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2017--2018学年人教版选修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors language points课时作业 (1)

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors language points课时作业Ⅰ.阅读填句

Shyness can have a huge impact on your life.__1__ The tips below can help overcome your shyness and improve your life vastly!

Make eye contact with everyone you talk to.It is so easy to look at the floor，the ceiling，anywhere but into the other person’s eyes.Looking directly at someone makes them see you in a different light.If they think you are confident，you will become more confident！If you find it really hard，at the very beginning，look just above the eyes，they will never know.__2__ Start a conversation with a new person every day.Think of four or five things you could start a conversation with and then find at least one opportunity each day to talk to a new person.__3__ Just exchanging a few words will get you used to talking to new people and you can gradually build up as your confidence grows.Asking people something about themselves is often a good opener as it encourages them to talk!

__4__ Your body language has a huge effect on both how you feel and how other people perceive you.Walk around your home or garden as if you are the most important person in the world.Then go out and continue that，you really are the most important person in the world.

All in all，never give up，keep practising and soon you really will be a different person. __5__ You need to take action to increase your confidence and beat shyness.

A．Just reading tips will not help.

B．It will lessen your awkwardness.

C．Be conscious of your body language.

D．It can stop you from making any progress.

E．Many young people are actually shy in public.

F．You don’t need to have a deep conversation.

G．You can have a talk with your parents if necessary.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。害羞对你的生活有很大的影响，本文介绍了一些克服害羞的有效方法，其中包括目光交流、主动与人交流及身体语言的运用等。

1．解析：选D上句提到害羞给生活带来的影响，据此可知，它会阻止你取得进步。

2．解析：选B根据上文中的look just above the eyes，they will never know可知，上文介绍了目光交流的方式，这能减轻你的局促感。

3．解析：选F根据下文中的Just exchanging a few words will get you used to talking to new people.可知，和人们交流的时候没必要深谈。

4．解析：选C根据下文中的Your body language has a huge effect on both how you feel

and how other people perceive you.可知，注意你的身体语言。

5．解析：选A根据下句You need to take action to increase your confidence and beat shyness.可知，不能只注意方法，也要采取行动才能达到目的。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2018·，Dr.Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her.She asked the woman why she was so tired，and the woman said she was absolutely __1__ because she’d been up at two in the morning trying to __2__ the water.

Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughter’s passion had turned to making sure her __3__ was eco－friendly.They were staying at the woman’s brother’s house the night before her trip，and in the middle of the night her daughter woke up to the __4__ of a dripping faucet(水龙头)．The daughter asked for __5__ turning it off as the faucet handle was __6__.The only way to __7__ the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn the water off，and her daughter wouldn’t go to sleep until the leak stopped.So at two in the morning __8__ in the family was out in the yard helping to __9__ to turn off the water.

Young people have much more __10__ to start and accomplish changes than what __11__ may believe.When children make a change in their lives，families are __12__ along to become environmentally friendly.

The story also shows that __13__ actions can have a big impact.We __14__ to think about __15__ events like Clean and Green Week.Instead，a lot of small changes can make a(n) __16__.If hundreds or thousands of students __17__ their families to turn off the tap to save water，move the air conditioning temperature __18__ a degree or two in summer，__19__ less and make other environmentally－friendly changes，the __20__ family may change its behaviors.

[语篇解读]本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，一天在凌晨两点她听到了水龙头滴答的声音，醒来之后一看是水龙头的把手坏了，无法关上水管，于是她就说服家里人起来一起帮她挖通往总阀门的管道，以便切断水源。小女孩的激情已经确保她的家人也变得爱护环境了。通过这件事说明小行动也能有很大的影响，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用。

1．A.exhausted B．delighted

C．sad D．angry

解析：选A根据本句前面的暗示词“tired”和下文的描述可知这个妇女在凌晨两点就起来想法关水龙头，所以她绝对地非常疲倦(exhausted精疲力竭的)。所以A项符合语境之意。故选A。

2．A.turn on B．turn off

C．take along D．bring along

解析：选B根据第二段的描述和暗示词“turn the water off”可知此处的意思是凌晨两点起来尽力地关上(turn off)水管。所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

