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Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But

for a creature called the Cuvier's beaked whale,

hearing starts in the throat, a new study found.

The observation might help explain how all whales

hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (声呐)．This sonar，used by some ships，sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.

The Cuvier's beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales div e deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they're 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.

To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.

Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.

The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure called “the window for sound”.Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (垫) of fat on the inside.

When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale's head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal's jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal's ears.

语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，解释了柯氏喙鲸是如何听见声音的。

1．Toothed whales ________ to search for what they will eat under the sea.

A．measure the shape and size of their objects

B．watch deep into the sea

C．ask other whales to work together

D．give out signals and wait for them to return

解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段第三句可知柯氏喙鲸是通过发出信号，并等待信号返回来寻找食物。

2．Researchers took X-rays of two Cuvier's beaked whales in order to ________.

A．find out why they had died and washed up on the beach

B．make a computer model of a Cuvier's beaked whale's head

C．make sure that sound travels through the head

D．know more about the way the whale hears

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知研究者拍X光片的目的是为了更好地研究柯氏喙鲸的听力特点。

3．Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier's beaked whale?

A．A hole in the back of the jaw→the ears→the jaw→the throa t.

B．The jaw→the throat→a hole in the back of the jaw→the ears.

C．The throat→the jaw→the ears→a hole in the back of the jaw.

D．The ears→the throat→a hole in the back of the jaw→the jaw.

解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知柯氏喙鲸听力的过程为B。

4．According to the passage, we know that________.

A．the throat is important to the Cuvier's beaked whale's hearing

B．ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier's beaked whale

C．the ears are actually useless to the Cuvier's beaked whale

D．the researchers haven't found how the whales hear

解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可推断喉咙对柯氏喙鲸听力很重要，故选A。

B

For years, the giant squid (大王乌贼) had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly. It had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: for the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public

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马蒂的故事 你好。我叫马蒂．菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。再说，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。 十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我们的国家参加世界杯足球赛。后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。最后我到医院去做了检查，几乎住了三个月的医院。我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。因此，很难知道将来会是个什么样子。 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落了许多功课。每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。 我在中学时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学开始接受了我的状况。还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。总而言之，我生活得挺好。我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。去年我发明了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。此外，我还有好多功课，特别是在病了一段时间之后。 在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。我必须努力工作才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。假如我有机会跟健康孩子讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 谢谢你们读我的故事。．马蒂 致建筑师的一封信桑达斯女士 爱丽斯。梅杰 总建筑师剑桥街64号 影院设计公司班克斯敦 希尔街44号 班克斯敦 20(0年9月2,4日 亲爱的桑达斯女士： 今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新影院的建筑设计师。我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要。尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了： 1．为乘坐轮椅的人进入电影院提供充分的便利。影院内的各个部分都安装电梯就会很方便。电梯的按钮应当让乘坐轮椅的人容易够到，电梯门应足够宽。在有些电影院里，(残疾人专用)电梯设在影院背后阴冷而不显眼的地方。由于残疾人必须要使用这些电梯，这就使残疾人感到比别的观众低一等。 2．给听力有障碍的人提供耳机。所有座位的旁边都装有耳机，而不是少数几个座位，那会有帮助。这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的观众和那些听力正常的朋友坐在一起欣赏，而不是让前者坐在一个特定的区域。