单词学习 park 1) n. 公园(public garden) the Central Park （纽约的）中央公园 2) v. 停车stop and leave (a vehicle) in a place for a time eg. You can’t park in this street. 你不能在这条街上停车。 parking lot (Am) 停车场 car park (Br) 停车场 eg. No parking! 禁止停车！ eg. No smoking! 禁止抽烟！ eg. No spitting! 禁止吐痰！ traffic [U] (vehicles moving along a road or street) 往来于街道的车辆 heavy traffic 往来车辆很多 light traffic 往来车辆不多 名词修饰名词 a traffic accident 交通事故 traffic regulations 交通法规 a traffic policeman 交通警察 traffic jam 交通堵塞 or: heavy traffic交通堵塞 ticket 1) [C] 票（机票，车票，电影或入场券） eg. Do you want a single or a return/round ticket? 你想要单程票还是往返票？ eg. I’ve got two tickets for the World Cup Final. 我有两张世界杯决赛的票。 2) [C] （交通违章）罚款单 get a parking ticket 收到违章停车罚款单 a speeding ticket 超速驾驶罚款单 note 1) [C] 笔记，摘记（通常用pl.）(short written record to aid the memory) make notes or: take notes 做笔记 eg. He never forgets to make notes for his speech. 他从不忘记在做演讲前拟好讲稿。eg. Students are busy taking notes in class. 学生们在课上忙着做笔记。 a note-book 笔记本，记事本 eg. You will take a lot of notes on your note-books. 你将在笔记本上做许多笔记。 2) (short letter) 短信，便笺，便条 a note of thanks 感谢信 leave sb a note 给…留个便条 leave sb a message 给…留个口信 note paper 便条纸 a diplomatic [,dipl?'m?tik] note 外交照会 3) (paper money) 纸币 bill纸币(U.S.)←→coin 硬币 eg. Do you want the money in notes or in coins? 这钱你是要纸币还是要硬币呢？paper money/paper currency 纸币 英美的主要硬币 Am 统称Br 1 cent 1分penny 便士 2 pence 2便士 5 cents 5分nickel五分镍币 5 pence 5便士

人教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总

新人教版｜八年级上学期英语所有必考知识点大汇总 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 【重点语法】 不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 用法注意： 1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。 some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。 2. 由some, any, no, every 与body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。 3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting 【重点短语】 1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at + 小地方到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 【词语辨析】 1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数“许多…” 2. seem + 形容词看起来…... You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名“到达......” arrive at +小地点 （注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home） 4. feel like sth 感觉像… feel doing sth. 想要做某事 5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。 6. because of +名/代/V-ing because+从句 He can’t take a walk because of the rain. I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词足够的…... 形容词/副词+enough Unit2 How often do you exercise? 【重点语法】 1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2.“次数”的表达方法 一次once，两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times, 3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。 常见的how疑问词： 1）How soon 多久（以后） —How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？ —He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。 2）how long “多久” —How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？ —It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。 3）How many+名复 How much+不可名 “多少”问数量（how much 还可问价格） 【重点短语】 1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动 9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同 11. once a month一月一次12. twice a week一周两次 13.make a difference to 对......有影响/作用14. most of the students=most students 15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16. be good for 对......有益 17. be bad for 对......有害18. come home from school放学回家 19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩 21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假 【词语辨析】 1. maybe / may be maybe 是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是...，也许是...，大概是...”. The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry. The woman may be a teacher. 2. a few / few / a little / little a few (少数的，几个，一些) a little (一点儿，少量) 表示肯定 few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的) 表示否定 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150. There is little time left. I w on’t catch the first bus. Could you give me a little milk? 3. hard / hardly hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意

海明威英文简介

Ernest Hemingway 1899-1961, American novelist and short-story writer, b. Oak Park, Ill. one of the great American writers of the 20th cent. The son of a country doctor, Hemingway worked as a reporter for the Kansas City Star after graduating from high school in 1917. During World War I he served as an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry and was wounded just before his 19th birthday. Later, while working in Paris as a correspondent for the Toronto Star, he became involved with the expatriate literary and artistic circle surrounding Gertrude Stein. During the Spanish Civil War, Hemingway served as a correspondent on the loyalist side. He fought in World War II and then settled in Cuba in 1945. In 1954, Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. After his expulsion from Cuba by the Castro regime, he moved to Idaho. He was increasingly plagued by ill health and mental problems, and in July, 1961, he committed suicide by shooting himself. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost Generation." He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway's distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement, and had a significant influence on the development of twentieth-century fiction writing. His protagonists are typically stoical men who exhibit an ideal described as "grace under pressure." Many of his works are now considered classics of American literature. Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives, soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters,who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage. His celebrated literary style, influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein , is direct, terse, and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter.

