[敏试教育] 江西教师招聘考试英语知识点：翻译技巧

[敏试教育]江西教师招聘考试英语知识点：翻译技巧

翻译是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的一种创造性的语言活动。敏试教育提醒各位考生：翻译能力的提高是一个长期实践和不断积累的过程。要做好这类题，就要掌握所学句型及短语，还要灵活运用。我们总结了英语翻译题的解题技巧，希望各位参加江西省教师招聘考试的考生灵活运用。

翻译题解题技巧：

第一步：

找出基本的句型结构句型结构就像建筑楼房所需要的框架，只有框架搭建好了，才能继续添加短语词汇使句子完整，因此，选对句型至关重要。

例1：请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。(or)

Please make your decision as early as possible, or you'll miss the good chance.

【分析】本题给出了并列连词or，考查学生所掌握的并列句型结构为“祈使句+or you will…”

例2：这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So)

So naughtyis the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.

【分析】本题所给的词汇为So，大写字母说明该词应放在句首，那么学生应选择倒装

句式翻译此句，结构为“So+形容词+be/V+主词+that+句子”。

例3：我觉得很难解出这道数学题。(…it…)

I find it difficult to work out this math problem.

【分析】本题考查的是it作形式宾语的用法，学生在处理这道题时首先应想到“6123”结构，“6”代表6个在本句式中的常用动词feel、make、consider、find、believe、think；“1”代表形式宾语“it”；“2”代表形容词或副词；“3”代表动词不定式、动名词或从句，作真正的宾语。针对本句应选择“find+it+形容词+todo”这一句式。

第二步：

根据所提示单词，选择适合的短语或词汇这一步需要学生对短语和词汇的熟练掌握，笔者在平时的教学中十分关注学生对这部分基础知识的记忆训练，经过长时间的积累，学生能

够达到看到词汇就能对组成的短语脱口而出的程度，对学生翻译能力的提高大有帮助。

例1：那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。(choice)

At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist (for help).

【分析】本题给出的单词为choice，学生会想到have no choice，同时还要强调but

后面要加动词不定式to do。这时可给出另外一个短语“do nothing but do”让学生进行

比较，找到其中的不同。

例2：你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(apologize)

You should apologize to the people present for what you have just done.

【分析】本题重点考查apologize to sb.forsth.的短语搭配，记忆不扎实的学生会在两个介词的使用上出现乱用的情况，应作强调。

第三步：

判断句子的时态和语态这个步骤对于考生来说是失分最严重的地方，学生翻译句子时经常会忘记考虑句子所需的时态，第三人称和主动被动的问题，因此，鼓励学生养成下笔前先考虑时态语态的好习惯，在这个部分就能挽回很多不必要的失分。

1.动词的时态：

1）根据汉语句子中的时间副词判断句子的时态，如：正在、经常、曾经、将、着、了、过、到…为止等。

例1：为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To)

To keep fit, we often take part in physical exercise.

【分析】句中出现“经常”，应选择一般现在时。

例2：她找到了一份做护士的工作。(as)

She has found a job as a nurse.

【分析】句中出现“了”，表示动作已经完成，应选择现在完成时。

2）根据句意或句子所给出的连词判断时态。

例1：我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再做出最终结论。(before)

We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.

【分析】before引导的时间状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。

例2：你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式，不然就要迟到了。(or)

You'd better go to the opening ceremony of the Film Festival by taxi, or you'll

be late.

【分析】本题给出连词or，应选择将来时。

3）注意用一般现在时表示经常、反复出现的动作或客观事实。

例1：各色阳伞给夏日待头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to)

Colorful umbrellas add to alively at mosphere in the summer streets.

2.动词的语态

1）根据汉语句子中的一些有被动含义的词汇判断，如：被、挨、遭、受到、获得、加以、得以、为…所等。

例1：我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。(occur)

It never occurred to me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Student's Union.

【分析】本句中“被选为”是典型的被动语态句式，应为“be elected chairman”，还要强调chairman为职位，前面不加冠词。

例2：导演得知自己的影片获奖，感到无比自豪。(award)

Learning that he was awarded an award for his film, the director felt very proud of himself.

【分析】本句中“获奖”为被动语态，award sb. for sth.变成被动语态sb. be awarded for sth.

2）当句子的主语是“人们、有人、有些人、大家、据说、据报道”等。

例1：据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It...)

It is reported that wild plants contain rich Vitamins.

【分析】本句中it作形式主语，事情是被报道的。类似的用法还有It is said that…, It is believed that…, It is considered that…等。

3）当句中的主语为事情，地点或没有主语的情况。

例：应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)

Young people should been couraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points.

【分析】本句中缺少主语“人们”，因此把宾语“年轻人”放在句首，用被动语态完成句子。

第四步：

避免中英文语言习惯的差异学生受汉语言文化的影响，经常会用汉语思维的习惯去思考英语句子，或直接逐字逐句对照汉语单词翻译英文单词，忽略了英语的语言习惯，变成了我

们经常所说的“Chinglish”(即Chinese English，中国式英语)。

例1：她很粗心大意，经常丢东西。

【误】She is so thick heart and big mind that she often loses things.

【正】She is so careless that she often loses things.

【例2】如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(convenient)

【误】If you are convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office.

【正】If(it is)convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office.

第五步：

仔细检查写出的句子，发现错误及时改正，有些错误是在翻译时不经意犯下的，我们有能力自己检查并改正过来，因此在写好翻译句子后，要学会检查。

英语和汉语是两种不同的语言 ,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统 ,在形态和句法

方面二者存在很大差异。然而 ,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点 ,所以在翻译实践中 ,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。江西教师招聘网关于中英文翻译的技巧就介绍到这里，更多相关文章见推荐阅读。

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