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2012年北京语言大学普通语言学试题回忆

《语言学纲要》试题库剖析

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(完整word版)语言学概论试题及参考答案

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04年10月自考现代语言学试题(1)

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《语言学纲要》模拟试题

《语言学概论》考核题型与分章模拟题一、填空题(每小题2分,计30分) 二、选择题(每小题1分,计10分) 三、名词解释(每小题2分,计10分) 四、分析说明题(每小题5分,计20分) 五、论述题(每小题10分,计30分) 第一章语言的功能一、填空(15分) 1、语言的功能包括( 社会)功能与( 思维)功能。 2、语言的社会功能包括(信息传递)功能与(人际互动)功能。 3、人的大脑分左右两个半球,语言功能及计数、推理能力等由(左 )半球掌管,音乐感知、立体图形识别等能力由(右 )半球制约。二、判断正误(15分) ( 错 )1、书刊上的话语不具有人际互动功能。 ( 错 )2、聋哑人不会说话,所以不具有抽象思维的能力。 ( 对 )3、不同语言结构的差异体现出思维方式的不同。三.思考题(70分) 1、语言的人际互动功能表现在哪些方面？说话者在传递客观经验信息的同时,也在表达着主观的情感、态度与意图,寻求听话者的反馈。而受话者在接收说话者传递的客观经验信息的同时,也了解了说话者的主观情感态度,从而做出回应。这样语言就成为说话者与听话者间交际互动的工具。例如: 张三与李四同时在教室瞧书,张三坐在窗子边的位置,李四坐在中间位置。 A、李四说:“今天气温很低。” B、张三说:“我马上关上。”

A、B的对话表达了一种委婉的请求。李四说“今天气温很低”的目的并不就是反映今天的天气,而就是向坐在窗户边的张三请求将窗户关上。 2、不同语言思维方式的特殊性体现在哪些方面？思维能力就是全人类普遍的,但使用不同语言的民族在思维方式上会有所不同。每一种语言都包含着一个民族认识客观世界的特殊方式,我们学会一种语言也就学会了该民族的独特的思维方式。不同语言背景的人进行思维时常常呈现出不同的特点: A 不同民族的不同语言对事物的分类可能不同。英文中的“uncle”,与汉语中伯父、叔父、姑父;堂伯、堂叔、堂姑父、姨父、舅父、表姑父、表叔……等词对应。 B 相同语素构成的词,可能表示不同的概念。手+纸汉:手纸日:信汽+车汉:汽车日:火车第二章语言就是符号系统一、填空(20分) 1、说出的话语句子就是无限的,但无限多的句子都就是由有限的(词 )与( 规则 )组装起来的。 2、我们就是通过( 听话)认识到“孔子就是中国古代的思想家”这个( 心理现实 )的。 3、心理现实就是存在于( 客观现实 )与(语言符号 )之间的人脑中的信息存在状态。 4、语言符号的( 任意性 )与( 线条性),就是语言符号的基本性质。 5、( 组合关系 )与( 聚合关系 )就是语言系统中的两种根本关系。二、判断正误(20分) ( 错 )1、音位与音位组合构成语素。 ( 错 )2、语言就是一种社会规约,所以每个人说话就是不自由的。 ( 错 )3、句子就是比词组高一层级的符号单位,所以句子的长度一定大于词组。

自学考试《现代语言学》模拟试题及答案2017

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普通语言学两个测试题

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全国2013年1月自学考试现代语言学试题

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《语言学纲要》试题及答案

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全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：0830 Ⅰ.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%) 1．Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing, which is a feature of（） A．all consonants B．vowels only C．all consonants and some vowels D．all vowels and some consonants 2．The negative prefix“ in-”in English, when added to the adjective “possible”, is actually pronounced/im/,and spelt as “im”. This is the result of the ______________rule at work. （） A．deletion B．assimilation C．phonetic D．sequential 3．The word “ecology” is a two-morpheme cluster that contains_______________.（）A．two roots B．a root and a suffix C．a root and a free morpheme D．a prefix and a root 4．When we move the adverbial phrase “every day” in the sentence “Every day, we study English” to the end of the sentence, we are now ______________ the phrase to the right.（）A．rewriting B．preposing C．postposing D．maintaining 5．Antonyms are divided into several kinds .Which of the following is NOT a kind of antonyms? （） A．complementary B．relational C．superordinate D．gradable 6．In terms of predication analysis , the utterance“ Is it going to snow this afternoon?” is a______________（） A．one-place predication B．two-place predication C．three-place predication D．no-place predication 7．In Old English, word order was freer because the case endings were rich. So in Old English, word orders included SVO, VSO, SOV and OSV. However, Modern English has a much weaker case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of________________.

现代语言学自考历年真题

全国2010年10月自学考试现代语言学试题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20% ) 1. The purpose of Chomsky’s definition is to focus attention on the purely ______ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematically precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural 2. We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and individual sounds within that range as ______. A. vowels B. consonants C. sounds D. speech sounds 3. A(n) ______ refers to the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. A. root B. stem C. affix D. morpheme 4. All sentences in all languages can be represented by constituent structure trees, and all have syntactic rules that determine the linear order of words and their ______ structure. A. linear B. hierarchical C. constituent D. syntactic 5. In semantic analysis of a sentence, a(n) ______ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element in a sentence. （） A. argument B. subject C. object D. predicate 6. Speaker A: Can you answer the telephone? Speaker B: I’m in the bath. Speaker B is violating the maxim of ______.（） A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. manner 7. New words may be formed from existing words by the removal of a suffix thought to be part of the old word. Such a process is called ______, e.g., caretake from caretaker. A. back-formation B. clipping C. blending D. abbreviating 8. It is insulting to a woman to be called a spinster, but it is not insulting to a man to be called a bachelor. There is nothing inherently ______ about the word spinster. The connotations reflect the sexist views society has about an unmarried woman as opposed to an unmarried man. A. important B. unusual C. pejorative D. commendatory 9. Human linguistic ability depends primarily on human ______. （） A. brain B. vocal cords C. tongue D. articulatory organs 10. In the ______ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. （） A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word Ⅱ. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. ( 1%×10=10% ) 11. D linguistics is the systematic description and elucidation of all linguistic changes through time. It studies the historical development of language over a period of time. For example, a study of the changes English has undergone since the time of Shakespeare would be a diachronic study. 12. The phonemes of a language cannot be strung together in any random order to form words. The phonological system determines which phonemes can begin a word, end a word, and follow each other, in other words, there are s rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language. 13. Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: inflectional morphology and d morphology. 14. Syntax consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. It is universally found that syntactic rules comprise a speaker’s system of i linguistic knowledge known as linguistic competence. 15. Pairs of words which exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the lexical items are called r opposites. 16. Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m , but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.