20172018学年高中英语专题Unit1Art3Grammar&Writing试题(含解析)新人教版选修6

Unit 1 Art

1.3 Grammar & Writing

Grammar: 虚拟语气（Ⅰ）（Subjunctive Mood (Ⅰ)）

一、语气的分类

语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法或态度。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三类。

1．陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

?There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两面性。

2．祈使语气

表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。

?Please lend me your dictionary.请把你的字典借给我用一下。

3．虚拟语气

用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种假设、愿望或建议等。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

?If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.

如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

包含条件从句的句子称为条件句。条件句分为两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况很可能发生，就用真实条件句。

?If he has time, he wil come. 如果他有时间，他会来的。

?He won’t succeed unless we plan well. 他不会成功的，除非我们计划好。

如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式

与现在事实

相反过去式（be的过去式常用were）would/should/might/could + 动词原

形

与将来事实

相反(1) 过去式

(2)should + 动词原形

would/should/might/could + 动词原

形

(3)were to + 动词原形

与过去事实

相反过去完成时（had + 过去分词）would/should/might/could + 过去分

词

?If he had time now，he would(could，might)go with you.

要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)

?If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would(could，might) have met the famous singer.

如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反) ?If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.

如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)

三、几种特殊的虚拟条件从句

1．省略if形式的虚拟语气

在if虚拟条件句中，若省略if，则将should，were，had前置，构成主谓倒装句式。

?Had I worked harder，I would have succeeded.

如果我当时努力学习的话，我就会成功的。

?Were she my daughter(Should she be my daughter)，I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.

如果她是我的女儿的话，我就不让她出国学习了。

2．混合虚拟语气

若主句和从句所表示的时间不一致，就构成了混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气，此时，主句和从句的时态形式根据实际的时间概念来定。

?If she had followed the doctor's words，she would feel better now.

如果当初她听从了医生的建议，现在就会好多了。

3．含蓄虚拟语气

有时候假设的条件不是通过条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些介词短语中，如without...，连词but for，otherwise，or等中。

?Without music(＝If there were no music)，the world would be dull.

世界若无音乐将会很枯燥。

?I'm really very busy，otherwise I would certainly go there with you.(otherwise

＝if I were not so busy)

我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。

四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1. 动词wish后的宾语从句。

表示现在的情况，从句谓语用过去式；表示过去的情况，从句谓语用过去完成式；表示将来的情况，从句谓语用＂would/ should/could/might + 动词原形＂。

?I wish I were ten years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。

?I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。

?I wish I would be a scientist. 我希望将来成为科学家。

2. 在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用＂should + 动词原形＂，should可省略。常见的这类动词有：suggest，recommend， insist， order， require，advise， demand， command， ask， request，propose等。

?He suggested that we (should) be here in time. 他建议我们及时到那儿。

?The doctor advised that he (should) change his job. 医生劝他换工作。

3. 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。

?I would rather you told me the truth. 我愿意你跟我讲真话。

?I would rather you had been present. 我倒愿意你当时在场。

1.（2017?江苏） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were

B. Were it

C. It was

D. Was it

2.（2017?天津）—Do you have B etty’s phone number?

—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.

A. hadn’t been

B. wouldn’t have been

C. weren’t

D. wouldn’t be

3. (2016·浙江) Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths _______ since their

highest in 2005.

A. had not fallen

B. would not fall

C. did not fall

D. would not have fallen

4. ( ? 安徽）It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______ nowhere to stay now.

A. had

B. had had

C. would have

D. would have had

5. ( ? 重庆）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.

A. d idn’t write

B. hadn’t written

C. wouldn’t write

D. wouldn’t have written

6. ( ? 天津）I wish I ______ at my si ster’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.

A. will be

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

7. ( ? 陕西） Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.

A. dance

B. will dance

C. had danced

D. danced

Ⅰ. 单项填空

1.—It’s amazing that Beijing and Zhangjiakou have won the bid for the 2022 Winter

Olympics!

—Sure it is! The government ________ have made great efforts!

A. could

B. should

C. might

D. must

2. —Do I have to bring my camera tomorrow afternoon?

—I think so. We _______ the Botanical Garden then.

A. will be visiting

B. are visiting

C. have visited

D. visit

3. ______ a little earlier, you could have got a copy of his latest book.

