2011江苏省委党校研究生入学英语复习资料

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Passage one

There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with . Human brains differ considerably, (2) some being more capable than others. (3)But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence (4)unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what (5)happens to the individual----the sort of environment in which he is brought (6)up. If an individual is handicapped (7) environmentally , it is likely that his brain

will(8)fail to develop and he will (9)never attain the level of intelligence of which he is (10)capabl .

The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be (11)demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in (12) separate foster(寄养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in a(n)(13)isolated community with poor educational(14) opportunities.

John, (15) however , was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental (16) difference continued until the twins were(17) in their late teens,(18) when they were

given tests (19) measure their intelligence. John’s I.O. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the (20) average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.

1) A) for B) by C) with D) in

2) A) most B) some C) many D) few

3) A) But B) For C) Still D) And

4) A) if B) though C) as D) unless

5) A) refers B) applies C) happens D) concerns

6) A) about B) up C)forward D) forth

7) A) relatively B) intelligently C) regularly D) environmentally

8) A) fail B help C) manage D) stop

9) A) ever B) never C) even D) nearly

10) A) able B) capable C) available D) acceptable

11) A) demonstrated B) indicated C) released D) revealed

12) A) identical B) diverse C) parallel D) similar

13) A) separate B) independent C) remote D) individual

14) A) omitted B) isolated C) enclosed D) occupied

15) A) moreover B) furthermore C) therefore D) however

16) A) exception B) division C) difference D) alteration

17) A) in B) by C) at D) for

18) A) while B) since C) when D) because

19) A) estimate B) count C) decide D) measure

20) A) average B) common C) usual D) ordinary Passage six

In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages_1 of _using faculty (教师[总称]) from foreign countries _2 in_ teaching positions have to be _3 considered_, of course. It can be said that foreign _4_background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset(财富) also -5 creates- problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual.

The foreign research scholar usually isolates _6 himself_ in the laboratory as a means of protection; _7 however_ , what he needs is to be fitted _8 into_ a highly organized university system quite different from _9 that_ at home. He is faced in his daily work _10 with_ differences in

philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students _11 lack_ background in each other's cultures. Some _12 concept_ of what is already in the minds of America students is _13 required_ by the foreign professor. While helping him to _14 adapt_ himself to his new environment, the university must also _15 make_ certain adjustments in order to _16 take_ full advantage of what the newcomer can _17 offer_ . It isn't always known how to make _18 creative_ use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a _19 field_ where further study is called _20 for_ . The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.

1. A) with B) for C) of D) at

2. A) in B) on C) for D) within

3. A) thought B) measured C) balanced D) considered

4. A) situation B) circumstance C) background D) condition

5. A) carries B) creates C) emerges D) solves

6. A) himself B) oneself C) him D) one

7. A) otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also

8. A) into B) by C) to D) with

9. A) those B) which C) what D) that

10. A) toward B) with C) to D) at

11. A) have B) possess C) need D) lack

12. A) concept B) feeling C) plan D) intelligence

13. A) ordered B) asked C) insisted D) required

14. A) place B) adapt C) put D) direct

15. A) remain B) keep C) make D) cause

16. A) take B) make C) do D) be

17. A) show B) afford C) express D) offer

18. A) powerful B) creative C) imaginary D) advanced

19. A) scope B) range C) field D) district

20. A) on B) for C) upon D) at

Passage Eight

As civilizatlon_1proceeds _in the direction of technology it passes the point of supplying all the basic _2 essentials_ of life-----food，_3 shelter _,clothes,and_4Warmth_．Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and_5 fulfill_needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or,_6 on_ the other hand．Using technology to_7 reduce_the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living．In other words，we either raise our standard of living above _8 that_necessary for comfort and happiness or we_9 leave_it at this level and work Shorter hours．I shall take it as axiomatic(其理自明的）that mankind has．by that time，chosen the latter_10 alternative_．Men will be working shorter and shorter hours in their paid_11 employment _．It follows that the housewife will

also_12 expect_ to be able to have more_l3 leisure_ in her life without lowering her standard of living．It also follows that human_14 domestic _ servants will have completely _15 ceased_ to exist．Y et the great_16 majority_of the housewives will wish to be relieved completely from the_17 routine _operations of the home such as scrubbing the floors or the_18 bath_ or the_19 cooker_．Or washing the clothes or washing_20 up＿,or dusting or sweeping，or making beds．

1．A．proceeds B．profits C. Projects D. promotes 2．A．events B．processions C．essentials D. luxuries 3．A．shower B．Shopping C．Shoulder D. shelter 4．A．Warmth B．friendship C．sickness D. disease 5．A．fulfill B. remark C．reject D. regulate

