专升本英语词组、语法总结
专升本英语词组、语法总结
Sunny smile
专升本考试日近，为了满足大家的要求，同时实现自己在课堂上的承诺，现在把专升本语法部分的命题趋势和解题关键整理出来，以期助你们在考试中更有把握的得到该得到的分数。
注意：
本文仅为个人非官方非权威预测，与任何机构和个人无关。
本文旨在点击重点，以及针对重点“授人以渔”，因此，烦请不要问我能不能“押中”原题。
请结合我去年发表的日志——《硝烟更浓——升本复习中的重点》一文系统复习，充分备战！
语法很重要，但不是全部，专升本复习要全面进行，每一块都要合理安排时间不断深化！
来到这里看到文章的，都请留下你的脚印。
根据过去九年升本考试的考查重点，结合近几年（尤其是06——08年）考察的热门知识点，可把2010年专升本语法的考察的热点锁定在以下几块：非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装结构、定语从句、名词性从句（特别是主语从句和同位语从句）、时态和语态的结合考察。
一、非谓语动词
这里面考察的热点又以现在分词作宾语，主动形式表被动意义，省略to的动词不定式，不定式作宾语，分词作状语（动词不定式）以及几个惯用结构为热点。
非谓语动词作宾语：
后面必须跟V-ing的动词：avoid/enjoy/deny/finish/mind/prefer…to…等
后面必须跟to do的动词：pretend/tend/promise/refuse/fail/manage/hope等
真题范例：
1. I don’t mind_____ out for a walk in such a bad weather.
A. to go
B. going
C. go
D. went
2.I don’t understand why he pretended _____ in the garden.
A. to see me not
B. not to see me
C. not seeing me
D. seeing me not
分词作状语的考察：（这类题的特点是句中有逗号和主句隔开，答案都含有非谓语的形式）
解题关键：先找到主句的主语，结合所给答案，判断主语和从句（含有空格的通常是从句）的关系是主动还是被动，
1. _________from space, our earth, with water covering70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.(09.32)
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. To be seen
D. Having seen
2. ________ more time, the scientists will be able to work out a good solution to the problem.(06.14)
A. Given
B. Giving
C. To give
D. Be given
3. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.
A. Having not been
B. Being not
C. Not having
D. Having not
本文所有真题都不再写答案，也请不要问我答案——你能看到这篇文章说明上过我的课，如果上过我的课还解不出来题，你现在马上要做的只有三件事——深深的自我检讨；疯狂的翻动书页；向身边比你牛的同学请教。
习惯用法的考察：
▲It is no good/use doing sth.例:It is no use crying over spilt milk.后悔没有用.
▲There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth. 干某事没必要/意义/用处
▲have a difficulty/trouble/problem/good time/hard time+(in) doing sth
二、虚拟语气的考察：
虚拟语气的考察点近几年变化不大，主要集中在对过去的虚拟（结合倒装结构考察）
——虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，
再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
________, your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train.（04.06）
A. Had I not taken
B. if I didn't take
C. If I haven't taken
D. provided I didn't take
另外一个考试热点就是虚拟语气在从句中的考察，即在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形(should可以省略,that不能省略)
Our director suggested that the news ______ at once.
A. announce
B. would announce
C. be announced
D. should announce
另外，还有几个固定的结构，
如It is high/about time that……. / would rather的用法
wish的用法/ lest/for fear that引导的结构
以及must have done/can’t have done/ should have done/ shouldn’t hav e done/need have done 等
