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高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结(含答案)

高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结(含答案)
高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结(含答案)

高中英语语法填空专练及解题技巧总结

解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是:

一、浏览全文把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中,为较好地把握其大意,很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意,也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难

在通读全文,基本了解文章大意之后,就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空,先跳过去,等检查时再仔细对付,不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点

有时间的话,进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是:将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读,以最后确定答案。

另外,一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

技巧指导

语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型,这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况:一种为已给单词提示,一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究,总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。

技巧一:名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例1:There are many students living at school, the__(child)houses are all far from school.

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren's。

技巧二:动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

例2:Atalk__(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

句中的is是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三:代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。

例3:The king decided to see the painter by__(he).

由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀-er和-est,或在词前加more/less和most/least,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

例4:I am__(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.

此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

技巧五:数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。

例To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall

take a__(three).

从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

技巧六:词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例6:Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very__(happiness).

在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词,由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un-,就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。

技巧七:固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

例7:The children were playing on the ground, enjoying__,dirty but happy.

从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enjoy oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。例8:His boss was__angry as to fire him.

如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to,所以,so是正解。

技巧八:从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

例9:He did not do__his father had asked him to do.

审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从句中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。例10: Those__want to go to the village must sign here.

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who。

技巧九:短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例11:The US consists__fifty states.

根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由……组成”,所以答案是of。

例12:Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take__of her.

生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。

技巧十:短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语,如:except for, due to 等。

例13:Mr Smith took a plane to London__of taking a train.

此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。

例14:Just then, he saw a blackboard in__of him.

细心观察,可以看出填入front即可构成in front of,此题得解。

技巧十一:连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等,

常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。

例15:Little Wang Jun could not go to school, __his family was too poor.

此处表示原因,引导的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所

以填for。

例16:__Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.

横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and,故答案为Both。

技巧十二:冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:however,never,yet,much 等,但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。

例17:Jackie likes to drive at__high speed.

这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。

例18:Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him__Saturday afternoon.

Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。

例19:Though Liu Qiang did the same work__Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay __Zhang

第一条横线可由前面的the sanle判断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义,故答案为than。

例20:It was only one day left,__,his father had no idea to answer him.

观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以答案是however。技巧十三:上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文;关系和自己积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的,地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。

例21:Tony__travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。

上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。

一、

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