6．A．for B．with C．on D．in

7．A．increase B．reduce C．release D．relax

8．A．all B．What C．which D．that

9．A．leave B．lower C．locate D．list

10．A．Chance B．Choice C．alternative D．Substitute 11．A．labor B．employer C．employee D. employment

12．A. consider B．exist C．expect D．expend

13、A．Iever B．leisure C．liberty D．luck

14，A，dramatic B．domestic C．diverse D．discrete 15．A．paused B，B. stopped C. ceased D. ended

16．A．majority B．minority C. minimum D· maximum 17．A．rotary B．row C．route D. routine

18．A. bathe B．bay C．bath D. bat

19．A．cook B．cooker C．coil D. comb

20．A．up B. away C. out Dover

2、他承诺帮助我们买下那栋房子，但有点勉强。

He promised to help us to buy the house, but a little reluctance.

5、她力劝我接受那个新职位，虽然那职位报酬并不优厚。

She urged me to accept that new position, although the job is not very well paid.

7、我会尽力满足顾客的要求。

I'll try my best to meet the requirements of our customers.

12、既然你计划移居加拿大，那你必须努力适应寒冷的气候。

Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to the cold weather.

15、在21世纪，人们将在家里通过因特网购物，并要求送货到家。

In the 21st century people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have the delivered.

18、做家庭作业时，每10个学生中有8个会去利用诸如博物馆和科学设施之类的资源。

Eight out of every ten studends wil use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignments.

22、我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。

When I go to work ,I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception.

23、对高层管理人员来说，扩充管理方面的信息和知识尤为重要。

The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers

27、由于许多地方禁止做吸烟广告，吸烟将变得不受欢迎。

As smoking advertising is banned in many areas,smoking cigarettes will be under siege.

29、是我们自己的所为和所不为决定着我们的未来。

It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.

33、我始终知道他会以优异的成绩毕业。

I knew all along that he would graduate with distinction.

37、工作人员对这一说法的真实性有些保留看法。

The working staff had some reservations about the truth of the claim. 42、当地政府将毫不犹豫地采取最严厉的措施对付犯罪分子。

The local government will not hesitate to take the severest measures against criminals.

46、他们最终实现了要以自己的生命为祖国的自由而努力的诺言。

They finally fulfilled pledges to work for the freedom of their country at the expense of their lives.

47、在每周的例会上，每个人的发言都不能离开会议主题。

At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine his remarks to the subject.

Passage Two

The oldest tone buildings in the world are world are the pyramids. hey have stood for nearly 5,000years, and it seems likely

they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of

which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Bent”pyramid.

Some of the pyramids still look much as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids. and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.

It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large work have fortunately been preserved. How ever, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids them selves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologist have formed a fairly clear picture of them.

One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. Y ou may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a

pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.

The step pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile; the side on which the sun set. This was for religious reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point, Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base which was not likely to crack under the great weight of the pyramid. Finglly, it had to be near the capital, or better still, near the king’s palace so that he could visit it and personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.

1. One of the reasons why some pyramids remain well preserved is that .

A. people have taken good care of them

B. it doesn’t rain often in Egypt

C. they have been buried in sand

D. the Egyptian government has protected them form harm

2. Most of the damage to the pyramids has caused by .

A . the weather

B. people searching for gold

C. the Nile River

D. people in search of building materials

3. W e can guess how the pyramids were built because archaeologists have .

A .studied them and the tools used to built them

B. found the plans of some of them

C. found paintings showing each stage of construction

D. found descriptions of how some were built

4. What, according to the writer, is the “one thing that is certain”

A . Pyramids required extensive planning

B. A pyramid’s site was not chosen with care

C. W e know nothing else about the building of Pyramids

D. Pyramids posed many difficult problems

5. Why did the Egyptians build the pyramids along the bank of the Nile?

A . This must have been for religious reasons.

B. It was difficult problems to find large rock bases far from the river

C. Pyramids has to be built on the west side of the Nile

D. The river helped a lot in the transportations of building materials.

Passage Four

The Last Supper is regarded as one of the supreme masterpieces in the whole field of pictorial art．Tradition has it that Leonardo da Vinci worked for ten years upon the painting，the monks in the church fretting at the delay．it was said that Leonardo often painted continuously from dawn to night without eating his meals. But at other times he spent hours before the picture，lost in contemplation，examining，comparing，and gauging his figures．