1.It's high time ________ about the traffic problem.（08.08）
A. something was done
B. something is done
C. anything will be done
D. nothing to be done
2. I would rather you ________ to the party with her.（06.29）
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. has gone
3. I gave her my telephone number lest she_________her way to my home.
A. had forgotten
B. forgot
C. should forget
D. would have forgotten
（请务必参考上课所记笔记，把这一部分知识点结合精讲过的例题弄透！）
三、定语从句的考察：
这几年似乎有一个必考的焦点，就是对非限定性定语从句的反复考察，尤其是其中which/as来代指前面整个句子的用法。除此之外还有关系代词that使用在特殊先行词
all/the only等词之后的考察; 介词+关系代词的考察。（还是要结合笔记针对这几块好好复习啊）
1. She has fallen in love with Jack, ________ I find hard to imagine.（09.28）
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. which
2. The sun heats the earth, ________ makes it possible for plants to grow. （06.31）
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
3. All ________ is a continuous supply of fuel.（08.37）
A. what is needed
B. the thing needed
C. that is needed
D. for their needs
4. Is this the house________ Shakespeare was born?（09.09）
A. which
B. in that
C. in which
D. at which
四、主语从句：
主语从句考察的关键点就在几个特殊词在句首引导的主语从句，集中在
who/whoever/whatever/whether等词引导的主语从句。
1. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（09.10）
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who
2. ________ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.（08.04）
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. Even if
3. ________ you ought to do is to see a doctor.（07.35）
A. How
B. What
C. Which
D. That
五、倒装结构
最近几年考察最多的就是部分倒装，部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前，构成的正确结构应是：
——助动词/情态动词/be动词+ 主语+ 实义动词
no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely,
at no time, in no way, in no case, by no means,
on no account, no longer, not until…
1. Not until ten o'clock ________ it was too late to return.(03.04)
A. they realized
B. they did realize
C. did they realize
D. realized they
2. Seldom ________ in such a rude way.(07.31)
A. we have been treated
B. have we been treated
C. we have treated
D. have we treated
3. Little ______ that the police are about to arrest him.
A. does he know
B. he doesn't know
C. he knows
D. he didn't know
除此之外，only置于句首的倒装；让步状语从句的倒装也在考察的范围：
1. Only when we came back home, ________ hat my watch was missing.（06.13）
A. did I find
B. I found
C. I had found
D. Had 1 found
2. _________, water resources have been severely wasted or polluted.（09.31）
A. They are scarce
B. Scarce they are
C. Scarce as they are
D. As scarce they are
3. Great ________ the difficulties are, we must do our best to succeed.（06.25）
A. while
B. as
C. although
D. however
六、时态和语态的考察
时态除了在09年没有选择题专门考察，以前每年都有专门的考察，在备考中不能忽视，但考察的重点，集中在完成时态：
1. I have been to the West Lake three times ________ 1970.
A. since
B. until
C. from
D. after
2. John and I ________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
3. By the time you arrive in London, we _____in Europe for two weeks.
A shall stay
B have stayed
C will have stayed Dhave been staying
4. 1. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned
C. was cleaned
D. have been cleaned
5. Some of the apples were rotten before reaching the market and ________ away.
A. could be thrown
B. had to be thrown
C. could throw
D. had to throw
第五题答案：B 苹果作主语，只能用被动，从含有被动结构的AB里选择，由该句句意判断是苹果在上市前腐烂，因此选择“不得不”的选项。
be absent from...缺席，不在
be absorbed in全神贯注于……
近：be lost in；
be concentrated on；
be focused on
take...into account(＝consideration)把……考虑进去
ahead of time提前
confess to a crime承认罪行
have confidence in对……有信心
be confident of有信心
confidential机密的
take...into consideration(=take...into account)考虑到，把……考虑进去
considerate(＝thoughtful of the needs)体贴的，考虑他人需要的，
considerable相当大的，值得考虑的
contrast...with...把……与……相对(对照)
in contrast to/with和……形成对比
by contrast对比之下
take sth. under control(被)控制住
out of control无法控制
be convenient to/for对……方便
cope with(＝deal with，try to find a solution to)应付，处理
at all costs不惜任何代价
at the cost of以……为代价
emerge from(＝appear，become known)出现，暴露(问题，意见等)
end up with以……而结束
engage in或be engaged in忙于，从事
be equipped with装备有，装有except(＝but)除了
except for(＝apart from)除……以外be good for对……有好处；对……有作用be good at擅长于；be good to对……好
take...for granted(＝assume to be true)把……认为理所当然的
be in the habit of习惯于
get (fall) into the habit of养成了……的习惯
live from hand to mouth勉强度日，现挣现吃
at heart(＝in reality)内心里，实际上
in one's heart(of hearts)内心深处，事实上
by heart(＝by memory)熟记，背(诵)
with all one's heart全心全意地，真心实意
be ignorant of(＝lacking knowledge)对……不了解，不知道
make (leave)an impression on sb.
