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gre考试真题题库及解析(五)

Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by

conscious objectivity, science often operates through

error, happy accidents, ______ and persistence in spite

of mistakes.

facts

controls

hunches

deductions

calculations

————————————————————————

答案：(C)

contrary to: prep.与...相反

happy: a.幸运的

hunch: n.基于直觉的想法,预感

persistence: n.1.坚持不懈,执意2.持续性,存留(状态)

deduction: n.1.减除,扣除2.演绎,推论

与某种盛的观念--即科学以有意识的客观性为其推动力--相反,科学常常是通过谬误, 幸运的巧合,直觉式的预感以及全然不管失误而坚持不懈的努力来操作运行的.

The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era is

viewed by most art historians as a ____ , because, instead

of an increasingly ______ pictorial art, we find

degeneration.

milestone.. debased

consolidation.. diverse

calamity.. aberrant

regression.. sophisticated

continuation.. improved

————————————————————————

答案：(D)

transition from... to...: n.由...向...的转折(或转变,过渡)

Paleolithic: a.旧时器时代的

Neolithic: a.新时器时代的

picorial: a.1.绘画的2.形象生动的

degeneration: n.衰退,堕落,蜕化,倒退

milestone: n.里程碑,里程碑式的重大事件

debase: v.贬低(身份,人格,意义),贬值

consolidation: n.1.巩固2.联合,合并

calamity: n.灾祸,巨大的苦难

aberrant: a.偏离正路的,反常的,异常的

regression: n.倒退,退化,回归

sophisticated: a.1.复杂的,精密的,尖端的,高度发展的

2.老于世故的,失去天真的,矫揉造作的

3.老练的,富有经验的,精通的

4.不落浴套的,深奥微妙的,精致的

在绝大多数艺术史家看来,由旧石器时代向新石器时代的转变乃是一种倒退,因为我们发现的并不是某种渐臻精致复杂的绘画艺术,相反却是一种衰落.

Salazar's presence in the group was so _____ the others

that they lost most of their earlier ______; failure, for

them, became all but unthinkable.

reassuring to .. trepidation

unnoticed by.. curiosity

unusual to.. harmony

endearing to.. confidence

unexpected by.. exhilaration

————————————————————————

答案：(A)

presence: n.存在

all but(后接形容词或副词): adv.几乎(即等于almost)

reassuring: a.安慰(性)的,鼓励(性)的,使人放心的,消除疑虑的

trepidation: n.惊慌,悸惧

endearing: a.引人喜爱的,表达钟爱之情的

exhilaration: n.欢欣鼓舞,高兴,振奋

萨拉查在该团体中的存在对其他人是如此莫大的安慰鼓励,以到于他们此前的大部分恐慌心理已荡然无存;失败,对他们来说,已几近无法想象

The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of

___, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an

important consideration.

economics

legislation

cleanliness

aesthetics

restoration

————————————————————————

答案：(D)

eradication: n.根除,杜绝

pollution: n.污染

legislation: n.1.立法,法律的制定(或通过) 2.法律,法规

aesthetics: n.美学,审美哲学

restoration: n.1.恢复2.复元,整修3.重新实施4.归还,返还

根除污染不仅仅是一个美学问题,尽管自然界那壮观的美丽确实是一个重要的考虑.

Despite an agreement between labor and management to

keep the print and electronic media ______ developments,

the details of the negotiations were ______ all but a

few journalists from the major metropolitan newspapers.

abreast of.. disclosed to

involved in.. leaded to

apprised of.. withheld from

speculating about.. denied to

ignorant of .. suppressed by

————————————————————————

答案：(C)

mangement: n.(企业,机关等的)管理人员,管理部门,经理部,资方

print:报界

electronic media: n.电台和电视一类的电子舆论媒体

metropolitan: a.大都会的,大城市的

all but(后接名词):除...之外的全部人(或事)

journalist: n.新闻记者

abreast: a.齐头并进的,并肩的,不落后于...的

keep abreast of(with): v.使与...齐头并进,使不落后于,使紧跟...的发展

disclose: v.1.使显露2.揭露,泄露,透露

leak: v.1.渗漏2.泄露(走漏)消息

apprise: v.(正式)通知,告知

withhold: v.1.使停止,阻挡2.拒给3.隐瞒

speculate: v.1.猜测,推测,推断2.思考,思索,深思默想,玄想

ignorant: a.一无所知,不了解的

尽管劳资双方达成共识,要让报界的电子传媒及时了解事态的发展,但是,谈判的具体细

节除了向该大都市主要几家报纸为数不多的记者有所透露之外,对其他所有人都一律加以隐瞒.