3．A.mother B．family

C．school D．group

解析：选B根据第8空处的暗示词“everyone in the family”可知因她的小女儿在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，她女儿的激情已经变成确保她的家人(family)也变得爱护环境了。所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

4．A.sound B．voice

C．rhyme D．music

解析：选A根据下文的语境可知在半夜她女儿醒了是因为听到了水龙头滴答的声音(sound)。所以A项符合语境之意。故选A。

5．A.advice B．pleasure

C．help D．trouble

解析：选C根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助(help)把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了。”可知C项符合语境之意。故选C。

6．A.opened B．thrown

C．dropped D．broken

解析：选D根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了(broken )。”可知D项符合语境之意。故选D。

7．A.stop B．prevent

C．hold D．cut

解析：选A根据本句后面的暗示词“the leak stopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是朝着前面草坪里的管子挖，来找切断水源的主阀门，而且她女儿直到止住漏水才去睡觉。”所以A项符合语境之意。故选A。

8．A.someone B．anyone

C．everyone D．no one

解析：选C根据上文可知此句的意思该是“于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人(everyone)都到外面的院子里帮助挖，为了关水管。”所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。

9．A.fix B．dig

C．mend D．fit

解析：选B根据上文可知此句的意思该是“为了切断水源，于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人都到外面的院子里帮助挖(dig)。”所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

10．A.power B．time

C．enthusiasm D．wisdom

解析：选A根据下文可知本句的意思该是“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量(power)比成年人可以相信的要大得多。”所以A项符合语境之意。故选A。

11．A.officials B．teenagers

C．teachers D．adults

解析：选D根据上下文的语境和常识可知年轻人该和成年人相比，所以此句该译成“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量比成年人(adults)可以相信的要大得多。”所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。

12 A．saved B．praised

C．seated D．dragged

解析：选D根据上文家里人的参与可知本句该译成“当孩子们在他们的生活中做出改变的时候，家里人被拖带着(drag along随从、拖带、带领)变得爱护环境了。”所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。

13．A.important B．small

C．unnecessary D．children’s

解析：选B根据下文的暗示词“small”和上下文的语境可知本句的意思该是“这个故事也表明小(small)行动能有很大的影响。”所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

14．A.plan B．tend

C．attempt D．mean

解析：选B根据下文可知本句的意思该是“我们倾向(tend to)考虑像清洁周和绿色周这样的大事件。”所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

15．A.new B．traditional

C．big D．social

解析：选C根据下句的关键词instead(相反)和small可知此句的意思该是“我们倾向考虑像清洁周和绿色周这样的大(big)事件。”所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。

16．A.living B．difference

C．effort D．fortune

解析：选B根据上句的意思可知本句的意思该是“相反，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用(make a difference有影响，起重要作用)。”所以B项符合语境之意。故选B。

17．A.want B．allow

C．convince D．force

解析：选C根据上文让家人参与挖水管可知此句的意思该是“为了节约用水，如果数以百计或数以千计的学生都说服(convince说服，劝服)他们的家人关掉水龙头，在夏季把空

调的温度上调一两度，少开车并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。

18．A.off B．away

C．down D．up

解析：选D根据上句说服家人……可知此句的意思该承接上句，所以该译成“在夏季把空调的温度上调(move...up)一两度，……整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”所以D项符合语境之意。故选D。

19．A.eat B．walk

C．drive D．consume

解析：选C根据上文可知此句的意思该是“……少开车(drive)并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”所以C项符合语境之意。故选C。

20．A.rich B．large

C．entire D．ordinary

解析：选C根据上文可知此句的意思该是“……少开车并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个(entire整个的，全部的，全体的)家庭就可能改变它的行为。”所以C 项符合语境之意。故选C。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)1.________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side 2.________(effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3.________(process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4.________(remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5.________ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6.________ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7.________(be)full of fat and salt；by 8.________(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 9.________(care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both,10.________is not good for the health.