＝give sb.an impression给……留下印象
make the most (use)of充分利用gift talent
by nature天生的，生来in nature本质上natural
name after用……的名字命名
none other than不是别人，正是……nothing but只有，不过……而已it occurs to sb.that...某人想到……
all at once(＝suddenly，now)立即，马上
once in a while(＝occasionally)偶尔
in order井井有条，处于良好状态；
out of order(＝in bad condition)出毛病，发生故障
participate in(＝take part in)参加
be patient with对……耐心
perform on the piano(＝play the piano)演奏钢琴
persist in坚持，固执
in person亲自，当面
come to the point谈主要问题
there is no point in doing sth.没必要做某事
point at(＝indicate，direct attention)指着
point out(＝indicate，show)指出，指明
popular with/among大众所喜爱的，拥戴
resort to诉诸于……，求助于……
resort to force诉诸于武力
respond to对……反应，响应，对(药)有效
in response to(＝as an answer to)回答，反应
be responsible for对……负责，是造成……原因
result in(＝cause)导致
with the result that其结果是
in return(for)作为报答；以报答(for)
get rid of摆脱，去掉，除去
be in the right正确的；
in the wrong错误的
give rise to(＝lead to)引起，导致
at the risk of(＝with danger of)冒……的风险
for the sake of(＝for the good or advantage of)为了……起见be satisfied with满意
on a large scale大规模地
on schedule按时，准时
ahead of schedule提前；in advance预先；
behind schedule落后于计划进度，晚于规定时间
in search of寻找；
in honor of为了表示对……敬意；
in memory of为了纪念……；
in pursuit of追求……；
on behalf of代表……的利益；
in favor of赞成……；
in season旺季
in secret秘密地；in private私下
share sth.with与……分享，分担，分摊，共用
be sorry about/for懊悔的，后悔的，难过的
specialize in专门研究，专攻
in spite of(＝despite)尽管
stick to粘着，坚持
stick to one's friend忠于朋友
stick at(＝continue to work hard at)继续勤奋地致力于……；
stick at one's books勤奋读书
be strict with对……严格要求
be/go on strike罢工
suffer from患……病；受……苦痛
be suitable for(＝fit)适合……的be surprised at对……惊奇；take...by surprise使……惊奇；to one's surprise使某人惊奇
in good taste大方，得体；(反意) in bad taste小家子气
in terms of(＝with regard to；respectively)按照，根据，在……方面think of(＝have the idea of)想到；(＝consider)考虑；(＝remember)想起on second thoughts经再三考虑之后at the thought of一想到……
for the time being(＝temporarily)暂时
in time (for)及时on time准时
at no time无论何时也不……
in on time(＝very quickly)立即，马上
at times(＝occasionally)间或，时常
at all times(＝always)始终，总是
be in use (＝be used)被使用；
be out of use(＝be on longer used)不再被使用
be used to＋V-ing习惯于 used to＋动词原形(过去常常做)
in vain(＝uselessly)徒劳
be in the way(＝obstructive)碍事，阻碍
by way of(＝by going through)经由，取道
by the way(＝in addition)顺带地(转移话题)
in no way无论怎样也不……
in a way从某种程度上说
against one's will违心地，违背意愿地
in a word总之；
in other words换言之；
have a word with sb.谈一谈；
have words with sb.争吵；
hav the last word有决定权
一时态
1.时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
典型例题
(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded
B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed
D. would not give; will succeed.
答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。
2.表示"意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。
常用词为come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
I'm leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week?
二非谓语动词
1.感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等
+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；
+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
2. 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
该结构否定式: 在非谓语动词前加直接Not (考的这可是内部教材上的原题!)
2009年专升本考试原题
20. ________finished his work, he had to stay at home at the weekend.
A. Having not been
B. Being not
C. Not having
D. Having not
三虚拟语气
1.It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should 不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
2.虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
3.a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。(在各类考试中,该结构常把had提前构成倒装)
句型：条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
2009年专升本原题:30. ____________, everything would have been all right.
A. He had been there
B. Been here he had
C. Here he had been
D. Had he been here
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句主句
一般过去时should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
考点:虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do 例:I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2009年原题:
6. The teacher insisted that we________ our homework before 9:00 o’clock
A. finished
B. had finished
C. finish
D. was finishing
四倍数的表达
a. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…)of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。
（考察频率最高的结构——考试中出现该题型的话，特别注意：红色部分单词变化较多）b.主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
五强调结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
典型例题
1）It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A.the time
B.when
C.that
D.which
答案C. 强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分+ that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用"who"，其余用that。
2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
2009年专升本原题:
15. It was at the music hall________we met each other for the first time.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
（待续……）
（接着往下看喽）
1.介词+关系词（常用which,whom,whose）
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）判断该类题型时特别注意：所选介词一定要和从句中出现的动词（考的最多）或形容词搭配成短语
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
2.as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which
可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般
放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very
important to us.
3.As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定
结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
He is not the same man as he used to be.
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's
health.