Word order in a sentence was much freer in Old French

than it is in French today, this _______disappeared as the

French language gradually lost its case distinctions.

restriction

license

similarity

rigidity

imperative

————————————————————————

答案：(B)

case: n.[语法]格(如主格,宾语,所有格等)

distinction: n.1.区分,差异,与众不同2.殊荣,荣誉,著名

licenseL: n.1.(艺术创作的)破格,不拘一格2.放纵,淫荡

rigidity: n.死板,僵化

imperative: n.1.紧近的事,必要性2.命令,规则

句子中的词序在古法语中较之在现代法语中要来得自由得多,但这种破格情形随着法语

逐渐失去其格的区分而消失殆尽.

Whereas biologists must maintain a _____attitude toward

the subjects of their research, social scientists must,

paradoxically, combine personal involvement and

scholarly _____.

scrupulous.. sympathy

careful.. abandon

casual.. precision

passive.. passion

disinterested.. detachment

————————————————————————

答案：(E)

paradoxically: adv.矛盾的

scrupulous: a.1.有顾忌的,有道德原则的2.细致认真的,一丝不苟的.

abandon: n.放纵,无拘无束,狂放,无节制

passion: n.激情,热情,强烈情感,酷爱

disinterested: a.1.公正无私的,无偏的2.冷漠的,无兴趣的

detachment: n.超脱,公正,不偏不倚

尽管生物学家对其研究课题必须持一种客观的态度,但矛盾的是,社会科学家却必须将个人的主观介入与学者应有的超然公正结合起来.

FLAG: COUNTRY::

dialect: region

handshake: greeting

trademark: company

patent: product

souvenir: vacation

————————————————————————

答案：(C)

国旗(衰退v.):国家

方言:地区

握手:问候

注册商标:公司

专利:产品

纪念品:度假

IRON: METAL::

granite: rock

fragment: block

mine: one

shale: petroleum

glacier: mountain

————————————————————————

答案：(A)

铁:金属

花岗石:岩石

碎片:大块(阻碍)

矿:矿石

页岩:石油

冰川:山

STENCIL: LETTERING::

skillet: heating

pattern: Sewing

plow: farming

music: singing

hammer: building

————————————————————————答案：(B)

印刷模板:以印刷体字母印

煎锅:加热

式样，图案:缝纫

犁:耕作

音乐:歌唱

锤子:建筑物

SWILL: SIP:

orate: listen

gobble: nibble

strut: walk

wink: glance

say: whisper

————————————————————————答案：(B)

痛饮:小口喝

演讲:听

狼吞虎咽:小口咬

昂首阔步地走(支杆):走

眨眼:一瞥

说:耳语

GLADE: FOREST::

river: bank

summit: valley

shore: lake

oasis: desert

field: furrow

————————————————————————答案：(D)

林中空地:森林

河:岸

顶峰(高层会议):峡谷

岸:湖

绿洲:沙漠

田:犁沟(皱纹)

EXULT: SATISFACTION::

crave: longing

banter: conversation

emote: affectation

venture: rashness

bore: weariness

————————————————————————答案：(A)

欢腾:满足

渴望:想望

打趣:对话

表达感情:做作

冒险:鲁莽

令人厌烦(钻孔):厌倦

INDUSTRIOUSNESS: ACTIVITY::

kindliness: animosity

anxiousness: apathy

boldness: strength

purposefulness: enthusiasm

fastidiousness: selectivity

————————————————————————答案：(E)

勤奋:活动

友好:敌意

渴望(焦虑):冷漠

大胆，鲁莽:力量

有目的:热情

挑剔:挑选

TRUCULENT: GENTLENESS::

gullible: belief

fervent: zeal

forthright: trust

gluttonous: appetite

unregenerate: remorse

————————————————————————答案：(E)

STRIDENCY: SOUND::

fluidity: liquid

graininess texture

garishness: appearance

variegation: color

aroma: odor

————————————————————————答案：(C)

Aided by the recent ability to analyze

samples of air trapped in glaciers,

scientists now have a clearer idea of

the relationship between atmospheric

(5) composition and global temperature

change over the past 160,000 years. In

particular, determination of atmospheric

composition during periods of glacial

expansion and retreat (cooling and (10) warming) is possible using data from the

2,000 meter Vostok ice core drilled in

Antarctica. The technique involved is

similar to that used in analyzing cores

of marine sediments, where the ratio of (15) the two common isotopes of oxygen, 12O

and 16O, accurately reflects past

temperature changes. Isotopic analysis

of oxygen in the Vostok core suggests

mean global temperature fluctuations (20) of up to 10 degrees centigrade over the

past 160,000 years.