八年上英语笔记整理

笔记整理: Unit1 1.频度副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never. (对他们提问用how often). 并且他们是一般现在时的标志 2.go skateboarding 去玩滑板 3.do/take exercise 做运动 4.morning/eye exercises早操/眼保健操 5.surf the Internet 上网冲浪 6.once a week/twice a month/ three or four times a day(对其提问也用how often) 7.How often do you go shopping? How often does your mother clean the house? How often do they play sports? (注意助动词的运用) 8.activity survey 活动调查 9.most 大多数most students/ most of the classmates 10.at Green High School 在格林高中 11.Here is/are… 12.the result（c.n）of…。。。的结果the results of the final exam(期末考试的结果) 13.as for 至于，关于As for homework 14.the results for ―watch TV‖ 15.junk food 垃圾食品（u.n） 16.vegetables(c.n) and fruit(u.n) 17.want sb. to do sth. 18.be good/bad for 对…有好/坏外be good to sb 对…好be good with sb 和某人相处得 好be good at=do well in 擅长 19.healthy (adj) health(n) 固定搭配有：a healthy lifestyle, be in good health=keey/stay healthy, healthy food, it’s good for your health, 20.how many hours=how long, how many times=how often 21.eatting habits(注意不能说a eating habits) 22.try to do 尽力做某事try one’s best to do尽某人最大的努力做某事 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8f17772034.html,e home from school 从学校回家 24.look after=take care of 照顾 25.help sb (to) do 26.get good grades 取得好成绩（注意不能说a good grades） 27.the same as/be different from 28.keep in good health=keep healthy保持健康 29.less meat更少的肉 Unit2 1.What’s the matter? What’s the trouble? What’s wrong? What’s up? 询问某人怎么了（除了 What’s up外，都可以在后面加上with sb） 2.have a cold/have a fever/have a headache/have a toothache/have a sore throat/have a sore back/have a stomachache/have a sore leg 3.lie down 躺下(lie作动词讲有撒谎的意思，常用短语：lie to sb 对某人撒谎tell a lie 撒了一个谎) 4.have a (good) rest （好好）休息

海明威

欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威，美国作家和记者，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。 出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区的奥克帕克，晚年在爱达荷州凯彻姆的家中自杀身亡。海明威一生中的感情错综复杂，先后结过四次婚,是美国“迷惘的一代”作家中的代表人物，作品中对人生、世界、社会都表现出了迷茫和彷徨。 在海明威一生之中曾荣获不少奖项。他在第一次世界大战期间被授予银制勇敢勋章； 1953年，他以《老人与海》一书获得普利策奖；1954年，《老人与海》又为海明威夺得诺贝尔文学奖。[5] 2001年，海明威的《太阳照样升起》与《永别了，武器》两部作品被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说”中。 海明威一向以文坛硬汉著称，他是美利坚民族的精神丰碑。海明威的作品标志着他独特创作风格的形成，在美国文学史乃至世界文学史上都占有重要地位。 海明威被誉为美利坚民族的精神丰碑，并且是“新闻体”小说的创始人，他的笔锋一向以“文坛硬汉”著称。海明威的生平和文学生涯从一开始就争议不断。无论海明威是作为一位传奇式人物，还是作为一位作家，他以其独特的艺术风格和高超的写作技巧创造了一种简洁流畅、清新洗练的文体，净化了一代的传统文风，在欧美文学界产生了巨大的影响。 二十世纪的最后一位文化英雄海明威是蜚声世界文坛的美国现代小说家，他在62年的生涯中，写下了《太阳照常升起》、《永别了，武器》、《丧钟为谁而鸣》、《老人与海》等作品，曾以“迷惘的一代”的代表著称。海明威的《老人与海》是一部融信念、意志、顽强、勇气和力量于一体的书，它让人彻底懂得了打不垮的坚不可摧的精神力量究竟是个什么样。它围绕一位老年古巴渔夫，与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。完美地体现了作者所说的“你尽可把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他”的思想。 诺贝尔文学奖获奖者的哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯为纪念海明威逝世二十周年而写一篇名为《与海明威相见》纪念文章：“海明威的所有作品都洋溢着他那闪闪发光、但却瞬间即逝的精神。这是人们可以理解的。像他那样的内在紧张状态是严格掌握技巧而造成的，但技巧却不可能在一部长篇小说的宏大而又冒险的篇幅中经受这种紧张状态的折磨。这是他的性格特征，而他的错误则在于试图超越自己的极大限度。这就说明，为什么一切多余的东西在他身上比在别的作家身上更引人注目。如同那质量高低不一的短篇小说，他的长篇也包罗万象。与此相比，他的短篇小说的精华在于使人得出这样的印象，即作品中省去了一些东西，确切地说来，这正是使作品富于神秘优雅之感的东西。” 美国著名文学评论家威拉德·索普在他的《二十世纪美国文学》中对海明威给予了崇高的评价：“海明威是当代最伟大的自然主义作家之一。他敢于突破传统，刨造新的风格和手法未泊应题材的需要。”

裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第16课

Lesson 16 A Polite Request彬彬有礼的要求 What was the polite request? If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 参考译文 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！ 【New words and expressions】（9） 1 park [pɑ:k] v.停放(汽车) 2 traffic ['tr?fik] n.交通 3 ticket ['tikit] n.交通法规罚款单 4 note [n?ut] n.便条 5 area ['e?ri?] n.地点 6 sign [sain] n.指示牌 7 reminder [ri'maind?] n.指示 8 fail [feil] v.无视，忘记 9 obey [?'bei] v.服从 一、单词讲解 park 1) n. 公园(public garden) the Central Park （纽约的）中央公园 2) v. 停车stop and leave (a vehicle) in a place for a time eg. You can’t park in this street. 你不能在这条街上停车。 parking lot (Am) 停车场 car park (Br) 停车场 eg. No parking! 禁止停车！ eg. No smoking! 禁止抽烟！ eg. No spitting! 禁止吐痰！ traffic[U] (vehicles moving along a road or street) 往来于街道的车辆 heavy traffic 往来车辆很多 light traffic 往来车辆不多 名词修饰名词 a traffic accident 交通事故 traffic regulations 交通法规 a traffic policeman 交通警察

海明威简介

一 在我初次撰写本文的那些天，我在校园散步时读到一则讣告，本校一位退休工人在家中去世，享年104岁。讣告特别提到，他生前是一位淡泊、俭朴的老人。我在对他油然升起敬意的同时，也产生一丝惊讶，我从讣告中得知，他与我同居一幢宿舍，而我却对他一无所知，甚至素未谋面。 我由此想到另一条死讯，2002年1月15号，全世界的重要媒体都竞相报道了一条来自古巴东哈瓦拉的消息： 一个叫格雷戈里奥?富恩特斯的渔民病逝，享年也是104岁。同时配发的，还有他的照片，棒球帽下，一张苍老而快活的脸。一夜之间，这个死去的老渔民成了继菲德尔?卡斯特罗和切?格瓦拉之后，最广为人知的“古巴人”。 他曾创下何种丰功伟绩而能享有如此的哀荣呢？没有，他仅仅是一介普通的渔民，就像我那位104岁的老邻居一样平凡，或者说，就像海明威《老人与海》中的老人圣地亚哥一样普通。 但关键之处也正在这里：富恩特斯恰好就是圣地亚哥的原型。《老人与海》也许是整个欧美文学中迄今为止最伟大的一部中篇小说，当它为海明威赢得1954年诺贝尔文学奖之后，富恩特斯就和圣地亚哥一起名垂不朽了。 事情的经过是这样的：1920年代末，海明威在海上邂逅富恩特斯，后者向他讲述了自己21岁时捕获一条1000磅重的大鱼的经历。这段经历成为一颗种子，植入海明威的体内，在20多年之后，他写出了《老人与海》。如果富恩特斯真是小说主人公原型的话，那么，这20多年的光阴已经把他变成了一个小说中“枯瘦干瘪”、“颧骨上有些皮癌黄斑”的老头子。 这会使人有些怀疑，《老人与海》的真正主角真就是富恩特斯吗？ 1961年海明威吞枪自尽之后，富恩特斯由于过度悲哀而无法出海，从此在家中接待来自全球各地的游客，讲述自己捕获大鱼以及和海明威交往的故事。这是一项收费服务。今年暑假我曾去泸沽湖旅游，听摩梭末代王妃讲述往事，明码实价是一人二十元钱，富恩特斯的收费想来也应该不低。反正，他以此积累了财富，过上了锦衣玉食的生活，靠抽哈瓦拉雪茄、喝朗姆酒和看漂亮的姑娘，又乐陶陶地生活了近半个世纪，最后大概是含笑而卒吧。从他的身上，我们可以找到一个关键词，这就是“不朽”。 是什么东西让这样一个老渔民得享不朽的呢？是文学。 在这颗有人类居住的星球上，文字是最不朽的，比石头都还要永恒。一块石头通过文字的描述，可以成为在山崖上展览千年的神女峰、望夫石，即便在风化、坍塌之后，人们也会借助文字重新塑造或者重新指认。在古代的建筑中，幽州台、黄鹤楼、岳阳楼、滕王阁也许是最为著名的，不过我们可以设想，沿着中国的长江、大湖，不晓得曾兴修过多少这样的建筑，它们在时间的风雨和兵燹中沦为了废墟，而唯有幽州台、岳阳楼、南昌滕王阁这样的建筑才得以代代重建，因为李白、崔灏、范仲淹、毛泽东的诗词文章赋予了它们死而复生的神性，换一句话说，它们已经不是登高览胜的土木之身，而成为某种唤醒记忆的道具，和与天下同悲同喜的情怀、故人远去的背影、秋水长天的景色，融汇为了不可分离的整体。 一个有趣的事情是，今年冬天我回了一次阆中老家。阆中是一座地道的古城，嘉陵江三面环绕，北边的玉台山腰，也矗立着一座滕王阁，和南昌的滕王阁一样，都出自唐高祖李渊第２２子、滕王李元婴之手。据记载，当时南昌滕王阁规模甚小，而阆中滕王阁巍然宏丽，但所不同的是，前者流芳千古，而后者声名不出蜀中，原因很简单，王勃才华横溢的《滕王阁序》写的是南昌。这真是没有办法的事情。 大概在曹丕说出“盖文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事。年寿有时而尽，荣乐止乎其身，二者必至之常期，未若文章之无穷”之后，追求不朽就成了中国文人的一个理想和一种焦虑。面对河山的兴废沧桑，以治国平天下为己任的文人看到了“吴宫花草埋幽径，晋代衣冠成土丘”，也体会到能够超越时间而存在的，只有他们为此而吟哦的诗行。 “故垒西边旧时月，夜深还过女墙来”，诗歌、文学，就是映照历史废墟和人们心灵的月光。公元1172年，喝醉酒的陆游于细雨中骑驴入蜀，在剑门关口他有过短暂的伫足，阴沉的天空和嵯峨的群山让他有了些眩晕和怅惘。这个一生都在牵挂家国、功名的中年知识分子发出了一个疑问：