4.特殊句式（考题中常给出迷惑性的选项anyone或
who，除非它们一起出现，否则一定是用Whoever）
Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用anyone who 代替)
5.时间状语从句中的when while as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
6.主谓一致（你一定要拿到的一分）
a.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的
短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
b.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
c.当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
d.在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个
城市。
7.倒装结构（历年最常考的部分倒装）
部分倒装是指：将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
（注意：正确选项中的选项通常是: 情态动词/助动词/be动词（倒装部分）+主语+实义动词）
（特别注意:考试时除了注意倒装结构的形式正确外，还要注意时态！！！）
常考的倒装情况：
a.句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
b. 否定词开头的部分倒装
Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
c.only 在句首要到装
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
d. so neither nor 引导的部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
8.特殊词的用法:
worth，worthy，worthwhile都为adj.意为"值得"。
1. worth：be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
be worth doing sth."……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.
2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.
3. worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth"值得做某事"
worth while：It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.
9.热门考点:
1.主动表被动:在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例: This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
2009年专升本考试原题:
8. The garden requires________.
A. watering
B. being watered
C. to water
D. having watered
2.几个必背句型:
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
It is no good learning without practice
It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.
2009年专升本原题:
17. It is no use________me not to worry about his injury.
A. for you to tell
B. your telling
C. you tell
D. having told
3.have something done 已经重复N多遍啦! 内部教材里的题还有印象吧?
My sister's professor asked her to have these letters mailed.
2009年专升本原题:
29. Are you going downtown this afternoon? I am going to have these letters
________. A. mailed B. mail C. to mail D. mailing
完形填空解题注意：
1.通读全文，了解文章大意，充分发挥想象力，构思出文章内容的轮廓。
2.做题时学会“放弃”。完形填空题是在一个语篇中进行考查的。做题时，不大可能一气呵成。能做的，先做。不能做的，暂时放弃。待处理完全文，甚至在处理过程中，往往会有柳暗花明之时。
3.要有全局观。做完形填空题不能孤立地一个空一个空地处理，而应该上串下联。做完形填空题往往会出现单独来看，选某个选项是对的，但结合语篇来理解，却是错的。所以，要有全局观。
4.有耐心，不急躁。要一个空一个空地看、做，能做的先做，不能着急，以免出现过失失分。做完全题后，考生还应有个回首的过程，结合自己的选项，把全文再通读一篇，检查是否还有不妥当之处，以便加以纠正、改进。
专升本英语名词词组和固定搭配
专升本英语名词词组和固定搭配
动词搭配
1. add to增加，增进
add … to把…加进…
add up相加
add up to总计，所有这一切说明
2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉
break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开中止
break off暂停，中断
break in强行进入，插话
break into闯入
break into pieces成为碎片
break out爆发
break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散break through突破
3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
bring about造成
bring out拿出，出版
bring in引入，引进，挣钱
bring back使回想起
bring down使下降，使倒下
4. call on号召，拜访（某人）
call at拜访、参观（某地）
call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要
call up使回忆起, 征召入伍
call in召集，请某人来
call out大喊，高叫
call off取消，不举行
5. come about发生，出现
come down下跌，落，降，传下来come in进来
come into
(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)
come on来临/ 快点
come out出版，结果是
come along一道来，赶快
come to达到(an end/an agreement/a stop) 苏醒，合计，总共是
come over走过来
come up发芽，走近
come across偶然碰到
come back回想起
come from来自，源自
6. cut across抄近路
cut down砍倒，削减
cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系
cut up连根拔除，切碎
through剪断，凿穿
cut out删（省）掉，戒掉
cut in插嘴
7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）
die from死于（意外事故、情形）
die away渐渐消逝
die out绝种
die down(炉火)渐熄
die off逐一死去
8. fall behind落后
fall over one's feet 跌跤
fall down掉下，跌倒
fall back撤退，后退
9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加
go through通过，经受
go over复习，检查
go up（价格）上涨，建造起来
go after追捕，追赶
go against违反
go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧
go away离开
go by时间过去
go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉
go on(with)继续进行
go with相配，陪同
go without没有，缺少
go out外出，熄灭
go all out全力以赴
go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应go back on背约，食言go beyond超出10、get down下来，记下，使沮丧
get down to致力于，专心于
get on进展，进步，穿上，上车
get off脱下,下车
get in收集，插（话）
get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假
get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复get along with进展，相处
get up起床
get through打通电话，完成，通过
get round消息传开
get close to sth. 接近，几乎
get into (trouble)
get to (know)
get back取回，收回
get out
11. give away赠送，泄露，出卖
give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布
give off发出（光、热、气体）
give in (to sb.) 屈服
give up放弃，让（座位）
12. hand in交上，提交
hand out分发
hand down流传，遗传
13. hang about闲逛
hang up挂电话