Data from the Vostok core also

indicate that the amount of carbon

dioxide has fluctuated with tempera- (25) ture over the same period: the higher

the temperature, the higher the

concentration of carbon dioxide and the

lower the temperature, the lower the

concentration. Although change in carbon (30) dioxide content closely follows change

in temperature during periods of deglaci

ation it apparently lags behind

temperature during periods of cooling.

The correlation of carbon dioxide with (35) temperature, of course, does not

establish whether changes in atmospheric

composition caused the warming and

cooling trends or were caused by their.

The correlation between carbon dioxide (40) and temperature throughout the Vostok

record is consistent and predictable.

The absolute temperature changes,

however, are from 5 to 14 times greater

than would be expected on the basis of (45) carbon dioxide's own ability to absorb

infrared radiation, or radiant heat.

This reaction suggests that, quite aside

from changes in heat-trapping gases,

commonly known as greenhouse gases, (50) certain positive feedbacks are also

amplifying the temperature change. Such

feedbacks might involve ice on land and

sea, clouds, or water vapor, which also

absorb radiant heat.

(55) Other data from the Vostok core show

that methane gas also correlates closely

with temperature and carbon dioxide.

The methane concentration nearly

doubled,for example, between the peak

(60) of the penultimate glacial period and

the following interglacial period. Within

the present interglacial period it has

more than doubled in just the past 300

years and is rising rapidly. Although

(65) the concentration of atmospheric methane

is more than two orders of magnitude

lower than that of carbon dioxide, it

cannot be ignored: the radiative

properties of methane make it 20 times

(70) more effective, molecule for molecule,

than carbon dioxide in absorbing radiant

heat. On the basis of a simulation model

that climatological researchers have

developed, methane appears to have

(75) been about 25 percent as important as

carbon dioxide in the warming that took

place during the most recent glacial

retreat 8,000 to 10,000 years ago.

The primary purpose of the passage is

interpret data

explain research methodology

evaluate a conclusion

suggest a new technique

attack a theory

————————————————————————

答案：(A)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

的数据，对冰川扩张和消退（降温和升温）期间的大气构成予以确定，已成为可能。这一过程所涉及的技术类似于分析海洋沉积物岩芯所应用的技术，在此研究中，氧气的两个普通同位素（12O和16O）的比率精确地折射出过去的温度变化。对东方站冰芯中的氧气进行的同位素分析表明，在过去的160,000年中，全球平均气温波动变化高达摄氏10

度。

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

化：气温越高，二氧化碳含量越高；气温愈低，二氧化碳含量愈低。尽管在冰川消退期，二氧化碳含量的变化紧随着气温的变化，但在降温期，二氧化碳含量的变化显然滞后于气温。当然，二氧化碳与气温的关系无法确定大气构成的变化是否导致了升温和降温趋势，或者被它们所导致。

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

要相当程度上，除了捕热气体（即通常所称为的温室气体）以外，某些正反馈也会扩大温度变化。此类反馈可能涉及到陆地上和海洋中的冰、云、或水蒸气，它们也都会吸收辐射热。

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

According to the passage, which of

the following statements about methane

is true?

Methane is found in marine sediments.

Methane is more effective than carbon

dioxide in absorbing radiant heat.

The Earth's atmosphere now contains

more than twice as much methane as it

does carbon dioxide.

The higher the concentration of carbon

dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere; the

lower the concentration of methane.

Most of the global warming that has

occurred during the past 10 years has

been associated with increased methane

concentration.

————————————————————————

答案：(B)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

的数据，对冰川扩张和消退（降温和升温）期间的大气构成予以确定，已成为可能。这

一过程所涉及的技术类似于分析海洋沉积物岩芯所应用的技术，在此研究中，氧气的两个普通同位素（12O和16O）的比率精确地折射出过去的温度变化。对东方站冰芯中的氧气进行的同位素分析表明，在过去的160,000年中，全球平均气温波动变化高达摄氏10 度。

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

According to the passage, which of

the following statements best describes

the relationship between carbon dioxide

and global temperature?

