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西方文化入门试卷(A, B) 2007年

西方文化入门试卷(A, B) 2007年
西方文化入门试卷(A, B) 2007年

西方文化入门试卷A

December, 2007

Part I Read the following statements, then decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)

1.The state of Athens was a democratic society; the state of Sparta was not.

2.Alexandria is a city of learning in Ancient Greek world, it is situated at the mouth of the Nile.

3.The Areopagus could not exert its power in Athens after the reforms of Solon.

4.Peloponnesian Wars are carried out between Athens and Sparta.

5.The earliest Aegean civilization originated from the Crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. 6.Achilles and Odyssey are Greek commanders during the Trojan War happening around 700 BC.

7.Ancient Greek drama has everlasting value because they asked questions about man?s existence.

8.The expulsion of king Tarquinus Superbus was the beginning of Roman republic.

9.L. Sulla Felix was the first military commander who established a dictatorship in Roman history.

10.Julius Caesar Octavinus, Mark Antonius and Lepidus formed the second Triumvirate. 11.In ancient Rome “tribute” was such a post whose duty was to act on the interest of common people against the Senate.

12.Julius Caesar was not only a brilliant military leader but also a good writer.

13.The Roman army was a fearful military force because Romans were naturally born soldiers who used their swords, shields and lances with skills.

14.The Aeneid is a great epic in the history of literature because it tells the beginning history of Roman people.

15.Israelite people organized themselves into a kingdom about 1000 BC.

16.The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and the New Testament was written in Latin. 17.John Locke in his second Treatise of Civil Government proposed idea of separation of legislative, executive and juridical power in a government.

18.The motto “I think therefore I am.” is from the French philosopher V oltaire.

19.Tartuffe is memorable character in literature history which stands for hypocrisy.

20.Van Rijn Rembrandt was a principal Dutch Baroque painter of Renaissance.

Part II Read the following statements, choose one from the three choices that fits the sentence in meaning. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)

1.It was in the book of _____ that tells the story of Moses leading the Israelites out of the

slavery in Egypt.

A. Numbers

B. Exodus

C. Leviticus

2.Among the obligations of a vassal to his lord are those except _____ .

A. help administer justice

B. to fight for the lord

C. provide food

3.A man of noble birth did not become a knight naturally. He began his education at the age of seven as a page, learning to say his prayers and good manners. At _____ , the page became a squire or an assistant to a knight who became his master.

A. 12

B. 13.

C. 14

4.St. Thomas Aquinas wrote the following books except _____ .

A. Summa Contra Gentiles

B. Opus maius

C. Summa Theologiae 5.Gothic architecture had _____ as its distinctive characteristics.

A. arches

B. flying buttress

C. vault

6.In Dante?s Divine Comedy, it was _____ who guided the poet to tour the Hell and Purgatory.

A. An angel

B. Beatrice

C. Virgil

7.The book Decameron was written by _____ .

A. Francesco Petrarch

B. Giovanni Boccaccio

C. Fran?ois Rabelais

8.It was the navigator _____ who discovered the route to India through the Cape of Hope.

A. Christopher Columbus

B. Vasco da Gama

C. Barthoomeu Dias

9.It was _____ who found that in the solar system each planet moves in an ellipse, not a perfect circle, at the sun with one focus.

A. Johannes Kepler

B. Nicolaus Copernicus

C. Galileo Galilei

10.The book Essay Concerning Human Understanding was written by _____ .

A. Thomas Hobbes

B. Réne Descartes

C. John Locke

11. _____ as the editor made greatest contribution to the completion of Encyclopedie.

A. V oltaire

B. Rousseau

C. Diderot

12. David is a sculpture done by _____ .

A. Raphael

B. Da Vinci

C. Michelangelo

13. The Book The Origin of Human Inequality was written by ______ .

A. Rousseau

B. John Locke

C. Montesquieu

14. The Sorrows of Young Werther was written by German Romantic poet _____.

A. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

B. Johann

C. F. von Schiller C. Heinrich Heine

15. The Industrial Revolution started in 18th century and completed in _____ 19th century.

A. early

B. middle

C. late

16. The great geographical discoveries in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were stimulated

mainly for _____.

