2020托福阅读长难句分析(3)

2020托福阅读长难句分析(3)

托福阅读长难句

3. The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in

order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.

句子分析：本句主要是在做解释，这个解释是通过is之后that

引导的表语从句来展开。在这个从句中有多个谓语动词并列出现，分

别是：excavated, modified, plugged up，这些动作的实施都是为了

in order to后面表达的目的，即create reservoirs，最后which引

导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的名词reservoirs。

句子翻译：有一种解释是玛雅人挖掘或者改造自然的低地，然后

通过在低地底部涂上灰泥来堵住喀斯特地貌所造成的漏水地方，这样

做能够建立水库，而这些水库能够收集来自抹了灰泥的大型集水盆地

的雨水并储存起来，以备旱季所用。

解题思路：这句话句简题的准确答案应该是选项A. Southern Maya populations obtained the water they needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions. (玛雅南部地区的居民通过堵住缝隙的低地来收集和储

存雨水，以备旱季之用。)我们来看看其他几个错误答案的原因：选项B. The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. 其中的modifying natural rainwater是原句所没有提到的;选项C. Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season. 其中leaks in the karst这

个问题在原句中已经通过涂上灰泥得到了解决，所以不存有困难;选项

D. Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain

than storing it during dry seasons. 其中more successful的比

较在原句中没有提到。

单词复习

depression本意是“沮丧;萧条”，在这里表示“低地”。

excavate depressions指的是“挖掘低地”。

modify本意是“修改”，在这里说的是“改造自然的低地”。

plug up leaks指的是“堵住漏水的地方”。

karst是大家所熟悉的一种地貌，叫“喀斯特地貌”，具有溶蚀力的水对可溶性岩石(大多为石灰岩)实行溶蚀等作用所形成的地貌。

catchment basins指的是“集水盆地”。

plaster作名词，表示“石膏“，作动词，表示”涂以灰泥” ，

比如：His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他骨折的腿被

打上了石膏。

语法小知识

何谓表语从句?

-名词性从句在be动词后作主语的补语，常见的表语从句有that

所引导或wh-疑问词所引导。

比如：One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature. 居住在乡村的优点之一是人能够亲近自然。

The problem is where we can get the things we need. 问题

是我们从哪里弄到我们需要的东西。

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