Carbon dioxide levels change

immediately in response to changes in

temperature.

Carbon dioxide levels correlate with

global temperature during cooling periods

only.

Once carbon dioxide levels increase,

they remain high regardless of changes

in global temperature.

Carbon dioxide levels increase more

quickly than global temperature does.

During cooling periods, carbon dioxide

levels initially remain high and then

decline.

————————————————————————

答案：(E)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

The author mentions "certain positive

feedbacks" (lines 50) in order to

indicate that

increased concentration of carbon

dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere is

responsible for global temperature

increase.

some climate simulation models have

produced useful information.

greenhouse gases alone do not

account for global temperature

increase.

variables that benefit life are causing

global temperature to increase.

beneficial substances that are not

heat- trapping gases and that contribute

to global temperature increase have

been found in the Vostok ice core.

————————————————————————

答案：(C)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

It can be inferred from the passage

that a long-term decrease in the concent-

ration of carbon dioxide in the Earth's

atmosphere would

increase methane concentration in the

Earth's atmosphere

accompany a period of glaciation

encourage the formation of more oxygen

isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere

promote the formation of more water

in the Earth's global environment

increase the amount of infrared radiation

absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere

————————————————————————

答案：(B)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

The passage suggests that when the

methane concentration in the Earth's

atmosphere decreases, which of the

following also happens?

Glaciers melt faster.

The concentration of carbon dioxide

increases.

The mean global temperature

decreases.

Carbon dioxide absorbs more radiant

beat

More clouds form in the Earth's

atmosphere

————————————————————————

答案：(C)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

In the fourth paragraph, the author

is primarily concerned with

restating the main idea of the passage

using research findings to develop a

simulation model

outlining the direction of future

reserves

providing an additional example of a

phenomenon

introducing a conflicting hypothesis

————————————————————————

答案：(D)

最近，科学家已能够对困在冰川中的空气样品进行分析。在这一能力的帮助下，科

学家现在对过去160,000年中大气构成与全球气温变化之间的关系有了一个更为清晰的

了解。尤其是，通过利用在南极洲自2,000米深处东方站（Vostok）冰芯钻探挖掘得到

来自东方站冰芯的数据还表明，在同一时期，二氧化碳的数量也随着温度而波动变

在东主站的整个记录中。二氧化碳与气温的关系是连贯一致的和可预测的。但是，

绝对温度变化比人们所期待的要超出4至15倍，而人们所依据的是二氧化碳自身吸收

红外辐射（infrared radiation）或辐射热（radiant heat）的能力。这种关系表明，

来自东方站冰芯的其它数据表明，甲烷气体也与温度和二氧化碳密切相关。例

如，在倒数第二个冰川期高峰与随后的间冰期（interglacial）之间，甲烷的含量

几乎翻了一倍。在目前的间冰期范围内，它在过去短短的300年就已经增加了两倍

多，并正在迅速增长。尽管大气甲烷的含量要比二氧化碳的含量低两个数量级还不

至，但它仍不能被忽视：就分子与分子相对比，甲烷的辐射特性使其在吸收辐射热

这方面，要比二氧化碳强出20倍。从气候学研究者所建立的某个模拟模型来看，

在8,000至10,000年之前的最近一次冰川稍退期间发生的升温过程中，甲烷似乎

发挥了相等于二氧化碳25%的重要作用。

In The Women of Mexico City,1796-1857,

Sylvia Marina Arrom argues that the

status on women in Mexico City improved

during the nineteenth century.According

(5) to Arrom, households headed by females

and instances of women working outside

the home were much more common than

scholars have estimated; efforts by

the Mexican government to encourage

(10) female education resulted in increased

female literacy; and influential male

writers wrote pieces advocating

education, employment, and increased

family responsibilities for women, while

(15) deploring women's political and marital

inequality. Mention of the fact that the

civil codes of 1870 and 1884

significantly advanced women's rights

would have further strengthened Arrom's

(20) argument.

Arrom does not discuss whether

women's improved status counteracted

the effects on women of instability in the

Mexican economy during the nineteenth

(25) century.However, this is not so much a

weakness in her work as it is the inevi-

table result of scholars' neglect of this

period. Indeed, such gaps in Mexican

history are precisely what make Arrom's

(30) pioneering study an important addition

to Latin American women's history.