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。

1．解析：as考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。

高中英语选修8 unit4 单词

高中英语选修8 unit4 单词 I.课内探究 1.hesitate vi犹豫，踌躇hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫不决 hesitate to do 犹豫/踌躇干某事not hesitate to do 毫不犹豫干某事 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 There is no room for hesitation.没有犹豫的余地了。 1）She hesitated before replying.她犹豫了一会才回答。 2）She agreed without the slightest hesitation .她毫不犹豫就同意了。 3）If you have any question, please don’t hesitate to ask.你如果有什么问题，请尽管问。 without hesitation，Meng Xiangbin jumped into the river to save the drowning young woman .孟祥斌毫不犹豫地跳下河去救落水的年轻女子。 2．Classify vt分类，归类，把……分等级 People who work in libraries spend a lot of time classifying books.在图书馆工作的人花大量的时间为书籍分类。 classified adi. 分类的，归类的classify…as …把……归类为…… be classified as 分为……类classified ad 分类广告 3.condemn vt.判刑，处刑，谴责 It is illegal to condemn a man wothout a hearing.不进行审问就给人判刑是违法的。 be condemned to death 被判死刑condemn sb for 因……而责备、指责某人 Anybody who loves peace will ________ the evil deeds of attacking the Olympic torch. A. condemn B. challenge C. t olerate D. accuse 4.remark vi 谈论，评论，说 remark in/upon as/sth 对……加以评论n. 评论，评述，注意（notice） pointed cutting remarks 直言不讳的，尖刻的评论 make a few remarks about /on a subject 讲几句有关某人、某问题的话 1）The editor remarked that the article was well written.编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。 2）It is rude to remark on / upon the appearance of other people.评论别人的外表是粗鲁的行为。 3）He made a number of rude remarks on/upon the food here.对于哪里的食品，他说了很多无礼的话。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/93114467.html,promise n .妥协，折中vi.妥协，折中，违背 agree on a compromise 同意妥协arrive at /come to /reach a compromise 达成妥协compromise with 和。……妥协compromise on 在……妥协 In a _________ between management and unions, a 4% pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in productivity. A. compromise B. rule C. way D.discipline 6.overlook vt. 俯瞰，俯视，未看到，未注意到，忽视，忽略（某人/某事），不理会 overlook the valley 俯视山谷overlook a spelling error忽略了一个拼写错误overlook sb.不理会某人 My room overlooked the garden. 我的房间俯瞰花园。 They overlooked the enormous risks involved. 他们忽略了暗含的巨大危险。 Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of overlooking any important data. 7. superior adj.更好的，更强的，有优越感的，傲慢的（职位级别）更高的，上级的 n.上级，上司，长官be superior to “比……好”eg: 1）Today’s computers are superior to anyone we had ten years ago. 如今的电脑比十年前的任何一台电脑都好。 2）She always acts so superior to everyone else.她总是表现得比别人优越。 8．Fade vi.凋谢，枯萎；（颜色）退去；（声音等）变为弱；（光等）变暗淡；逐渐消失 1）The flowers faded for want of water.花儿因缺水而凋谢了。 2）The colour fades when esposed to light.这颜色曝光后会褪色。 3）The sound of the footsteps faded away.脚步渐渐消失。

