2015英语阅读理解满分智囊团：猜词义的方法

阅读理解猜词义的方法

一、类属法

即通过类属来推测词义。如：

■Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.

说明：从句意我们知道pineapples 和coconuts 与bananas, oranges是同类事物，同属水果(准确地说是“菠萝”和“椰子”)。

二、推理法

即根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义。如：

■That museum is so immense t hat it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

说明：既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。

■Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.

说明：既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gorgeous)。

三、列举法

即通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。如：

■Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.

说明：像dogs 和monkeys 之类的“creatures”，显然creatures 的意思应是“动物”。

■In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.

说明：periodical 是生词，但根据其后所列举的例子，我们可以推测出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“杂志”。

四、构词法

即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。如：

■Overwork may cause diseases.

说明：前缀over- 的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork 的意思应为“工作过度”。

■There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.

说明：satisfied 的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis- 的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied 的意思应该是“不满意的”。

五、对比法

即根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。如：

■He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .

说明：句中的but 表明deteriorate 应该与get better 的意思相反，即“恶化”。

■In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.

说明：上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury 应与great wealth 相对，即表示“贫困”。

■Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.

说明：while 表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious 应是silent 的反义，即“多嘴的”。

■If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.

说明：既然画圈表示同意，那么画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。

六、同位法

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高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案

III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes

英语阅读理解高频词汇(分类整理)

经济类高频词 1.accelerate vt （使）加速，增速 例：accelerate the rate of economic growth加速经济增长 派：acceleration n 加速accelerating a 加速的 2.boost vt 提高，推动，使增长n 推动，增长 例：boost the economy推动经济增长 派：booster n 支持者，推动器 3.mushroom vi 迅速成长n 蘑菇 例：sth mushroom …快速成长/增加 4.flourish vi 繁荣，茂盛； vt挥动 例：the nation’s economy will flourish国家经济将繁荣发展 5.thrive vi 兴旺，繁荣 例：The company managed to thrive after a recession经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来6.impose vt 把…强加于；征税 考：impose on/upon把…强加于 例：to impose local tax征收地方税 派：imposing a 壮观的，令人难忘的 7.restore vt 恢复，修复；归还，交还 例： restore the economy to full strength完全恢复经济发展 派：restoration n 修复 revive v 使复苏vi 恢复 例：The economy of these areas is beginning to revive这些地方的经济开始复苏 8.soar vi 猛增，高飞；（情绪）高涨 例：Oil prices have soared in recent weeks石油价格最近几周飚升 9.squeeze vt 挤，压榨；n 拮据，紧缺；握手 例：financial squeeze财政困难 10.exceed vt 超过，越出 例：The benefits exceed $10 million利润超过1千万美元 派：exceeding a 超过的；exceedingly ad 非常

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案

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英语考试60个阅读高频词汇汇总

英语考试60个阅读高频词汇汇总hold sth to account 与….对证，核实 admit to 许可，允许 appear to 似乎，好像 apply sth to sth 把…适用于… ask for 要求 assure sb of sth 使某人确信某事ensure sb to do sth 保证某人做某事attach importance to = pay/ call attention to 关注，重视 be based on 以…为基础 be bound to 肯定，一定 when it comes to 当谈论到…,涉及到… be concerned with 担心，忧虑 contribute to 促成，造就 be content with 对…满意 cut back 消减 be convinced of/that 相信，认为 cope with=deal with处理，克服 daily routine 日常生活 devote to 投身于，致力于 have difficulty in doing sth 做….有困难 end up sth with sth 用…结束… be engaged in 参与，从事 elementary school 小学 be equal to 等同于，相当于 expose to 暴露，接触

to some /a extent 从某种角度 far from 一点也不，根本不 fail to 没能做成… at fault 有责任，有错误 federal authority 联邦政府 be filled with 充满 have to 必须得 homeland security 国土安全 be involved in 参与，从事 be judged on 按…评判，判断 lay stress on = focus on 强调，重视 meet one’s needs/standards 满足需要，符合标准 not…..but…..不是，而是 oil drilling= oil tapping= oil exploitation 开采石油 owing to/ due to / because of / thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为oppose to 反对 make a point of 重视 pay increases 加薪 persuade sb to do sth 劝说 pick up 捡起，接送，学习 there is no question that 毫无疑问 range from …to…范围从…到… resort to 采取…方法，手段 be responsible for 对…负责 have roots in根源于，原因