新概念英语第二册(英音新版) 第16课：彬彬有礼的要求

新概念英语第二册(英音新版) 第16课：彬彬有礼的要 求 Lesson 16 A polite request 第十六课彬彬有礼的要求 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the polite request? 文中彬彬有礼的要求是指什么？ If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。 You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. 如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。 However, this does not always happen. 不过，情况并不都是这样， Traffic police are sometimes very polite. 交通警有时也很客气。 During a holiday in Sweden, 有一次在瑞典度假， I found this note on my car：‘sir, we welcome you to our city.’

我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。” This is no parking area. 这个区域不能停车。 You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. 如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。 This note is only a reminder. “谨此提请注意。” If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

新概念英语第二册第16课

Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! New words and expressions 生词和短语 park v. 停放（汽车）traffic n. 交通ticket [?tikit]n. 交通违规罚款单note [n?ut] n. 便条area [???ri?]n. 地段sign [sain]n. 指示牌reminder [r??ma?nd?]n. 提示fail [feil]v. 无视，忘记obey [??bei]v. 服从 参考译文 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！ 1.A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 1) polite [p?'lait] adj. (politer, politest) more polite和most polite亦常见 1. having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的synonym: courteous ['k?:ti?s]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指) 恭敬的，谦恭的 e.g. 请礼貌待客。Please be polite to our guests. 2. socially correct but not always sincere 应酬的；礼节性的；客套的： e.g. 我不晓得怎么说应酬话。I don’t know how to make polite conversation. 3. [only before noun] from a class of society that believes it is better than others 上流社会的 adv. politely n. [u] politeness 2) request [ri?kwest]n., v. n. ~(for sth.) / ~(that…) 1. the action of asking for sth. formally and politely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求： e.g. 他们要求再给一些帮助。They made a request for further aid. 他按照经理的要求到了那里。 He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go) 2. a thing that you formally ask for要求的事 e.g. 广播点播节目a radio request programme (=a programme of music, songs, etc. that listeners have asked for) v. ~sth. (from sb.) (formal) to ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth. in a polite or formal way(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求 e.g. [vn] 你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。You can request a free copy of the leaflet. (copy n. [c] 1. (书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份) 2. [c] ~(of sth.) 复印件，复制品) (leaflet[?li:flit]n. 散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)