14. hold back阻止，隐瞒
hold up举起，使停顿
hold on别挂电话，等，坚持
hold out持续，坚持，伸出
hold down控制，镇压
15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持，keep up with跟上
keep off (grass)不接近，离开
keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的keep out of
keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守
keep on继续，坚持下来
keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下
keep from克制，阻止
16. knock at/on敲
knock into撞到某人身上
knock down撞倒
knock out of把…敲出
knock over撞倒
knock off停止工作，休息
17. leave for离开前往
leave out删去，遗漏
leave behind遗留,忘记拿走
leave to留给，遗嘱赠于
leave over遗留，剩下，延期
18. look up查找，向上看
look through翻阅，浏览
look on旁观
look on…as看作
look into调查
look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
look out(for)当心
look about / around/round四下查看
look down upon瞧不起
look back upon回忆，回顾
look ab. up and down仔细打量某人
look ab in the face/eyes直视某人
19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成
make up for弥补
make into / of / from 制成
make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）make for走向，驶往，促使
20. pass away去世
pass by经过
pass down(on)…to传给
pass through经历
pass over漠视，忽视
21. pay back还钱，报复
pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应pay off还清
22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health)
pick out挑选，辨认，看出
23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下
put up with忍受
put out伸出，扑灭
put off推迟
put into放进，翻译
put away放好，存钱
put down记下，平息
put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前
put through 接通电话
put aside放到一边
put back放回
24. pull down拆掉，推翻
pull on匆匆穿上/ off 脱
pull in进站
pull out取出,(火车)离站
pull down往下拉,拆毁
pull over驶到一边
pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险pull
up（使）停住
25. push over推倒，刮倒
push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过
26. run across偶然碰到
run after追逐，追捕
run away逃跑
run for竞选
run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞run out of用完
27. see off送行
see through看透，识破
see to照料，照管
28. send for派人去请
send off送行
send out发出（光亮）等
send up发射
初中英语短语归纳(1)
中考高频短语汇总 A.look 短语 1look like看起来像 2.look for寻找 3look through浏览 4look up查阅，向上看 5.look over 仔细检查 6.look forward to期盼，期待 7.look after照顾，照料 B.put 短语 1.put up举起，挂起，搭建 2.put on穿上，戴上，上演 3.put away 把—放好 4.put off推迟，推延 5.put down把—放下，记下 6.put out扑灭，伸出 7.put into把—放进--，把—译成-- 8.put one's heart into 全神贯注于--- C.get 短语 1.get up起床 2.get off下车 3.get on上车,相处，进展 4.get over克服，恢复，原谅 5.get back回来，返回 6.get through接通电话 7.get along进展，相处8.get into陷入-- 9.get out 出去，离开10.get together相聚 11.get ready for为—做准备12.get married结婚 13.get in the way碍事，挡道14.get to到达 D.give短语 1.give up放弃 2.give out分发 3.give away赠送，分发 4.give back归还 E.think短语 1.think of 想起，认为 2.think up想出，提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑 F.take 短语 1.take up 占据（时间，空间） 2.take after与(父母等)相像 3.take place发生 4.take care小心，当心 5.take off 脱下，起飞 6.take out拿出，取出 7.take away拿走，带走8.take down取下 9.take it easy从容，不紧张10.take care of照顾，照料 11.take a rest休息一下12.take a shower洗澡
初中英语语法大全
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高中英语常用短语和句型归纳总结(完整版)
高中英语常用短语及句型归纳 1．高考高频动词短语 （1）act短语： act as 担任……职务，起……作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事） act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短语： break away 摆脱，脱离break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入break into …闯入……，破门而入 break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短语： bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along 把……带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 （比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒） bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施） bring up 抚养，培养，哺育 例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
初中英语短语汇总大全
中考短语集锦 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光，吃完 53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物 55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料 56. think of 考虑到，想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记 58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等） 61. turn off 关 agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事 arrive at/in sp 到达某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 decide to do sth 决定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 给某人某物 give sth to sb 给某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 it’s time for sth 该做某事了 it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了 it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意（某人）做某事pass sb sth 把某物递给某人 pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人practice doing sth 练习做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事 show sb sth 给某人看某物 show sth to sb 给某人看某物spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事spend…on sth 花费…在某物上 start doing sth 开始做某事