高考英语阅读理解高频词汇.总结

英语阅读理解高频词汇 ａdmit tｏ许可,允许?ａppeaｒｔo 似乎，好像 apply sｔｈ to sth 把…适用于…?ask for 要求?assurｅ sb of sth 使某人确信某事 ensure ｓb to do sｔｈ保证某人做某事 ａｔtaｃｈ impoｒtaｎce tｏ = pay/ ｃall attention ｔｏ关注,重视 be ｂasｅd ｏｎ以…为基础?be bounｄ to 肯定,一定?wｈｅn it coｍeｓｔo 当谈论到…,涉及到…?ｂe conceｒned ｗith 担心，忧虑 coｎtriｂute to 促成，造就?ｂe content ｗith 对…满意?cuｔ baｃｋ消减 bｅｃonvinced oｆ/that 相信,认为 cope ｗitｈ=deaｌ with处理，克服 daｉly routine 日常生活?dｅvote ｔｏ投身于，致力于?haｖe dｉffｉcuｌｔy ｉn doing stｈ做….有困难?end up sth with sｔh 用…结束…?bｅｅngagｅd iｎ参与，从事?elｅmentarｙｓｃhｏｏl 小学 be ｅqｕａｌｔo 等同于，相当于?exposｅ to 暴露，接触?to ｓoｍe ／a ｅxtent 从某种角度?fa ｒ from 一点也不,根本不?fａｉl to 没能做成…?at faulｔ有责任,有错误?ｆeｄeral ａuｔhority 联邦政府?be filｌeｄ wiｔｈ充满?hａｖｅ to 必须得?hoｍeｌａnd sｅcurity 国土安全?be inｖｏｌvｅｄ in 参与,从事 be judgｅd oｎ按…评判,判断 ｌay stｒess on = focｕｓ on 强调,重视 meet one’sｎeｅds／ｓtaｎdａrds 满足需要，符合标准 ｎot….．buｔ…．.不是，而是 oil drillｉｎg= oil tａpｐiｎg= oil eｘploiｔatioｎ开采石油?owiｎｇ to/ duｅｔo / becauｓe of / ｔhａnks to 幸亏，由于,因为 oｐpose to 反对?mａke ａ poinｔｏf 重视?p ａy inｃreases 加薪 pｅrsuade sb tｏ dｏｓｔh 劝说?piｃk up 捡起,接送,学习?thｅre iｓｎo ｑuestion ｔｈat 毫无疑问 raｎge frｏｍ…to…范围从…到…?reｓoｒt to 采取…方法，手段?be reｓponｓｉble for 对…负责ｈａｖe rｏots in根源于，原因 ｉｎ the loｎg ｒuｎ从长远角度看?ｓee／view/ｒegａrd/ｃonsideｒ as 把…当作,看做…?shaｒe onｅ’sｏpiｎioｎ同意.．．的观点 have something tｏｄo with 和．.．有关 ｈａve ｎothiｎg ｔo ｄo witｈ和…无关?sｏc ｉal tｉes 社会联系?ｓtｏp/prevenｔ/ｋｅｅｐ sb froｍ doｉｎg stｈ阻止…．.做….. strivｅｔo do 设法,努力?tend to 常常?in termｓ of 有关于，涉及到… volunteer to do sth 主动,志愿?ｉｎ the wake of s ｔh …之后 1.Ｂuｒn ｏne’s brｉdges。破釜沉舟。背水一战?２.Gｒeat miｎｄｓthｉnk aliｋe。英雄所见略同 3.No newｓis gｏod news。没有消息就是好消息? 4.Ｏｎe picture is wｏrｔh a ｔｈｏuｓａnd wｏrds。(On ｅeyewitness is bｅｔｔeｒthan tｅnｈｅarsａys。)百闻不如一见 5.Nothinｇｖeｎｔｕred, noｔhing gaiｎed。(Nｏthing braｖｅ，nothing havｅ。)不入虎穴,焉得虎子 6.Ｌife is full oｆups anｄdoｗns。生活充满起伏 7.It’s noｕｓe crying over ｓpilt milk。覆水难收 8．Ｈunger is the beｓｔsauce。饥饿是最好的调味品 9.Bｅtter lａte than never。迟做总比不做好。 １0．Goｄheｌps tｈosｅwｈo help ｔhemseｌves。天助自助者。 1１.Lｏve me，lｏｖｅmy dog。爱屋及乌?12.Don’tｃouｎt yｏur chickeｎs befｏｒｅｔhey hatch。小鸡孵出之后才算数?13．He bｉｔes oｆf tｈａn ｈeｒcan chew。(Theｅye is bigger thaｎｔｈe ｂｅlly。）贪多嚼不烂 １4．Eveｒyoｎｅhａsａskｅleton iｎhis closeｔ。人人都有不可告人之事? 15．To tｅach a fiｓh how to sｗiｍ。班门弄斧。 16.Rome wasｎ’tｂuilt in ａｄay。伟业非一日建成 17．Wｅll begun, halｆdｏne。好的开始，成功了一半 18.Eveｒy ｃloud ｈａｓa siｌver lining。乌云背后是银边?１９．Looｋｂｅｆｏre ｙou leap。三思而后行 ２0.Bｉrｄs of a featｈｅr fｌock toｇetｈeｒ。物以类聚 21.Ａｌitｔｌｅknoｗledｇe ｉｓdaｎｇerous。一知半解最危险?２2.Cｌothｅｓmaｋe the mａｎ。人要衣装。佛要金装?23.Ａgooｄmedicinｅtasteｓbiｔtｅr。良药苦口。 2４.History repeatｓiｔself。历史会重演