A. If you would arrive

B. If you arrived

C. Should you arrive

D. Had you arrived

4. The film was so moving that we all burst into tears. Never before seen

a film like that.

A. had I

B. I had

C. have I

D. I have

5. I ______ have watched that movie — it will give me horrible dreams.

A. needn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

6. We got up early for fear that we ______ miss the early bus.

A. could

B. should

C. will

D. can

7. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ______ it a thought.

A. does he even given

B. he even gives

C. will he even give

D. he will even given

8.—You didn’t wait for Tom yesterday.

—Yes, but we ______. He didn’t come.

A. needn’t have

B. didn’t need to

C. could have

D. should have

9. Usually before exams, students ______ two minutes to write down their names.

A. are given

B. were given

C. gave

D. give

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1．I wish that I______________(go) with you to see the film last night. 2．Without electricity，our life____________(be) quite different today.

3．I am a poor man now. If I________(have) money，I______________(buy) a large house. 4．If she had been more careful，she____________________(not make) these mistakes in the exam.

5．I think people__________________(believe) my story if I were not so young. 6．The man insisted that he____________(do) his best and________________(not blame) for the failure.

7．But for the rain，we____________(have) a pleasant journey the other day. 8．If I ________(am) you，I would give that patient a hug.

9．It is raining so heavily. If the rain____________________(stop) this afternoon，we could go out for a walk.

10．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he__________(be) badly wounded and that he___________(operate)

on at once.

11．How I wish every family________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden. 12．If everyone in the country________(know) first aid，many lives would be saved. 13．Tom wishes that he ______________(study) business instead of history when he was in university.

14．—John went to the hospital alone.

—If he________________(tell) me about it，I would have gone with him. 15．My father was strict. He requested that I__________________(not watch) television on this week nights.

Ⅲ. 翻译句子

1．如果他要来的话，他会事先通知我们一声的。

________________________________________________________________________

2．如果不是天一直下那么多雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。

________________________________________________________________________

3．真希望有人能告诉我这个秘密。

________________________________________________________________________

4．我考试没有及格，我多么希望我通过了考试。

________________________________________________________________________

5．我宁愿不认识他。

________________________________________________________________________

K真题

1. B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形

式主要是把if省

略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。

4. C【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or

引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据

＂now＂可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。

5. D【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime

experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。

6. D【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。

7. C【解析】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。

K好题

Ⅰ. 单项填空

1. D【解析】考查情态动词。句意：令人吃惊的是，北京和张家口共同举办2022年冬季运

动会！真的，政府肯定做出了巨大的努力。根据句意可知表示去过去的肯定推测must have done，故选D项。

2. A【解析】此题考时态，此句有重要时间标志词 then，本题中指代上文时间 tomorrow

afternoon，属将来时间，故选A。

3. D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你早到一会儿，你就会得到他的最新的一本书。表

示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，省略if, had提前构成倒装，故选D。

4. A【解析】考查倒装句。句意：电影太感人了，我们都哭了。我之前从未看过这样的电影。

Never这样的否定词放在句首，句子倒装，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选A。5. B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我不应该看那个电影，它给我带来很多噩梦。needn’t

不需要；shouldn’t不应该；couldn’t不能；mustn’t不可以。should意思是应该，表示意愿，所以选B。

8. B【解析】句意：——你们昨天没有等汤姆。——是的，但是我们没必要这么做。他昨天

根本就没有来。needn’t have是完成时needn’t have done的省略,＂本不需要做但已经做了＂；didn’t need to过去式，＂没必要＂；could have 是完成时could have done的省略，＂本可以做而没有做＂；should have是完成时should have done的省略，＂本应该做而没有做＂。根据语境表示没有必要，故选B。

9. A【解析】根据句意，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态。

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1. had gone

2. would be

3. had；would buy

4. wouldn’t have made

5. would believe

6. had done；not be blamed

7. would have had

8. were 9. were to stop/should stop/stopped 10. was；(should) be operated

11. had 12. knew 13. had studied 14. had told 15. (should) not watch

Ⅲ. 翻译句子

1. If he were to come here，he would tell us about it ahead of time.

2. If it had not been raining too much，the crops would be growing much better.

3. I wish someone could tell me the secret.

4. I didn’t pass the exam. How I wish I had passed it.

5. I would rather I didn’t know him.

Writing：如何写建议信

建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信有可能是写给个人，就对方遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；也可能是写给某个组织或机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。