A. gold in Africa

B. spices in the East

C. silver in Americas

17. The long narrative poem “The Rime of Ancient Mariner” was written by _____ .

A. William Wordsworth

B. Robert Southey

C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

18. Industrial Revolution occurred first in Britain mainly due to the following reasons except for

____.

A. unified and peaceful society

B. abundant natural resources

C. inventive spirit

19. In Britain, the pass of the Reform Act of 1932 and the First Reformed Parliament in 1843

marked the victory of _____ .

A. the working class people

B. the industrial capitalists

C. the landlords

20. Before James Watt invented his steam engines, most machines were run by _____ .

A. water mills

B. horses and mules

C. human hands

Part III. Below are three groups of excerpt from works of Western writers; choose one topic from each group and write a comment of about 150 words, in English. The comment should focus on the excerpt itself. (30 points)

Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET

Group I

1.Excerpt from Homer?s Odysseus (see textbook p.p.4-13)

2.Excerpt from Aeschylus? play Agamemnon(see textbook p.p. 15-17)

3.Excerpt from Virgil?s Aenei d (see Handout 4 p.p. 2-3; )

Group 2

1.The Fall of Man, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p.53-55)

2.The Birth of Jesus, an excerpt from the New Testament (see textbook p.78)

3.Psalm 137, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook P.65)

Group 3

1.“The Eyes That Drew from Me”, a poem by Petrarch (see textbook p.p.134-135)

2. A story from Demcameron by Giovanni Boccaccio (see Handout 9 p.p.6-11)

3. A Letter from Persian Letters by Montesquieu (see textbook p.p. 236-239)

Part IV. Below are two groups of questions, choose ONE question from EACH group and answer it briefly in about 200 words, in English. (30 points)

Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET

Group 1

1.What were the main features of ancient Greek state society? You may take the state of Athens

and the state of Sparta as an example.

2.How did Christianity rise and become a religion for European peoples?

3.What are the main elements of humanism in Renaissance? Give examples of writers, artists,

or scientists of the period to support your points.

Group 2

1.How do you like the ideas expressed in the essay Of Civil Government by John Locke? (see

Handout 10)

2.How much do you know about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? What are the

significances of the Revolution?

Examination Paper for the Course An Introduction to Western Culture (B)

December, 2007 Part I Read the following statements, then decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers T or F on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)

1. After the Romans conquered in 146 BC, the Greek culture soon declined.

2.One act of the reforms of Solon was that one should not be enslaved because of debt.

3.The state of Athens was the greatest power in the Greek world in 5th century BC.

4.The earliest Aegean civilization originated from Peloponnesian peninsula.

5.Drama started in ancient Athens as religious festivals celebrating Dionysus, the god of

vegetation and the vine.

6.The columns of Parthenon are in what we call the Ionian style.

7.The sea battle at Salamis was won by the Greek states because Persians fleet was

outnumbered by the Greek fleet.

8.The Punic Wars were wars between Romans and Greeks.

9.Brutus and Cassius were the leaders of the plot of the assassination of Julius Caesar.

10.The title …Augustus? means “emperor”.

11.In ancient Rome, there was freedom of speech, and any political leader could deliver a speech

at the Forum.

12.The Aeneid was written in order to glorify Rome and Roman people.

13.Abraham, Isaac and Jacob are the early kings of the Israelites.

14.Both John Wycliffe and William Tyndale were great translators of the Bible.

15.John Locke believes human knowledge comes only from experience.

16.Montesquieu proposed in his book The Spirit of the Laws the idea of the separation of

legislative, executive and juridical power in a government

17.Like Plato, Descartes believes that some ideas are innate.

18.Michelangelo was a painter of Baroque style.

19.Emile or On Education is a book written by Jean Jacque Rousseau.

20.V oltaire was an important thinker in the Age of Enlightenment, but he initially wanted to be a

writer; however, he did not make achievements in literature.

Part II Read the following statements, choose one from the three choices that fits the sentence in meaning. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)

1.Feudalism was built upon a relationship of obligation and mutual service between lords and vassals. The lord should give his vassal _____ .