英语阅读-根据上下文猜测词义的技巧

三、词汇题解题技巧 词汇题一般会明确地告诉考生出题点在哪里，不需要考生查找所考查内容。它可以考一个单词的含义，一个词组的意思，或者考一个句子的弦外之音。 词汇题常见提问方式如下： The word “accentuate” (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means _____. What is the meaning of …? The word “colonies” (Line 2, Para.4) refers to _____. T he statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_____”. The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para3) is closest in meaning to “_____”. By “white elephant” the author refers to _____. 实例讲解： 原文： This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. 题目： 60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to____ .

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Leadership n.领导力['li:d??ip] length n.长度[le?θ, le?kθ］ legal adj.合法的['li:ɡ?l] lap n.圈[l?p] liquid n.液体['likwid] lip n.嘴唇[lip] lifetime n.一生['laiftaim] journal n.日记['d??:n?l] judgment n.判断['d??d?m?nt] joyful adj.高兴的['d??iful] kick v.踢[kik] meanwhile n.& adv.期间['mi:nwail] meantime= meanwhile medium adj中等的n. 媒体['mi:di?m, -dj?m] microphone n.麦克风['maikr?f?un] loyal adj.忠诚的['l?i?l] mature adj.成熟的[m?'tju?] maintain v.保持[mein'tein] historical adj.历史的[his't?rik?l] historic adj.历史的[his't?rik] horrible adj.恐怖的['h?r?bl] guidance n.引导['ɡaid?ns] guarantee v.保证[,ɡ?r?n'ti:] guilty n.有罪的；内疚的['ɡilti] growth n.增长[ɡｒ?uθ］ heaven n.天堂['hev?nli]

harmless adj.无害的['hɑ:mlis]

instruct v.指导；命令[in'str?kt] interactive adj.互动的[,int?r'?ktiv] ignore v.不理会；忽视[iɡ'n?:] impatient adj.没耐心的[im'pei??nt] hunt v.打猎；寻找[h?nt] humor n.幽默['hju:m?] insist v.坚持[in'sist] impression n.印象[im'pre??n] individual adj.& n.个人,个体[,indi'vidju?l, -d??l independence n.独立[,indi'pend?ns] pride n.骄傲[praid] preference n.偏爱(人/物)['pref?r?ns] practical adj.实际的；实用的['pr?ktik?l] possibility n.可能性[,p?s?'bil?ti] profit n.利润['pr?fit] professional adj.职业的[pr?'fe??n?l] rope n.绳子[r?up] scared adj.害怕的[skε?d] rank v.& n.排名[r??k] reaction n.反应[ri'?k??n, ri:-] reflect v.反射[ri'flekt] regret v.& n.后悔[ri'ɡret] reasonable adj.合理的['ri:z?n?bl] realistic adj.现实的[,ri?'listik, ,ri:-] recommend v.推荐[,rek?'mend] mystery n.迷,神秘['mist?ri]

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