一、基本结构

建议信一般采取“三段式结构”。

首段：表明意图，陈述事由。

主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。通常以firstly，secondly，thirdly或to begin/start with，then，later，last but not least等依次陈述建议。

结尾段：礼貌地总结或表示期盼回复。

二、注意事项

1．注意结构。通常以“三段式”结构行文。

2．客观地提出建议，针对对方的问题，给出你的观点。

3．语言要委婉、精炼，同时要简洁，表达清楚。

1．建议信(首段)常用句式

I am writing to express my views about/concerning...

You have asked me for my advice on...，and I will try to make some suggestions. It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on...

2．建议信中段常用句式

I would like to suggest/recommend that...

If I were you，I would...

It seems to me that you could...

In my opinion，it would be wise to take the following actions.

I think it would be more beneficial if you could...

When it comes to such a situation，I would like to suggest that you can...

I wonder if you have considered the following...

As to...I suggest that you should...

As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion...

For one thing...for another...

To begin https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8618988841.html,st but not least...

3．建议信尾段常用句式

In the end，I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.

Thanks for reading my letter.I hope you will consider my suggestions.

I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration.

I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.

Please let me know without hesitation if you need any help.

假定你是李华，你的朋友张柯发e-mail给你，就买什么样的英语词典想听听你的建议。

请根据下列提示，用英语给他回一封100个词左右的e-mail，推荐他买电子词典。

解决方法类作文模板

In recent days, we have to face I problem____________A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ____________（说明A的现状）. Second, ____________（举例进一步说明现状）.

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ____________（解决方法一）. For another ____________（解决方法

二）. Finally, ____________（解决方法三）.

Personally, I believe that____________（我的解决方法）.

Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is waiting us because ____________（带来的好处）.

1．方便、快捷 2.内置多部词典、能发音

3．能储存资料 4.其他……

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________

【审题谋篇】

体裁建议信

话题选购词典

时态一般现在时

人称第二人称

【遣词造句】

Ⅰ.词汇

1．促成

2．方便做某事

3．查阅(资料)

4．遇到

5．对……有帮助/有用

Ⅱ.句式

1．It is convenient for you to carry the electronic dictionary wherever you go as it is much smaller than the common

one.(用with复合结构作原因状语)．

_____

2．It can give you a vivid，clear and correct pronunciation just like a teacher standing by you and that makes it

outstanding from a variety of others.(用定语从句合并句子)

【答案】

Ⅰ.词汇

1.lead to/contribute to

2.It is convenient to do sth.

3.look up；consult

4.meet with/come across

5.be helpful/useful to.../be of help(use)to...

Ⅱ.句式

1.With the electronic dictionary being much smaller than the common one，it is convenient for you to carry it

wherever you go.

2．It can give you a vivid，clear and correct pronunciation just like a teacher standing by you，which makes it

outstanding from a variety of others.

【参考范文】

Dear Zhang Ke，

As for the problem you put forward in your last e-mail，I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an electronic dictionary.

Yours，

Li Hu

高中英语倒装句讲解以及习题

倒装句 一、定义：英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。 Eg：The bus comes here. Here comes the bus. 车来了。 二、分类：全倒装:将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装， 半倒装:只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。 Eg：Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. 很多年前有一位老人住在那间木屋里。 Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期，我从来没上学迟到过。 三、全倒装：“五全”=有时表地方 经常与be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand（表示移动或动态的不及物动词连用） 或用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等?㈠、“有”：在“there be”结构里 Eg：There is a box on the table. 桌子上面有一个盒子。 ?㈡、“时”：表示时间副词，如：now，then, Eg：Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 ?㈢、“表”：表语放句子前，“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构 Eg：Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 格林先生和其他的客人在这个聚会上。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 一群年轻人坐在了地上。 ?㈣、“地”：地点状语放在句首 Eg：In south of the river lies a small factory. 小工厂位于河的南方。 From the valley came a cry. 山谷传来一阵哭声。 ?㈤、“方”：表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首

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