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
高考英语短语归纳
（M1）Unit 1 School life 1. on （the ）average平均 2 ……used to do sth 过去常做某事 3. be happy with sth/ sb对某事满意；和某人一起开心 4. for free 免费 5. such as例如 6. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 7. introduce A to B 把A 介绍给B ； 8. pass sth on（to）sb 把某物传递给某人 9. be available for 对…有用 10. far （away）from 远离；离开…很远 11. make sure that确保；确信 12. graduate from university从大学毕业 13. upon/ on doing一…就 14. surf the internet 上网 15. donate sth to sb捐赠某物给某人 … 16. forget to do sth忘记去做某事 17. inform sb of sth通知某人某事 18. prepare for 为…做准备 19. be responsible for对…负责；是…的原因 20. be made up of 由…组成 21. consist of组成；由…构成；包含有 22. come up with想出；提出 23. tell sb about sth 告诉某人某事 （ 24. sound like听起来像 25. word by word逐字逐句地 26. drop some subjects放弃某些科目 27. play on the school fields 在学校运动场上玩 28. e-mail sb 给某人发邮件 29.talk to sb about sth 关于某事和某人交谈 30. prepare to do sth 准备做某事 31. thank sb for因为…感谢某人 ~ 32. invite sb to do /swh……邀请某人做某事/ 去某地 33. make a speech about 做有关…的演讲 34. run a radio club经营广播俱乐部 35. approve （of）the idea 赞成这个主意 36. require sb to do sth要求某人做某事 （M1）Unit 2 Growing pains 1. turn up出现；调大 2. a waste of time浪费时间 , 3. try to do sth努力（尽力）去做某事 4. force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事 5. spend time （in）doing sth花时间做某事 6. be supposed to do sth应该做某事；被期望干某事 7. in charge负责；主管 8. shout at 对…大喊大叫 9. give sb a chance to do sth 给某人机会做某事 10. deserve to do sth 值得做某事 | 11. instead of代替 12. be hard on sb 对…苛刻；对…要求严格 13. now that既然；由于 14. be rude to sb 对某人粗鲁 15. feel like doing sth 想要或喜欢做某事 16. be different from sth 与…之间的不同 17. in the form of以某种形式 18. pay attention to重视；注意 < 19. think of考虑；想起 20. search for寻找；搜索 21. a little bit有点；一点点 22. be proud of 以…而骄傲 23. stay up 熬夜 24. mix up…with把…和…混淆 25. ask for sth 要求得到某物 26. stop doing sth停止做某事 / 27. mean to do sth有意做某事；打算做某事 28. keep in mind记住；牢记 29. tidy up 收拾；整理 30. be angry with 对…发怒/ 生气 31. clean up清除；收拾干净 32. a bit of一点；有一点儿 33. at all根本；究竟 34. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 《 35be busy with sth忙于某事 36. used to do sth过去常做某事 37. be used to do sth 被用来做某事 38. be used to doing sth习惯于做某事 39. refuse to do sth拒绝做某事 40. as though 好像；仿佛 41. insist on 坚持；强调；坚决要求 42. prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 ！ 43. forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事 44. argue about sth with sb 为某事同某人争辩
初中英语短语归纳
初中英语知识总结－短语、词组和重点句型归纳 [ 短语、词组归纳 ] 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理： 一、动词+介词 1 ．look at…看look like 看上去像……，look after …照料… 2listen to…听…… 3welcome to…欢迎到…… 4say hello to …向……问好 5speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类： A．动词（vt.）+副词 1 ． put on 穿上 2 ． take off 脱下 3 ． write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语， 宾语若是名词，
放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的 前面。 B ．动词（ vi ） + 副词。 1 ． com e on 赶快 2 ． get up 起床 3 ． go home 回家 4 ． com e in 进来 5 ． sit down 坐下 6 ． stand up 起立
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the sam e 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/gams 10. play games [ 介词短语聚焦 ] “介词 + 名词 / 代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16 常用的介词短语按用法进行 归类。 1in+ 语言 / 颜色 / 衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2 ． in + Row/ Team / Class/ Grade 等，表示“在……排 / 队 / 班级 / 年级”等。 3
初中英语动词短语归纳
初中英语动词短语整理 1. break break down破坏，出毛病，拆开 break off暂停，中断 break in破门而入，打断 break into破门而入，突然…起来 break out爆发 break away from打破陈规；奋力挣脱；放弃习惯break through 出现，突破 break up打碎，拆散，分裂、分解 2. call call at a place (车船等)停靠;到某地拜访。call away 叫走，叫开…;转移(注意力等)。 call back唤回; 回电话; call for需要，要求 call for sth (sb) 喊着叫某人来 call in 叫进，请进; 找来，请来;来访；收回call off取消; 叫走，转移开 call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人 call sb sth 为某人叫某物 call (up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事call up给…打电话; 想起，回忆起; 召集，应召入伍 call out大喊，高叫;叫出去 3. come come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来 come out出版，结果是 come on来临/ 快点 come along一道来，赶快 come over走过来 come up发芽，走近 come back回来 come from来自，源自 4. cut cut down砍倒，削减cut up连根拔除，切碎 5. die die of死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）die from死于（外界原因） die out绝种 6. fall fall behind落后 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall into 落入；陷入 fall off 从。。。掉下 fall out与。。。争吵 7. go go along沿着。。。。走 go through通过，经受 go over复习，检查 go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go against违反 go away离开 go by时间过去 go down降低，（日、月）西沉 go on(with)继续进行 go out外出，熄灭 go off发出响声 8. get get down下来，记下，使沮丧 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车 get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假 get over克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床 get into (trouble) 陷入困境中 get back取回，收回 get out 出去 .