This inactivity roused the indignation of the fussy Prior, the head of the church，who belonged to the large group of those who believe that the busier a man seems, the more he accomplishes; and so he tried to find fault with the idle painter．Leonardo was slightly incensed and explained to somebody else that there is a great difference between the work of the creative artist and the stonemason. The creative artist needs time for contemplation；he may be busiest when his hands are idlest．Just now he needed two heads to complete the picture; that of Christ，for which no model on earth could be found，for where was the man to be found whose face would express the strength，and beauty, and tenderness，and the sorrow of the Christ; then he also needed a head of Judas，and that was hard to find as well，for where was the man whose face could express the meanness of that base traitor. But he would look no further, if none came his way,he would be satisfied to take the Prior as a model for Judas，This

threat silenced the irritable Prior．who quite naturally had no desire to pass to descendants in such a fashion．

1．Why did the Prior complain about the delay？

A．Because he thought that the painter idled most of the hours．

B．Because he knew that genius might be busiest when seemingly idlest．

C．Because he liked the work of a stonemason．

D．Because he was eager to be taken as a model for Judas．2．What does “contemplation” in the last sentence of Paragraph mean？

A．possibility．B．intention．C．deep thought D．expectation．3．which of the following is True？

A．The painter was pl eased with the Prior’s complaint．

B．The Prior was angry because he thought the painter did not work had．

C．The painter took one of the monks as a model for Christ．

D．The painter took one of the monks as a model for Judas．4．Which of the following is Not true？

A．Leonardo took the fussy Prior as a model for Judas．

B．The prior was discontented With Da Vinci’s masterpieces．

C．The painting was accomplished in ten years．

D．The painting is justly regarded as one of the world’s masterpieces．

5．Why did the Prior stop complaining？

A．He did not wish to be remembered like an evil traitor after he died．

B．He wanted to be painted as Judas who betrayed his master.

C．He disliked to be painted in fashionable clothes．

D．He was pleased to be a fashionable model．

Passage Seven

Have you ever stood in front Of a large group of people and had to speak or perform？some people perform in front of an audience every single day. They are the professional entertainers and their work is not always easy．

Every night in the theatre，actors and actresses have to remember thousands of words．Every night in concert hall and night clubs，musicians try hard to make no mistake when they play their music．Singers worry about singing the right notes．Magicians are nervous about making mistakes，worrying that one day a magic trick or a card trick will not work．Perhaps circus clowns and night club comedians，however have the hardest job of all．They have to make people laugh everyday with well-told jokes and funny acts．No，being an entertainer is not such an easy way to make a living·

A lot of people also think that all entertainment world makes a lot of money of course，there are a few film stars，pop stars and television personalities who make millions of pounds every time they open their mouths．There are also a few famous film directors who make a lot of money telling actors and actresses how to speak and where to stand．Some of the best stunt men and women are also well-paid for jumping out of moving cars and off high buildings，and for all the other dangerous things that they have to do．However, there are also thousands and thousands of actors, actresses and singers who find it very difficult to get work acting and singing．Then, when they do find work，most of them earn very little money

1．From the passage，we know a magician_______________．A．is good at telling jokes to others

B．performs in plays on the stages

C．does clever tricks with his or her hands

D．is a person interested in tricking

2．The word-closest in meaning to “entertainer” is

A．performer B．actor C．comedian D．physician

3．Who was a comedian among the following famous persons？A．Charles Dickens B．Charlie Chaplin C．Mark Twain D．Bernard Shaw

4．the following people make a lot of money except___________．

A．a movie star B．film director C．a composer D．a pop star 5．The best title for the passage is_____________．

A．Famous Entertainers’ Work B．How Entertainers Work C．Who Makes More Money D．Entertainers

Passage Ten

In the United States today, nearly halt of us live In areas that we refer to as the suburbs．Any dictionary will define the suburbs as those areas。usually residential，that lie outside cities and towns．But，for millions of Americans in the last thirty years、the suburbs have come to mean much more than that．

For those who moved to the developing suburbs alter the Second World war they represented an escape from urban congestion to a home of ones own--preferably one with an attached two－car garage---on a little half－acre of tree－shaped land．It also meant dally commutation to work by railroad or expressway，a lawn to mow and a mortgage to pay off over the years．

Nobody approves of life in the suburbs but the people who live there Urban critics argue that suburbanites enjoy all the cultural，educational，and commercial advantages that cities offer without paying for them．Farmers Worry about losing their farms to uncontrolled suburban sprawl．The suburbs have also been criticized for the monotonous sameness of their design and for their ability to insulate their inhabitants

from the problems of the larger society In which they live．

On the other hand，defenders of the suburbs argue that the life－style that they offer is more varied and more Inclusive than the critics admit：there are many different kinds of suburbs and a variety of people living in them．While the development of the suburbs has created problems，it has also provided substantial modern housing for millions of people．Suburban living offers the best of two worlds—the city and the country----at a price that many are able to afford．