(完整版)人教版高中生物选修一第一章学案和习题1

商丘市一高2010-2011学年下学期高三生物选修1 1.1果酒和果醋的制作编制：秦伟审定：备课组长：使用时间：总第期 1 1．有细胞结构而没有核膜的一组生物是 ( ) A ．噬菌体、细菌 B ．变形虫、草履虫 C ．蓝藻、酵母菌 D ．放线菌、圆褐固氮菌 2．酒厂用酵母菌酿酒时，经检测活菌数量适宜但却不产生酒精，应采取的措施是 ( ) A ．降低温度 B ．隔绝空气 C ．加缓冲液 D ．加新鲜培养基 3．将葡萄汁制成果酒和果醋后（） A ．能量减少，有机物种类变化 B ．能量增加，有机物种类不变 C ．能量不变，有机物种类变化 D ．能量减少，有机物种类不变 4．细胞结构是原核细胞、生长繁殖过程不需氧、体内不含有氧呼吸酶的微生物是 ( ) A ．酵母菌 B ．醋酸菌 C ．乳酸菌 D ．变形虫 5．在醋酸菌利用葡萄酒生产葡萄醋的过程中，因为培养环境的改变，醋酸菌也可能出现变异现象，这种变异来源是 ( ) A ．染色体变异 B ．基因突变 C ．基因重组 D ．等位基因分离 6．(多选)若在制作葡萄酒时，在发酵液中同时生成了葡萄醋，可能的原因是 ( ) A ．密封不严，有氧气进入 B ．有空气中的醋酸菌进入 C ．发酵罐消毒不彻底 D ．发酵液灭菌不彻底 7．(多选)制作葡萄酒的过程中，涉及的操作过程有 ( ) A ．发酵装置的消毒 B ．接种菌种 C ．通人氧气量和酸碱度的控制 D ．发酵过程高温加热 8．下列关于果酒和果醋制作的叙述，错误的是 ( ) A ．制作果酒时瓶口需密闭，而制作果醋时中断通氧可能会引起醋酸菌死亡 B ．温度对酵母菌酒精发酵的影响很大，而对醋酸菌的发酵影响不大 C ．在变酸的果酒的表面观察到的菌膜可能是醋酸菌在液面大量繁殖形成的 D ．制作果酒和果醋时都应用70%的酒精对发酵瓶消毒并注意无菌操作 9．利用微生物发酵制作果酒，该过程利用的微生物是___________，其代谢类型是 ____________，与生产实际相关的反应式是_______________ ，在不灭菌的情况下，如何使酵母菌成为优势菌种?____ ________________________ _____________________________ ___________。 10．酵母菌是自然界中常见的一类真菌． (1)从细胞核的结构看，酵母菌属于_______________________ 生物． (2)酵母菌常进行___________________生殖，在基因工程中，也常用酵母菌作为转入基因的受体细胞，是因为___________________________________________________。 (3)用染料使染色体着色，发现一酵母菌细胞核中有17条染色体，该酵母菌是______倍体．在自然环境中，酵母菌属于生态系统中的___ ___成分． (4)酵母菌体内遗传物质主要在上，而醋酸菌的遗传物质主要在________上． 11．下面是果酒和果醋制作的实验流程和某同学设计的果酒和果醋的发酵装置。根据图示回答下列问题： (1)完成图1中的实验流程。 (2)冲洗的主要目的是_________，冲洗应特别注意不能____________，以防止菌种的流失。 (3)图2装置中的充气口在________时关闭，在_______时连接充气泵，并连续不断地向内________________________________________________________________________。 (4)排气口在酒精发酵时排出的气体是由_______产生的______，在醋酸发酵时排出的是________________________________________________________________________。 (5)写出与(4)题有关的反应方程式： ①________________________________________________________________________； ②________________________________________________________________________。 (6)若在果汁中就含有醋酸菌，在酒精发酵旺盛时，醋酸菌能否将果汁中的糖发酵为醋酸？说明原因_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________。 (7)在酒精发酵时瓶内温度一般应控制在________。醋酸发酵时温度一般应控制在________。 1.1答案 1—8 DBACB ABCD ABC B 9、酵母菌异养兼性厌氧型 C 6H 12O 6 2C 2H 5OH+2CO 2+能量将混合菌置于缺氧，酸性环境下，利用酵母菌兼性厌氧的特点，而绝大多数其他微生物都无法适应这一环境受到抑制 10、真菌出芽酵母菌繁殖快遗传物质相对少单分解者细胞核拟核 11、(1)醋酸发酵 (2)洗去浮尘反复冲洗 (3)酒精发酵醋酸发酵泵入空气(氧) (4)酵母菌 CO 2 ( 含氧量少的)空气、CO 2 (5)C 6H 12O 6―→2C 2H 5OH ＋2CO 2 C 6H 12O 6＋2O 2―→2CH 3COOH ＋2CO 2＋2H 2O ， C 2H 5OH ＋O 2―→CH 3COOH ＋H 2O (6)不能。因为酒精发酵时的缺氧环境能抑制醋酸菌生长，且醋酸菌发酵条件是氧气充足 (7)18 ～25 ℃ 30 ～35 ℃ 作业班级：学号：姓名：高三生物酶

人教新目标英语八年级上册unit4单元测试题(含答案)

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