英语人教版八年级上 unit1 知识点笔记

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 语法讲解： 1.一般过去时 考点1：如何判断一般过去时？ 考点2：肯定句变否定句。 考点3：变一般疑问和特殊疑问句。 2.复合不定代词/副词 构成：__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ 其中： no one意思“_____”指_____,与_____同义，且_____与of连用，做主语谓语用单三。 回答_______引起的特殊疑问句时要用no one. none意思“_____”，指___________，且_____与of连用。谓语单，复形式皆可。 回答___________ 引起的特殊疑问句时要用none； anyone意思“_____”指_____,与_____同义，且_____与of连用。 any one意思“_____”指_____,与_____同义，且_____与of连用。 nothing= ________________ 用法： ①复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用_________. ②当adj.修饰不定代词要________. ③当不定代词中含有some通常用于__________;含有any通常用于_______________。单词讲解： 1.myself 反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。 我自己myself你自己_________他自己_________她自己_________它自己_________ 我们自己_________你们自己_________他们自己_________ 反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语等，如： She can dress herself.(作动词宾语） That poor boy was myself.（用作表语） The father himself has something wrong. (同位语：句中常置于名词、代词之后或句子末尾) quite a few/ little_______________ only a few/ little 只有一些/一点儿 3.seem v.好像；似乎；看来 不及物动词“似乎/好像做某事”______________________ 连系动词：“看来……”+_________________ seem like “____________”+名词（短语）。 It seems +that从句“看来好像……”其中it叫做__________。 好像要下雨了。(译)______________________________________ (译)______________________________________

新概念英语第二册课堂笔记第16课

新概念英语第二册课堂笔记第16课Lesson 16 ★New words and expressions ☆park v.停放（汽车） stop the car 车在运动中停下来 parking area 停车场 ☆traffic n.交通 traffic police 交通警 traffic lights 交通灯 (in) traffic jam 交通堵塞 (in) heave traffic 交通拥挤 ☆not n.便条；纸钞 message 消息 make notes 做笔记 ☆area n.地段；场地（一块地方） place 地点 region 地区（交战、开火） ☆reminder n.提示（能够致人、也可指物） v.指示；提醒 reminder sb of sth

reminder sb to do sth ★fail v.无视；忘记 v.失败 fail 宾语失败做某事 fail in doing sth 在某些方面失败 fail to do 没有能够做某事 He fail to swim across the river. not fail to do sth 一定能做某事 I can not fail to pass it. 我一定会通过的。 You can not fail to obey it. 你一定会遵守。 ★Text If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this not on my car：‘sir, we welcome you to our city. This i s a “No parking” area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention

(外研版)初中英语笔记 初二(上)

（外研版）初中英语笔记 初二（上） Module 1 how to learn English 1. Why don’t (you) do…是用来表示提出某种建议。如： ---Why don’t we drive to the park? ---OK. /All right. /That’s a good idea. 当我们提建议时，还可以使用其他句型： Why not take a walk in the park? What /How about going to Europe for a holiday? 2. else“其他”，一般用在疑问词或某些代词之后，如： Who else did you see at the meeting? Does anyone else want to read this book? 3. It’s a good idea to do…“做……是个好主意” 4. paper, advice作不可数名词，表达“一张纸”、“一条建议”可用a piece of paper和a piece of advice。 几张或几条则用：基数词+pieces of… 5. try (not) to do…“尝试（不）做……‖ You should try to eat more fruit. 6. remember to do sth. 记得做某事 Remember to bring something to drink. 7. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 I forget to call him.

8. ask sb.（not）to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事。 The teacher asked us to come to school on time. 9. enjoy oneself =have a good time =have fun 玩得愉快 Module 2 experiences 1. 现在完成时⑴⑵⑶：have/ has+动词的过去分词 ㈠①用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响; ②还可以表示到目前为止曾经经 历或没经历的事情; ③要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某 一时间一直持续到现在，也可用现在完成时表示。如： I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again. I have never visited the USA. I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. ㈡常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： yet, never, ever（用于疑问句或否定句中）； already, just, recently (用于肯定句中)。 They’re just heard a message from a spaceraft. ㈢对一段时间的提问：how long… 回答：since+时间点或for+一段时间 ---How long have you lived in Beijing ? ---Since 2008./ For four years. ㈣在现在完成时中，点动词（非延续性动词）一般不与表示延续