Many people will always prefer the hectic pace and excitement of life in the city, while others will want the more tranquil pace of life in the country But for those in either city or country who are willing to compromise，the suburbs are waiting．

l．The best title for this passage would be_______________．A．Today’s Americans B．Suburban Life

C．Daily Commutation D. Urban Congestion

2．In the first sentence of＊the second paragraph，the word “they” most probably refers to______________

A．the cities and the towns B．millions of Americans C．the developing suburbs D．people who moved to the suburbs

3．People who are against suburbs thought that．

A．people living In suburbs cannot enjoy the advantages of city life．

B．people living In suburbs have the same problems as city people C．it is inconvenient for people to live In suburbs

D．living In suburbs cannot provide various life－styles

4．The word “suburbanites”in the third paragraph most probably means______

A．suburban areas B．suburban defenders

C．suburban critics D．suburban inhabitants

5．Those for suburban life would agree to all of the following except________

A．life in suburbs Is by no means uninteresting

B．suburbs can provide housing for many people

C．the development of the suburbs will create no problems

D．suburbs offer the advantages of both the city and the countryside

Passage Thirteen

Aging Is the process of growing old．it occurs eventually in every living thing provided, of course, that an illness or accident does not kill it premature. The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people，such as the greying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin．Signs of aging In a pet dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy, a decline In hearing and eyesight，or even a slight greying of the coat．Plants age too，but the signs are much harder to detect．

Most body parts grow bigger and stronger and function more efficiently during childhood．They reach their peak at the time of maturity or early adulthood．After that，they begin to decline．Bones，for example，gradually become lighter and more brittle．in the aged，the joints between the bones also become rigid and more inflexible．This can make moving very painful．

All the major organs of the body show signs of aging．The brain，for example，works less efficiently and even gets smaller In size．Thinking processes of all sorts are slowed down．Old people often have trouble In remembering recent events．

One of the most serious changes of old age occurs In the arteries，the blood vessels that lead from the heart. They become thickened and constricted，allowing less blood to flow to the rest of the body .This condition accounts，directly or indirectly, for many of the diseases of the aged．It may, for example，result in heart attack．

Aging is not a uniform process．Different parts of the body wear out different rates．There are great differences among people In their rate of aging．Even the cells of the body differ in the way they age．The majority of cells are capable of reproducing themselves many times during the course of a lifetime．Nerve cells and muscle fibres can never be replaced once they wear out．

Gerontologists---scientists who study the process of aging---believe

the wearing out of the body Is controlled by a built－In biological time－clock．They are trying to discover how this clock works so that they can slow down the process，This could give man a longer life and a great number of productive years．

l．What is the main idea in the first paragraph？

A．Signs of aging are easier to detect in animals than in plants．

B．Aging occurs in every living thing after it has reached maturity…

C．The outward signs of aging may be seen in old people,

D．Not all signs of aging are visible·

2．“ The arteri es“ refers to___________．

A．the paths along which blood flows to all parts of the body

B．the tubes carrying blood back to the heart

C．vessels that are thickened and constricted

D．such heart diseases as suffered by old people

3．” A ging Is not a uniform process” means that．

A．old people do not have the same outward signs of aging

B．not all people age at the same ape

C．the process of aging is slow．

D．nerve cells and muscle fibres do not age simultaneously 4．Which of the statements about aging Is false？

A．People vary In their rate of aging．

B．The cells of the body age In different ways．

2019英语硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案

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2013年研究生入学考试英语一真题 Part A Text 1 Inthe 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played byMeryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashiondoesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’ssweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and tothe bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment 。 Thistop-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or atodds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-yearindictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technologyhave allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react totrends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnroundsmean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Thoselabels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertisethat——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. Byoffering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands havehijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonalpace 。 Thevictims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. ForH&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around theworld, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strainnatural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals 。 Overdressedis the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like MichaelPollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fillsa hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans,she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64items per person——and no matter how much they giveaway, this excess leads to waste 。 Towardsthe end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB,who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——andbeautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; herexample, can’t be knocked off 。 Thoughseveral fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, withits green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believeslasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealismcommon to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanityis a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’tafford to it 。21. Priestly criticizes her assistantfor her [A] poor bargaining skill 。 [B] insensitivity to fashion 。　[C] obsession with high fashion 。 [D]lack of imagination 。22. According to Cline, mass-maket labelsurge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste 。 [B] shut out the feverish fashion world 。　[C] resist the influence of advertisements 。　[D] shop for their garments morefrequently 。 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。