A. fief

B. money to support his family

C. serfs

2. In medieval age, _____ was used for making food sweet.

A. sugar,

B. honey

C. brown sugar

3.In a diocese the religious leader was called a (n) _____ .

A. archbishop

B. cardinal

C. bishop

4. The Romanesque architecture had the following characteristics except _____ .

A. heavy stone walls

B. big size

C. stained glasses

5. Gothic architecture first flourished in _____ .

A. France

B. Italy

C. Germany

6. In Dante?s Divine Comedy, it was _____ who guided the poet to tour Heaven.

A. An angel

B. Beatrice

C. Virgil

7. The book Cargantue and Pantagruel was written by _____ .

A. Francesco Petrarch

B. Giovanni Boccaccio

C. Fran?ois Rabelais

8. Christopher Columbus sailed to the coast of South America in his _____ voyage to the New

World.

A. first

B. second

C. third

9. It was _____ who found that every body, if left alone, will continue to move in a straight line

with uniform velocity; any change, either in the rapidity or the direction of motion requires to be explained as due to the action of some …force?.

A. Johannes Kepler

B. Nicolaus Copernicus

C. Galileo Galilei

10. The book Discourse on Method was written by _____ .

A. Thomas Hobbes

B. Réne Descartes

C. John Locke

11. Last Supper is a painting done by _____ .

A. Raphael

B. Da Vinci

C. Michelangelo

12. The play The Robber was written by _____ .

A. Goethe

B. Johann

C. F. von Schiller C. Heinrich Heine

13. Eugene Onegin was written by _____ .

A. Alesander Pushkin

B. Vito Hugo

C. Robert Southey

14. Don Juan was an important work of Romanticism by _____ .

A. Shelley

B. Byron

C. Goethe

15. The book Essay Concerning Human Understanding was written by _____ .

A. Thomas Hobbes

B. Réne Descartes

C. John Locke

16. _____ as the editor made greatest contribution to the completion of Encyclopedia.

A. V oltaire

B. Rousseau

C. Diderot

17. The long narrative poem “The Rime of Ancient Mariner” was written by _____ .

A. William Wordsworth

B. Robert Southey

C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

18. Industrial Revolution occurred first in Britain mainly due to the following reasons except for

____.

A. unified and peaceful society

B. abundant natural resources

C. inventive spirit

19. In Britain, the pass of the Reform Act of 1932 and the First Reformed Parliament in 1843

marked the victory of _____ .

A. the working class people

B. the industrial capitalists

C. the landlords

20. Before James Watt invented his steam engines, most machines were run by _____ .

A. water mills

B. horses and mules

C. human hands

Part III. Below are three groups of excerpt from works of Western writers; choose one topic from each group and write a comment of about 150 words, in English. The comment should focus on the excerpt itself. (30 points)

Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET

Group I

1. Excerpt from Aeschylus? play Agamemnon (see textbook p.p. 15-17)

2. Excerpt from Virgil?s Aeneid (see textbook p.p.44-47)

5. A poem from The Odes by Horace (see Handout 4 p.p.4-5)

Group 2

1.Noah?s Ark, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p.56-59)

2.Jesus is tempted by the Devil, an excerpt from the New Testament (see textbook p.79)

3.Song of Solomon, an excerpt from the Old Testament (see textbook p.p. 68-70)

Group 3

1.“It was the Morning”, a poem by Petrarch (see textbook p.134)

2.An excerpt from Faust by Wolfgang von Goethe (see textbook p.p.258-264)

3.An except from Don Quixote by Miguel Cervantes (see textbookp.p.163-165)

Part IV. Below are two groups of questions, choose ONE question from EACH group and answer it briefly in about 200 words, in English. (30 points)

Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET

Group 1

1.What were the main features of ancient Greek state society? You may take the state of Athens

and the state of Sparta as an example.

2.What are the main elements of humanism in Renaissance? Give examples of writers, artists,

or scientists of the period to support your points.

Group 2

1. How do you like the ideas expressed in the essay Of Civil Government by John Locke? (see Handout 10)

2. How much do you know about the Industrial Revolution in Britain? What are the significances of the Revolution?

2020年全国导游文化基础知识简答题库50题及答案

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