(完整版)高考常见英语词组汇总(打印版)
A across from 在对面 act a part 假装 add up to 达到(数字) all to once 忽然；突然 all but (＝almost) 几乎，差点 apart from 除…外还 apply one’s mind to 专心于 ask after 问候 at a loss 不知所措；困惑不解 at the risk of 冒着…危险 at one time 曾经 at a time 一次，每次 at times 有时 Are u kidding? 开玩笑吧? above all 最重要 account for解释说明 around the clock整天不间断,一天24小时不停 as a matter of fact事实上 at sb`s service愿意为某人效劳 (at)the entrance to… (在)...入口处 as long ago as追溯到,早在 as a (general) rule一般地说来 answer the invitation 答复邀请 allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 at the invitation of sb.应某人的邀请advise sb. to do sth.劝说某人去做某事ahead of time 提前 accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指责，指控某人作某事 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 B back and forth 来来往往；（前后）来回地burst into 闯进 be absent from 不在；缺席 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be aware of 意识到 be better off 境况好 be blind to …对…视而不见be burdened with…负重 be engaged in 忙于；致力于 be favourable to 有助于；有力于 be responsible for 对…负责；是…原因be satisfied with 对…满意 by accident 偶然地；意外地 by all means 通过各种方法；一定要 by and by 不久以后；很快的 by no means 无论如何，决不 be named after sb. 以某人的名字命名 be taken into account 被考虑到 be accustomed to习惯于 be attached to对…有感情 be bound for去…地方 be in the dark蒙在鼓里,不知道 be made of money很有钱 be sick of对…负责任 be tied up in忙于做… be up to sb. 由某人来决定 be supposed to do (同should) bulletin board广告栏,布告栏 by all means当然 brief and to the point 简单扼要的；简洁的be trapped in …被困在... be equipped with 装备 be cross with/at sb. 生某人的气 be at war with…与…处于战争状态 be in safe hands 在可靠的人那里 behind time 晚，迟到 burst out 突然冒出 ┏but for 若没有 ┣can’t but do 只能 ┗the first line but two 第三厅 ┏be tired of …厌倦，厌烦(精神上) ┗be tired from/with…因...疲劳(体力上) C come into being 产生；存在 compare …to…把…比作…compare…with…把…与…进行比较congratulate sb. on …就…祝贺某人count on/upon 指望；依靠 cross out 除去；勾销
(完整版)初中英语短语归纳
初中英语短语归纳. A.look 短语 1.look at看---- 7.look like看起来像 2.look for寻找8.look through浏览 3.look up查阅，向上看9.look into向—里看 4.look out向外看，小心10.look around环顾四周 5.look over 仔细检查11.look forward to期盼，期待 6.look after照顾，照料12.look ahead向前看 B.put 短语 1.put up举起，挂起，搭建 2.put on穿上，戴上，上演 3.put away 把—放好 4.put off推迟，推延 5.put down把—放下，记下 6.put out扑灭，伸出 7.put into把—放进--，把—译成-- 8.put one's heart into 全神贯注于--- C.get 短语 1.get up起床 2.get off下车 3.get on上车,相处，进展 4.get over克服，恢复，原谅 5.get back回来，返回 6.get through接通电话 7.get along进展，相处8.get into陷入-- 9.get out 出去，离开10.get together相聚 11.get ready for为—做准备12.get married结婚 13.get in the way碍事，挡道14.get to到达 D.give短语 1.give up放弃 2.give out分发 3.give away赠送，分发 4.give back归还 E.think短语 1.think of 想起，认为 2.think up想出，提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑 F.take 短语 1.take up 占据（时间，空间） 2.take after与(父母等)相像 3.take place发生 4.take care小心，当心 5.take off 脱下，起飞 6.take out拿出，取出 7.take away拿走，带走8.take down取下 9.take it easy从容，不紧张10.take care of照顾，照料11.take a rest休息一下12.take a shower洗澡 13.take part in参加14.take pride in对—感到自豪15.take a photo拍照16.take turns轮流，依次 17.take an interest in对—感兴趣18.take a vacation去度假