The passage is primarily concerned with

doing which of the following?

Reviewing a historical study of the

status of women in Mexico City during

the nineteenth century.

Analyzing the effects of economic

instability on the status of women in

Mexico during the nineteenth century

Advancing a thesis explaining why

women's status in Mexico City improved

during the nineteenth century

Rejecting the thesis that the status

of women in Mexico City during the nine-

teenth century actually improved

Praising an author for a pioneering

attempt to bridge significant gaps in

Mexico's economic history prior to 1790

————————————————————————

答案：(A)

在《1796—1857年墨西哥城的妇女》（The Women of Mexico City，1796—1857）

一书中，西尔维亚·玛丽娜·艾隆（Sylvia Marina Arrom）论辩道，墨西哥城的

妇女在十九世纪地位得到了提高。按照艾隆的观点，以女性为主宰的家庭，以及妇女在家庭以外工作的景象，要比学者们所估计的程度来得普遍常见得多：墨西哥政府所作出的鼓励妇女教育的努力导致了妇女文化知识的提高，而有影响的男性作家

也撰文倡导为妇女提供教育、就职机会、以及更多的家庭责任，而在同时对妇女的政治和婚姻不平等则深表痛惜。如果提及这样一个事实，即1870年和1884年的民法（civil codes）大大提高了妇女的权益，则更有可能进一步加强艾隆的论点。

但艾隆没能探讨这样一个问题，即妇女地位的提高是否抵消了十九世纪墨西哥

经济不稳定对妇女产生的影响。然而，这与其说是她研究中的一个缺陷，倒不如说是学者们对这段历史漠然无视所导致的一个不可避免的结果。毫无疑问，正是墨西哥历史中的这些空白才使得艾隆的开拓性研究成为拉丁美洲妇女史的一种重要增补。

According to the author of the passage,

Arrom's study can be characterized as

"an important addition to Latin American

women's history" (lines 30-31) because it

offers a radical thesis concerning

the status of women's civil rights in

Mexican society during the nineteenth

century

relies on a new method of historical

analysis that has not previously been

applied to Latin American history

focuses only on the status of women

in Mexican society

addresses a period in Mexican history

that scholars have to some extent neglected

is the first study to recognize the

role of the Mexican government in

encouraging women's education

————————————————————————

答案：(D)

在《1796—1857年墨西哥城的妇女》（The Women of Mexico City，1796—1857）

一书中，西尔维亚·玛丽娜·艾隆（Sylvia Marina Arrom）论辩道，墨西哥城的

妇女在十九世纪地位得到了提高。按照艾隆的观点，以女性为主宰的家庭，以及妇女在家庭以外工作的景象，要比学者们所估计的程度来得普遍常见得多：墨西哥政府所作出的鼓励妇女教育的努力导致了妇女文化知识的提高，而有影响的男性作家也撰文倡导为妇女提供教育、就职机会、以及更多的家庭责任，而在同时对妇女的政治和婚姻不平等则深表痛惜。如果提及这样一个事实，即1870年和1884年的民法（civil codes）大大提高了妇女的权益，则更有可能进一步加强艾隆的论点。

但艾隆没能探讨这样一个问题，即妇女地位的提高是否抵消了十九世纪墨西哥

It can be inferred from the passage

that Arrom would agree with which of the

following assertions?

Efforts by the Mexican government

to encourage education for women during

the nineteenth century were hampered by

the economic instability of that period.

The most significant advances in the

rights of Mexican women during the nine-

teenth century occurred prior to 1857.

Improvements in the status of women

in Mexico City during the nineteenth

century were accompanied by similar

improvements in the status of women

in other large Latin American cities.

Scholars have in the past accorded

the most significance to nineteenth-

century Mexican literature that supported

the status quo in women's political and

marital rights.

Scholars have in the past under-

estimated the number of households

headed by females in Mexico City.

————————————————————————

答案：(E)

在《1796—1857年墨西哥城的妇女》（The Women of Mexico City，1796—1857）

一书中，西尔维亚·玛丽娜·艾隆（Sylvia Marina Arrom）论辩道，墨西哥城的

但艾隆没能探讨这样一个问题，即妇女地位的提高是否抵消了十九世纪墨西哥

Which of the following best describes

the author's attitude toward Arrom's work?

Uncritical approval

Enthusiasm tempered by minor

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