初中英语语法总结(完整)
初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。
高考英语常见短语汇总
高考英语常见短语汇总 1.answers for 对……负责/担保;保证（某事）良好;承受…的结果 2.ask for 请求、寻找、要求见某人 3.break down失败、落空、毁掉、拆除、损坏、瓦解、崩溃、粉碎、分为细目 4.break in训练、驯养、闯入、破门而入、打断、插嘴、开始使用 5.break out发生、爆发、逃出、突围、由贮藏处取出使用、突然说出[发出、做出] 6.break up停止、散开、拆开、（完全）分解、分成小块、结束、（学校期末）放假、衰弱、（精神）崩溃、解散、使哄堂大笑、打断、破坏、断交、绝交、破裂、（天气）突然变化 7.bring out揭露、显示、解释、说明、出版、演出、使罢工、使免除、使开花、说出、暴露、诱导、引出 8.bring up养育、提出、教养、提升、开赴前线、[俗]呕吐 9.call for对…需要、要求、提倡、去接某人、去拿某物 10.carry away运[搬、带]走、水冲走...、[一般用被动态]使着迷、使陶醉、使神魂颠倒、受感动、使失去自制力、(风暴)刮断...、赢得(奖品等) 11.carry on继续开展、进行下去、经营、处理 12.catch on[口]投合人心、受人欢迎、理解、明白、抓住、流行起来、找到工作 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8f12771095.html,e on突然产生、进展、生长、发育、、偶遇、跟着来、开始、出台、（运动员的上场）快点、赶快 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8f12771095.html,e up走近、上(楼)来、(从土中)长出、发芽、被提出、流行起来、进城(尤指去伦敦)、上升、抬头、[俗]呕吐、快！(驱使牛、马行走或前进时的吆喝) 15.cut down砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节、压缩、缩短 16.cut in插嘴, 插入, 把...插进 17.cut out删掉、停止、戒掉、不吃、(机器)失灵、(自动)关掉、剪下来、剪裁、切除 18.cut through穿过、穿透; 克服; 避开; 不理睬; 剪断、简化 19.cut up切[破]碎、使难过、使痛苦、歼灭(敌兵等)、砍[割]伤、[口] 吹毛求疵 20.direct to指路、针对、把(注意力、精力)贯注在...上 21.fall down跌倒; 倒塌下来、[口]计划不切实际、失信; 没有完成或履行诺言 22.fall over落在...之上、脸朝下跌倒、极力/急于做 23.find out找出, 发现, 查明(真相等), 认识到, 想出, 揭发 24.get across使通过、讲清楚、使人了解 25.get along过日子、过活、相处、进展/步、[口]走开 26.get around走动、克服困难/障碍等、避开(规章等)、传开 27.get away（使）摆脱、（使）离开、无视、对...置之不理、（把某人[物]）从...争取[吸引]过来 28.get back for回来、取回 29.get back from从…回来/返回 30.get down to开始认真考虑、着手办理(某事) 31.get in进站、到达、回来、收集[割]、请...来做、加[插]入、进入、（使）陷入、（使）卷入、 32.get off下来、下车、起飞、（动身）离开、不受惩罚、被放过、脱下（衣服） 33.get on with继续(做某事)、与...和睦相处 34.get out of下车、走出、离开、摆脱、从……得到、改掉（习惯）、取[拔、弄]出 35.get over越[爬]过、克服、忍受、复原、痊愈、完成、走完、[口]忘记 36.get through完成、及格、到达、通过、用尽[完]、打通（电话） 37.get together收集、积累、聚集 38.give away背弃、出买、泄露（秘密）、暴露、散掉、给掉、赠送、分送、颁发、放弃、牺牲 39.give in 屈服、投降、退让（to）、交/呈上、宣布、发表
初中英语短语归纳总结-初中英语短语大全
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）补：a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补：at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing 补：base on 以…（为）根据 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心be close to…离…很近 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时